The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Or Gustavus Vassa, The African: Written By Himself — Page 2

Vocabulary

あの

ano — That (referring to something distant or known).

取引

torihiki — Transaction, trade, or business deal.

によって

ni yotte — By means of; depending on; due to.

私

watashi — I; me; first-person singular pronoun.

は

wa — Topic-marking particle indicating the subject.

自然

shizen — Nature; natural; occurring without artificiality.

と

to — And; with; quotation particle in Japanese.

心

kokoro — Heart, mind, spirit, or inner feelings.

に

ni — Directional or locative particle meaning to, in, at.

深く

fukaku — Deeply; profoundly; to a great degree.

結びついて

musubitsuite — Being connected, tied, or bound together.

いた

ita — Past tense of iru; was existing or continuing.

優しい

yasashii — Kind, gentle, tender, or affectionate.

縁

en — Bond, connection, fate, or karmic tie.

を

wo — Object-marking particle indicating direct object.

すべて

subete — All, everything, entirely without exception.

れ

re — Passive auxiliary suffix indicating being acted upon.

まし

mashi — Polite past auxiliary verb stem (mashita).

た

ta — Past tense verb ending in Japanese.

しかし

shikashi — However, but; conjunction indicating contrast.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns.

神秘

shinpi — Mystery, mystical quality, or divine secret.

なる

naru — To become; also attributive form meaning of.

キリスト教

Kirisutokyō — Christianity; the Christian religion and faith.

知識

chishiki — Knowledge, learning, or intellectual understanding.

へ

e — Directional particle meaning toward or to.

導か

michiбика — Led, guided (stem of verb michibiku).

また

mata — Also, again, moreover; additive conjunction.

寛大

kandai — Generous, magnanimous, or broad-minded.

な

na — Adjectival linking particle for na-adjectives.

精神

seishin — Spirit, mind, mentality, or moral character.

その

sono — That; demonstrative adjective referring to nearby thing.

政府

seifu — Government; the ruling administrative authority.

自由

jiyū — Freedom, liberty, or free will.

そして

soshite — And then; furthermore; connecting sequential ideas.

芸術

geijutsu — Art; fine arts; creative artistic expression.

科学

kagaku — Science; systematic study of the natural world.

における

ni okeru — In, at, regarding; formal locative expression.

人間

ningen — Human being; humanity; person in general.

尊厳

songen — Dignity, nobility, or inherent human worth.

高め

takame — Elevating, raising, or enhancing (stem form).

て

te — Conjunctive particle linking verb phrases together.

き

ki — Auxiliary indicating completed or ongoing past action.

国民

kokumin — Citizens, nationals, or people of a nation.

知る

shiru — To know, learn, or become aware of.

至った

itatta — Came to, reached, or arrived at a state.

こと

koto — Thing, fact, or nominalizer for verb phrases.

で

de — Particle indicating location, means, or cause.

それら

sorera — Those; plural demonstrative pronoun for multiple things.

苦難

kunan — Hardship, suffering, or painful ordeal.

無限

mugen — Infinite, limitless, or boundless in extent.

補わ

おginawa — Compensating, supplementing (stem of oginau).

もの

mono — Thing, object, or nominalizing expression.

考える

kangaeru — To think, consider, or reflect upon something.

べき

beki — Should, ought to; expressing obligation or expectation.

ある

aru — To exist, be, or have (inanimate things).

思い

omoi — Thought, feeling, or strong personal sentiment.

ます

masu — Polite verb ending indicating formal register.

文学的

bungakuteki — Literary; relating to literature or writing.

価値

kachi — Value, worth, or significance of something.

まったく

mattaku — Completely, entirely, utterly; used for emphasis.

欠い

kai — Lacking, missing (stem of kakeru, to lack).

作品

sakuhin — Work, piece, or creation of art or writing.

お届け

otodoke — Delivering or presenting (humble/polite form).

する

suru — To do; general-purpose action verb.

について

ni tsuite — About, regarding, concerning a topic.

お願い

onegai — Request, plea, or humble asking of someone.

申し上げる

mōshiageru — To say or tell humbly (most respectful form).

承知

shōchi — Understanding, acknowledgment, or consent to something.

して

shite — Doing; conjunctive te-form of suru.

おり

ori — Humble form of iru; humbly being or existing.

これ

kore — This; demonstrative pronoun for nearby thing.

苦しむ

kurushimu — To suffer, be in pain, or agonize.

救済

kyūsai — Relief, rescue, or salvation from suffering.

ため

tame — For the sake of; purpose or benefit.

手段

shudan — Means, method, or way to achieve something.

願っ

negatte — Wishing, hoping (te-form of negau).

書か

kaka — Written (stem of kaku, to write).

アフリカ人

Afurikajin — African person; someone from the African continent.

著作

chosaku — Written work, authorship, or literary composition.

あり

ari — There is; exists (classical or formal form).

人物

jinbutsu — Person, figure, or individual of note.

が

ga — Subject-marking particle; but (conjunctive use).

訴える

uttaeru — To appeal to, plead, or take legal action.

なら

nara — If; conditional particle implying hypothetical situation.

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning if or when.

免れる

mapokareru — To escape, avoid, or be exempt from.

信じ

shinji — Believing, trusting (stem of shinjiru).

廃止

haishi — Abolition, abolishment, or cancellation of a system.

問題

mondai — Problem, issue, or matter under discussion.

議論

giron — Debate, discussion, or argument about an issue.

される

sareru — Passive form of suru; to be done or discussed.

重要

jūyō — Important, significant, or of great consequence.

日

hi — Day, sun, or a specific date.

皆様

mina-sama — Everyone; honorific address to all present.

も

mo — Also, too, even; additive or emphasis particle.

人々

hitobito — People; plural form referring to multiple persons.

幸福

kōfuku — Happiness, wellbeing, or state of contentment.

か

ka — Question particle; or (presenting alternatives).

悲惨

hisan — Misery, wretchedness, or tragic suffering.

左右

sayū — Left and right; to control or influence outcome.

さ

sa — Nominalizing suffix or softening sentence-final particle.

れる

reru — Passive or potential auxiliary verb ending.

天

ten — Heaven, sky, or divine realm above.

神

kami — God, deity, or divine being.

特別

tokubetsu — Special, particular, or exceptional in nature.

慈悲

jihi — Mercy, compassion, or benevolence toward others.

ください

kudasai — Please give or do; polite request form.

よう

yō — So that; in order to; expresses purpose or wish.

祈り

inori — Prayer, wish, or earnest supplication.

申し上げます

mōshiagemasu — I humbly say or state (most polite form).

最も

mottomo — Most; superlative adverb indicating highest degree.

忠実

chūjitsu — Faithful, loyal, or devoted to someone.

僕

boku — I (informal male); also servant or attendant.

より

yori — From; than; indicating origin or comparison.

ストリート

Sutorīto — Street; road (loanword transliteration from English).

3月

sangatsu — March; the third month of the year.

24日

nijūyokka — The 24th day of the month.

一覧

ichiran — List, index, or overview at a glance.

右

migi — Right side; also meaning the above-mentioned.

名誉

meiyo — Honor, glory, or distinguished reputation.

氏

shi — Mr./Ms.; honorific suffix for a person's name.

2部

ni-bu — Two copies; two volumes or parts of something.