The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Or Gustavus Vassa, The African: Written By Himself — Page 1

Vocabulary

著者

chosha — Author or writer of a book or text.

の

no — Possessive or attributive particle linking nouns.

国

kuni — Country, nation, or land.

と

to — Particle meaning 'and' or 'with'.

その

sono — That; demonstrative adjective referring to something nearby.

風俗

fūzoku — Customs, manners, and social practices of a people.

習慣

shūkan — Habit, custom, or established practice.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or target.

ついて

tsuite — Regarding, concerning, or about a topic.

記述

kijutsu — Description or written account of something.

司法

shihō — Judiciary; the administration of justice and law.

運営

un'ei — Management or operation of an organization or system.

婚姻

kon'in — Marriage; the legal or social union of partners.

儀式

gishiki — Ceremony or ritual performed for a special occasion.

公的

kōteki — Public or official, relating to public affairs.

な

na — Adjectival particle connecting na-adjectives to nouns.

娯楽

goraku — Entertainment, amusement, or recreational activity.

生活

seikatsu — Daily life, living, or lifestyle.

様式

yōshiki — Style, mode, or form of something.

衣服

ifuku — Clothing or garments worn by people.

製造

seizō — Manufacturing or production of goods.

物

mono — Thing, object, or item in general.

建造

kenzō — Construction or building of structures.

商業

shōgyō — Commerce, trade, or commercial activity.

農業

nōgyō — Agriculture or farming as an industry.

戦争

sensō — War or armed conflict between groups or nations.

宗教

shūkyō — Religion or organized system of spiritual belief.

原住民

genjūmin — Indigenous or native inhabitants of a region.

迷信

meishin — Superstition; irrational belief lacking rational basis.

僧侶

sōryo — Buddhist monk or member of the clergy.

あるいは

aruiwa — Or, alternatively; used to present another option.

魔術師

majutsushi — Magician, sorcerer, or practitioner of magic.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix indicating a group of people.

葬儀

sōgi — Funeral ceremony or burial rites for the deceased.

毒

doku — Poison or toxic substance harmful to life.

を

wo — Direct object particle marking the object of a verb.

発見

hakken — Discovery or finding something previously unknown.

する

suru — To do; general-purpose action verb in Japanese.

奇妙

kimyō — Strange, peculiar, or odd in an unusual way.

方法

hōhō — Method, way, or means of doing something.

同国人

dōkokujin — Fellow countryman or compatriot from the same nation.

起源

kigen — Origin or source from which something derives.

関する

kansuru — To relate to or concern a particular subject.

いくつか

ikutsuka — Several or some; an unspecified small number.

示唆

shisa — Suggestion or implication hinting at something indirectly.

および

oyobi — And, as well as; formal connective between items.

主題

shudai — Main theme, subject, or topic of a work.

様々

samazama — Various, diverse, or of many different kinds.

著述家

chojutsuka — Writer or author who produces literary works professionally.

意見

iken — Opinion, view, or perspective on a matter.

自ら

mizukara — Oneself; personally or by one's own action.

回顧録

kaikōroku — Memoir or retrospective account of one's past life.

出版

shuppan — Publication; the act of publishing books or materials.

者

sha / mono — Person or one who performs a certain role.

が

ga — Subject marker particle identifying the grammatical subject.

虚栄

kyoei — Vanity or vain pride in one's appearance or achievements.

誹り

soshiri — Slander, blame, or reproach directed at someone.

免れる

manukareru — To escape, avoid, or be exempt from something.

こと

koto — Nominalizer turning verbs or clauses into noun phrases.

は

wa — Topic marker particle indicating the sentence topic.

難しい

muzukashii — Difficult, hard, or challenging to accomplish.

私

watashi — I or me; first-person singular pronoun.

思う

omou — To think, feel, or believe something.

しかし

shikashi — However or but; conjunction indicating contrast.

それ

sore — That; pronoun referring to something previously mentioned.

だけ

dake — Only, just, or merely; limiting particle.

彼ら

karera — They or them; third-person plural pronoun.

苦労

kurō — Hardship, trouble, or effort endured with difficulty.

唯一

yuiitsu — Only one, sole, or unique among all options.

不利益

furieki — Disadvantage, loss, or detrimental effect on someone.

で

de — Particle indicating location, means, or manner of action.

ない

nai — Negation; expressing that something does not exist.

珍しい

mezurashii — Rare, unusual, or uncommon in occurrence.

めったに

metta ni — Rarely, seldom; used with negatives for infrequency.

まったく

mattaku — Completely, entirely, or absolutely; emphatic adverb.

信じ

shinji — Stem of 'to believe'; having faith or trust.

られ

rare — Passive auxiliary; indicating being acted upon.

ず

zu — Classical negative form meaning 'without doing' something.

自明

jimei — Self-evident, obvious, or needing no explanation.

嫌悪感

ken'okan — Feeling of disgust, aversion, or strong dislike.

もって

motte — With, by means of; carrying or holding something.

背

se / hai — Back of the body; turning one's back on something.

向け

muke — Directed toward or aimed at a target.

無礼

burei — Rudeness, impoliteness, or lack of proper manners.

ある

aru — To exist or be; existence verb for inanimate things.

非難

hinan — Criticism, blame, or condemnation of someone's actions.

し

shi — Verb stem connector or listing conjunction in Japanese.

がち

gachi — Tendency to; prone to doing something often.

という

to iu — Called, named, or said to be something.

も

mo — Also or too; inclusive particle adding to a list.

また

mata — Also, again, or furthermore; additive adverb.

不幸

fukō — Misfortune, unhappiness, or unfortunate circumstance.

人々

hitobito — People; plural form referring to multiple individuals.

一般

ippan — General, common, or ordinary; applicable to most cases.

偉大

idai — Great, magnificent, or of remarkable importance.

印象的

inshōteki — Impressive or striking; leaving a strong lasting impression.

出来事

dekigoto — Event, happening, or occurrence in daily life.

満ちた

michita — Filled with or full of something; past tense.

つまり

tsumari — In other words, that is to say; summarizing expression.

要するに

yōsuru ni — In short, to sum up; concluding or summarizing phrase.

高い

takai — High, tall, or expensive; adjective of elevation or value.

程度

teido — Degree, extent, or level of something.

おいて

oite — At, in, or regarding a particular context or place.

賞賛

shōsan — Praise, admiration, or commendation for achievement.

か

ka — Question particle or 'or' between alternatives.

哀れみ

awaremi — Pity, compassion, or sympathy toward suffering.

どちらか

dochiraka — Either one; choosing between two available options.

呼び起こす

yobiookosu — To evoke, arouse, or call forth emotions or memories.

もの

mono — Thing or nominalizer conveying reason or expectation.

読まれ

yomare — Passive form of 'to read'; being read by others.

記憶

kioku — Memory or recollection of past events or knowledge.

さ

sa — Suffix nominalizing adjectives; or softening sentence-final particle.

れる

reru — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix in Japanese.

価値

kachi — Value, worth, or merit of something.

考え

kangae — Thought, idea, or way of thinking about something.

その他

sonohoka — Other things; the rest not specifically mentioned.

すべて

subete — All, everything, or the whole of something.

軽蔑

keibetsu — Contempt, scorn, or disdain toward someone or something.

忘却

bōkyaku — Oblivion or complete forgetting of something over time.

委ねる

yudaneru — To entrust, leave to, or commit to another.

それゆえ

soreyue — Therefore, for that reason; logical consequential connector.

告白

kokuhaku — Confession or frank disclosure of one's feelings or facts.

無名

mumei — Unknown, nameless, or obscure without public recognition.

目立た

medatata — Stem of 'to stand out'; being noticeable or conspicuous.

個人

kojin — Individual person as distinct from a group.

しかも

shikamo — Moreover, furthermore; adding emphasis to previous statement.

異邦人

Foreigner, alien, or person from another country.

この

kono — This; demonstrative adjective for something nearby.

よう

yō — Appearance, manner, or 'it seems like' in expressions.

公衆

kōshū — The general public or community at large.

寛大

kandai — Generous, lenient, or magnanimous in attitude toward others.

注意

chūi — Attention, caution, or warning about something.

求める

motomeru — To seek, request, or demand something from someone.

少なから

sukunakara — Not a few; considerable in number or degree.

危険

kiken — Danger, risk, or hazardous situation.

とりわけ

toriwake — Especially, particularly, or above all others.

ここ

koko — Here; this place or location near the speaker.

提供

teikyō — Provision or offering of something to someone.

聖人

seijin — Saint or holy person of exceptional virtue.

歴史

rekishi — History; the record of past human events.

英雄

eiyū — Hero or heroic figure of great courage and deeds.

暴君

bōkun — Tyrant or cruel ruler who abuses power.

認める

mitomeru — To recognize, acknowledge, or admit something as true.

以上

ijō — More than, above, or that is all; concluding expression.

なおさら

naosara — All the more so; even more so than before.