The Expedition of Humphry Clinker — Page 2

Vocabulary

Enfin

ɑ̃.fɛ̃ — Finally; used to conclude or summarize a point.

si

si — If; conditional conjunction used in hypothetical statements.

vous

vu — You; second-person plural or formal pronoun.

et

e — And; basic coordinating conjunction linking words.

moi

mwa — Me; first-person singular stressed pronoun.

devions

də.vjɔ̃ — We had to; imperfect of devoir indicating obligation.

parvenir

paʁ.və.niʁ — To manage to achieve or reach something successfully.

à

a — To, at; common preposition indicating direction or purpose.

un

œ̃ — A, an; indefinite article for masculine singular nouns.

accord

a.kɔʁ — Agreement; mutual understanding reached between parties.

je

ʒə — I; first-person singular subject pronoun.

déclare

de.klaʁ — I declare; to formally state or announce something.

que

kə — That; subordinating conjunction introducing a clause.

dans

dɑ̃ — In, inside; preposition indicating location or context.

le

lə — The; definite article for masculine singular nouns.

cas

kɑ — Case; a situation or instance under consideration.

d'

d — Of; elided preposition before a vowel sound.

une

yn — A, an; indefinite article for feminine singular nouns.

telle

tɛl — Such; adjective meaning of that kind or degree.

poursuite

puʁ.sɥit — Pursuit or legal prosecution brought against someone.

prendrais

pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ — I would take; conditional of prendre indicating willingness.

tout

tu — All, everything; pronoun or adjective of totality.

sur

syʁ — On, upon; preposition indicating position or responsibility.

mes

me — My; first-person plural possessive adjective.

propres

pʁɔpʁ — Own; adjective emphasizing personal ownership or responsibility.

épaules

e.pol — Shoulders; the parts of the body bearing responsibility.

même

mɛm — Even, same; adverb or adjective emphasizing inclusion.

amende

a.mɑ̃d — Fine; a monetary penalty imposed as punishment.

emprisonnement

ɑ̃.pʁi.zɔn.mɑ̃ — Imprisonment; the state of being confined in prison.

bien

bjɛ̃ — Well; adverb affirming or emphasizing a statement.

dois

dwa — I must; present tense of devoir expressing obligation.

l'

l — The; elided definite article before a vowel sound.

avouer

a.vwe — To admit or confess something truthfully.

ne

nə — Not; negative particle used with pas or other negators.

tiendrais

tjɛ̃.dʁɛ — I would hold or bear; conditional of tenir.

guère

ɡɛʁ — Hardly, scarcely; negative adverb expressing little degree.

subir

sy.biʁ — To undergo or endure something unpleasant or difficult.

la

la — The; definite article for feminine singular nouns.

Deuxièmement

dø.zjɛm.mɑ̃ — Secondly; adverb introducing the second point in argument.

concernant

kɔ̃.sɛʁ.nɑ̃ — Concerning, regarding; preposition about a specific subject.

ressentiment

ʁə.sɑ̃.ti.mɑ̃ — Resentment; deep feeling of bitterness toward someone.

personnel

pɛʁ.sɔ.nɛl — Personal; relating to an individual rather than general matters.

de

də — Of, from; very common French preposition indicating belonging.

M.

mə.sjø — Mr.; abbreviation of Monsieur, a male honorific title.

juge

ʒyʒ — Judge; a person who presides over legal proceedings.

puis

pɥi — Then, also; adverb indicating sequence or addition.

dire

diʁ — To say; infinitive of the verb meaning to speak.

non

nɔ̃ — No; basic negation word used in French.

voudrais

vu.dʁɛ — I would like; conditional of vouloir expressing desire.

pas

pɑ — Not; negative particle used with ne in French negation.

volontiers

vɔ.lɔ̃.tje — Willingly, gladly; adverb indicating readiness to do something.

quelque

kɛl.kə — Some, any; indefinite adjective indicating an unspecified amount.

chrétien

kʁe.tjɛ̃ — Christian; a person who follows the Christian faith.

ce

sə — This, that; demonstrative adjective or pronoun in French.

soit

swa — Be; subjunctive of être or expression meaning whatever.

par

paʁ — By, through; preposition indicating means or manner.

aventure

a.vɑ̃.tyʁ — Adventure or chance; par aventure means by chance.

il

il — He, it; third-person masculine singular subject pronoun.

mérite

me.ʁit — Deserves; third-person singular of mériter in present tense.

cet

sɛt — This; masculine demonstrative adjective before a vowel sound.

sois

swa — Be; first-person subjunctive or imperative form of être.

fort

fɔʁ — Very, strongly; adverb intensifying an adjective or verb.

surpris

syʁ.pʁi — Surprised; past participle of surprendre indicating astonishment.

on

ɔ̃ — One, we, they; impersonal subject pronoun in French.

prenne

pʁɛn — Takes; subjunctive of prendre expressing a hypothetical action.

davantage

da.vɑ̃.taʒ — More; adverb meaning to a greater extent or degree.

soin

swɛ̃ — Care; prendre soin means to take care of something.

exclure

ɛks.klyʁ — To exclude; to keep someone out of a group.

commission

kɔ.mi.sjɔ̃ — Commission; a group authorized to perform specific duties.

tous

tus — All; masculine plural of tout indicating entirety of group.

ces

se — These, those; plural demonstrative adjective in French.

étrangers

e.tʁɑ̃.ʒe — Foreigners; people coming from another country or place.

peut

pø — Can; third-person singular present of pouvoir expressing ability.

légitimement

le.ʒi.tim.mɑ̃ — Legitimately; in a lawful or justified manner.

soupçonner

sup.sɔ.ne — To suspect; to have doubts about someone's loyalty.

déloyauté

de.lwa.jo.te — Disloyalty; lack of faithfulness to a person or cause.

envers

ɑ̃.vɛʁ — Toward; preposition indicating attitude directed at something.

notre

nɔtʁ — Our; first-person plural possessive adjective in French.

heureuse

ø.ʁøz — Happy, fortunate; feminine adjective expressing positive quality.

constitution

kɔ̃s.ti.ty.sjɔ̃ — Constitution; the fundamental legal framework of a state.

Église

e.ɡliz — Church; the Christian religious institution or a building.

État

e.ta — State; the organized political community or government body.

Dieu

djø — God; the supreme being in Christian and other religions.

me

mə — Me; first-person singular object pronoun in French.

garde

ɡaʁd — Guard, keep; Dieu me garde means God protect me.

être

ɛtʁ — To be; fundamental infinitive linking subject to description.

peu

pø — Little, not very; adverb indicating small degree or amount.

charitable

ʃa.ʁi.tabl — Charitable; showing generosity and goodwill toward others.

au

o — At the, to the; contraction of à and le.

point

pwɛ̃ — Point; au point de means to the extent of something.

affirmer

a.fiʁ.me — To affirm; to state something positively and confidently.

positivement

po.zi.tiv.mɑ̃ — Positively, definitively; in a certain and affirmative manner.

n'

n — Not; elided negative particle before a vowel sound.

est

ɛ — Is; third-person singular present tense of être.

rien

ʁjɛ̃ — Nothing; negative pronoun used with ne in French.

mieux

mjø — Better; comparative adverb indicating higher quality or degree.

qu'

k — Than, that; elided form of que before a vowel.

déguisé

de.ɡi.ze — Disguised; concealing one's true identity or intentions.

mais

mɛ — But; coordinating conjunction introducing contrast or opposition.

ceci

sə.si — This; demonstrative pronoun referring to something specific.

affirmerai

a.fiʁ.mə.ʁe — I will affirm; future tense indicating firm future statement.

soutiendrai

su.tjɛ̃.dʁe — I will maintain; future of soutenir meaning to uphold.

depuis

də.pɥi — Since, for; preposition marking the starting point of time.

jour

ʒuʁ — Day; a unit of time or a specific calendar date.

où

u — Where, when; relative pronoun indicating place or time.

a

a — Has; third-person singular present of avoir as auxiliary.

prêté

pʁɛ.te — Sworn, lent; past participle of prêter meaning to give.

serment

sɛʁ.mɑ̃ — Oath; a solemn promise or formal declaration of commitment.

jamais

ʒa.mɛ — Never, ever; negative adverb used with ne in French.

vu

vy — Seen; past participle of voir indicating visual perception.

seule

søl — Single, alone; feminine adjective meaning only one time.

fois

fwa — Time; occurrence, as in une seule fois meaning once.

c'

s — It; elided demonstrative pronoun before est in c'est.

est-à-dire

ɛ.ta.diʁ — That is to say; phrase clarifying or explaining previous statement.

intérieur

ɛ̃.te.ʁjœʁ — Interior, inside; adjective or noun referring to internal space.

église

e.ɡliz — Church; a building used for Christian worship services.