The divine comedy — Page 1

Vocabulary

ဤ

i — This (formal/literary demonstrative pronoun)

ကျွန်ုပ်တို့

kjʊ̀ noup tó — We, us (formal first-person plural pronoun)

၏

i — Possessive or copula particle (formal/literary)

မြေသား

mjè θá — Earth, soil; native of the land

ဘဝ

bəwɔ̀ — Life, existence, state of being

အလယ်

ʔəlɛ̀ — Middle, center, midpoint of something

အလတ်

ʔəlaʔ — Medium, intermediate, middle-sized

တွင်

twɪ̀ɴ — In, at, within (locative particle)

ကျွန်ုပ်

kjʊ̀noup — I, me (formal first-person singular pronoun)

သည်

θì — Topic marker particle; present tense marker

မှောင်

hmáʊɴ — Dark, darkness, obscure, gloomy

မိုက်

maɪʔ — Stupid, ignorant; also intensifier for darkness

သော

θɔ̀ — Relative clause marker (that, which, who)

တော

tɔ̀ — Forest, jungle, wilderness

အုပ်

ʔouʔ — To cover, oversee; a group or cover

တစ်

tɪʔ — One, a (numeral and indefinite article)

ခု

kʰṵ — General classifier for objects; now, this moment

လမ်း

láɴ — Road, path, way, route

ပျောက်

pjaʊʔ — To get lost, disappear, vanish

၍

jʊ̰ — And so, therefore (connective literary particle)

နေ

nè — To live, stay, remain; sun

ကြောင်း

tɕáʊɴ — That (reported speech/reason particle); cat

တွေ့

twḛ — To find, meet, encounter, discover

ရ

jà — To get, obtain, receive; can, able to

တည့်

tɛ̰ — Straight, direct, exactly aligned

မတ်

maʔ — Upright, vertical, standing straight

မှ

hmà — From, since, only then (particle)

သွေ

θwè — Blood; to entice, lure away

သွား

θwá — To go; tooth (noun)

ပြီ

pjì — Already, completed (sentence-final particle)

ဖော်

pʰɔ̀ — To reveal, show, expose, bring out

ပြ

pja̰ — To show, demonstrate, display

ရန်

jàɴ — In order to, for the purpose of; enemy

မှာ

hmà — At, in, on (locative); to order, instruct

ပင်

pɪ̀ɴ — Indeed, even, also (emphatic particle); tree

လွယ်

lwɛ̰ — Easy, simple, not difficult

ကူ

kù — To help, assist; to cross over

ကိစ္စ

keiʔsa̰ — Matter, affair, issue, concern

မ

mə — Negation prefix (not, no)

ဟုတ်

houʔ — True, correct, right; yes

ပေ

pè — Sentence-final particle (evidential/assertive)

မည်

mɛ̀ — Will, shall (future tense marker)

မျှ

hmja̰ — Only, merely, as much as (particle)

ကြမ်း

tɕáɴ — Rough, coarse, harsh, crude

ပြင်း

pjɪ́ɴ — Strong, intense, severe, forceful

ထန်

tʰàɴ — Fierce, intense, violent (intensifier)

ထို

tʰò — That (demonstrative, formal/literary)

ကြံ့

tɕʰàɴ — Strong, sturdy, robust, resilient

ခိုင်

kʰàɪɴ — Firm, solid, strong, durable

ထူ

tʰù — Thick, dense; to establish, found

ထဲ

tʰɛ́ — Inside, within, into

တမ်း

táɴ — Eagerly, with longing; to yearn for

စွာ

swà — Adverbial suffix meaning in a manner of

ထွား

tʰwá — Large, big, grown (of body/plant)

ကိုင်း

káɪɴ — Bent, bowed; branch (of tree)

သတိ

θədì — Mindfulness, awareness, consciousness, caution

ရုံ

jòɴ — Hall, building; barely, just enough

ဖြင့်

pʰjɪ̰ɴ — By means of, with, through (instrumental particle)

သာ

θà — Only, just, merely (restrictive particle)

ထိတ်

tʰeɪʔ — To be startled, frightened, alarmed

လန့်

làɴ — To be scared, startled, terrified

မှု

hmṵ — Action nominalizer; affair, matter (suffix)

သေ

θè — To die, dead; very (intensifier)

ခြင်း

tɕʰɪ́ɴ — Nominalizing suffix; act or fact of

နှင့်

hnɪ̰ɴ — And, with, together with (conjunction/particle)

နီး

nì — Near, close, nearby

ဝေး

wè — Far, distant, remote

ခါး

kʰá — Bitter (taste); waist

သက်

θɛʔ — Life, age, breath; to press down

ထပ်

tʰaʔ — Again, additionally; floor/story of building

ပေါ်

pɔ̀ — On top of, above, upon; to appear

လာ

là — To come; directional particle (toward speaker)

သို့

θò — To, toward, in the direction of

သော်

θɔ̀ — Although, but, however (concessive particle)

ရာ

jà — Hundred; general nominalizer/relativizer suffix

ကြုံ

tɕʰòɴ — To encounter, face, experience (an event)

ခဲ့

kʰɛ̰ — Past tense marker (did, went and did)

ကောင်း

káʊɴ — Good, fine, nice, excellent

မွန်

môɴ — Excellent, noble, refined; Mon (ethnic group)

အရာ

ʔəjà — Thing, matter, object, subject

များ

mjá — Many, much, plural marker

ကို

ko — Object marker particle (accusative)

လျှင်

lʃɪ̀ɴ — If, when (conditional particle)

မူ

mù — As for, however (contrastive topic particle)

ရှိ

ʃḭ — To exist, have, there is/are

အခြား

ʔətɕʰá — Other, another, different, else

အားလုံး

ʔálòɴ — All, every, everyone, everything

လည်း

lɛ́ — Also, too, as well (additive particle)

ဆင်

sʰɪ̀ɴ — Elephant; to consider carefully, ponder

ခြင်

tɕʰɪ̀ɴ — To reason, consider (used in ဆင်ခြင်)

ပထမ

pətʰəmà — First, primary, at the beginning

ဆုံး

sʰóɴ — End, finish; to end, die, be lost

ဝင်

wɪ̀ɴ — To enter, go in, come in

ရောက်

jáʊʔ — To arrive, reach, get to a place

ဆို

sʰò — To say, sing; quotative particle

နိုင်

nàɪɴ — Can, able to, capable; to win

သလောက်

θəlaʊʔ — As much as, to the extent that

အချိန်

ʔətɕʰèɪɴ — Time, period, moment

အိပ်

ʔeɪʔ — To sleep, to lie down and rest

ငိုက်

ŋaɪʔ — To be drowsy, doze off, nod off

ဖွယ်

pʰwɛ̰ — Worthy of, likely to (potential suffix)

ထုံ

tʰòɴ — Numb, dull, insensitive, deadened

ကျေ

tɕè — To be content, satisfied; to repay

လေး

lé — Four; heavy; dear (endearing particle)

နက်

nɛʔ — Deep, profound, dark (of color/depth)

မှန်

hmàɴ — Correct, true, right; mirror, glass

ကန်

kàɴ — Lake, pond; to kick; to ban

စွန့်

swóɴ — To abandon, give up, renounce, sacrifice

အခါ

ʔəkʰà — Time, occasion, when, moment

အာရုံ

ʔàjòɴ — Sensation, sense, focus, attention

ဖိ

pʰḭ — To press, push down, suppress

နှိပ်

hneiʔ — To press, massage, push a button

ချ

tɕʰa̰ — To place down, put down, lower

တောင်

táʊɴ — Mountain; south; even, also (particle)

ခြေ

tɕʰè — Foot, leg (of a person or animal)

ပိတ်

peɪʔ — To close, shut, block, seal

ဆို့

sʰoʔ — To choke, be blocked, constricted

နှလုံး

hnəlóɴ — Heart (physical organ and emotional center)

သား

θá — Son, child; meat, flesh; softening particle

ကြောက်

tɕʰaʊʔ — To fear, be afraid, scared of

ရွံ့

jwóɴ — To be disgusted, revolted, feel revulsion

ထိုး

tʰó — To stab, pierce, inject, poke

ဖောက်

pʰaʊʔ — To pierce through, break open, perforate

ချိုင့်

tɕʰàɪɴ — Hollow, depression, dip in surface

ဝှမ်း

wʰáɴ — Valley, hollow, basin between hills

အထက်

ʔətʰɛʔ — Above, upper, superior, higher up

မောက်

maʊʔ — Arrogant, conceited, swollen (of pride)

ကြည့်

tɕʰḭ — To look, watch, observe, examine

ကျယ်

tɕʰɛ̰ — Wide, broad, spacious, expansive

ပြန့်

pjàɴ — To spread out, expand, be widespread

ပုခုံး

pouʔkʰóɴ — Shoulder (part of the body)

မြင်

mjɪ̀ɴ — To see, notice, perceive visually

ဂြိုလ်

gjòʊ — Planet, star, celestial body

ရောင်

jáʊɴ — Color, light, ray; to sell

ခြည်

tɕʰɛ̀ — Ray, beam (of light); thread, yarn

ဝတ်

wuʔ — To wear, put on (clothing); duty

ထား

tʰá — To place, put, keep; resultative marker

ပြီး

pjì — After, finished, having done (sequential particle)

ဖြစ်

pʰjiʔ — To be, become, happen, occur

ပမာဏ

pəmàɴ — Amount, quantity, measure, extent

လှည့်

lɛ̰ɴ — To turn, rotate, spin, revolve

လည်

lɛ̀ — To rotate, circulate; neck (body part)

သူ

θù — He, she, they (third-person pronoun)

ဘေး

bè — Side, flank; danger, hazard

ကင်း

kɪ́ɴ — Free from, devoid of, exempt from

ပို့

pó — To send, deliver, transport

ဆောင်

sʰáʊɴ — To carry, bring, conduct, lead

အနည်း

ʔənɛ́ — Few, little, small amount

ငယ်

ŋɛ̰ — Young, small, junior, little

ခွင့်

kʰwɪ̀ɴ — Permission, right, allowance, leave

ရှိုင်း

ʃàɪɴ — Shallow, not deep, superficial

အေး

ʔé — Cool, cold; calm, peaceful

စက်

sɛʔ — Machine, engine, device; to start

လျက်

ljɛʔ — While doing, simultaneously (adverbial particle)

ကျန်

tɕàɴ — Remaining, left over, to remain behind

ရစ်

jiʔ — To wind around, coil, wrap

ည

nja̰ — Night, nighttime, evening

လုံး

lóɴ — Round, whole; classifier for round objects

ဝမ်း

wáɴ — Stomach, belly, womb; glad (ဝမ်းသာ)

နည်း

nɛ́ — Method, way; few, little (quantity)

ကုန်

kòɴ — To run out, be finished; goods

လွန်

lwàɴ — Excessively, too much; to pass, exceed

ကျပ်

tɕaʔ — Tight, narrow, constricted; kyat (currency)

တည်း

tɛ́ — Only, alone; to stay (literary particle)

အသက်

ʔəθɛʔ — Life, breath, age (years old)

ရှူ

ʃù — To breathe, inhale, respire

လူ

lù — Person, human being, people

ယောက်

jáʊʔ — Classifier for males/persons

ကဲ့

kɛ̰ — Like, similar to (used in ကဲ့သို့)

ပန်း

páɴ — Flower, blossom; to be tired out

နွမ်း

nwáɴ — Exhausted, worn out, weak, feeble

နယ်

nɛ̰ — Region, territory, district, province

ကာ

kà — To shield, protect; while (temporal particle)

ပင်လယ်

pɪ̀ɴlɛ̰ — Sea, ocean

ကမ်း

káɴ — Shore, bank, coast, riverbank

လွတ်

lwaʔ — Free, released, escaped, vacant

မြောက်

mjáʊʔ — North; to succeed, to float up

အန္တရာယ်

ʔàɴdəjè — Danger, risk, hazard, threat

ကြီး

tɕí — Big, large, great, major

မား

má — Large, great (intensifier with ကြီး)

ပြင်

pjɪ́ɴ — Outside, exterior; to repair, fix, prepare

ဆီ

sʰì — Oil, fat; toward, in the direction of

ရပ်

jaʔ — To stop, halt, stand still

တန့်

tàɴ — To halt, stop (used with ရပ်တန့်)

မျက်

mjɛʔ — Eye; face (used in compounds)

ဟပ်

haʔ — To reflect, flash, glint (of light)

တူ

tù — Same, similar, alike, equal

စိတ်

seɪʔ — Mind, heart, feeling, spirit

ဝိညာဉ်

wɪ̀ɴɲàɴ — Spirit, soul, consciousness (spiritual term)

အောင်

ʔáʊɴ — To succeed, win; until, so that (particle)

သေး

θé — Still, yet; small, tiny

သည့်

θɪ̰ — Relative clause marker (attributive particle)

တိုင်

tàɪɴ — Until, up to; pillar, post; to complain

တိုက်

taɪʔ — To fight, clash; building, tower

ပွဲ

pwɛ́ — Event, festival, ceremony, match, fight

မြောင်း

mjáʊɴ — Ditch, drain, canal, trench

ကျဉ်း

tɕɪ́ɴ — Narrow, confined, tight, cramped

ရှု

ʃṵ — To look at, view, observe (formal)

ဖြတ်

pʰjaʔ — To cut through, pass through, cross

ကျော်

tɕɔ̀ — To pass by, exceed, cross over; famous