The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Or Gustavus Vassa, The African: Written By Himself — Page 4

Vocabulary

この

kono — This (adjective modifying a noun nearby).

印

shirushi — Mark, sign, or symbol on something.

は

wa — Topic-marking particle in Japanese grammar.

額

hitai — Forehead; the front part of the face.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle between nouns.

上部

jōbu — Upper part or top section of something.

で

de — Particle indicating location of action or means.

皮膚

hifu — Skin; the outer covering of the body.

を

wo — Object-marking particle indicating direct object.

横

yoko — Side, horizontal direction, or width.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or target.

切り

kiri — Cutting; act of slicing something.

それ

sore — That; referring to something previously mentioned.

眉毛

mayuge — Eyebrow; hair above the eye.

まで

made — Until, up to, or as far as.

引き下げる

hikisageru — To pull down or lower something.

こと

koto — Thing, fact, or nominalized verb action.

によって

ni yotte — By means of; through a method or agent.

その

sono — That (adjective); referring to something mentioned.

資格

shikaku — Qualification, eligibility, or credential for something.

持つ

motsu — To hold, have, or possess something.

者

mono / sha — Person who does or holds something.

授け

sazuke — Bestowing or granting something to someone.

られる

rareru — Passive auxiliary verb; to be done to.

そして

soshite — And then; connecting sequential events or ideas.

状態

jōtai — State, condition, or current situation of something.

まま

mama — As is; remaining in a certain unchanged state.

温かい

atatakai — Warm; comfortably heated to the touch.

手

te — Hand; the body part at arm's end.

当て

ate — Applying or pressing something against a surface.

下部

kabu — Lower part or bottom section of something.

太い

futoi — Thick, fat, or wide in dimension.

隆起

ryūki — Raised protrusion or swelling on a surface.

した

shita — Past tense of suru; did or formed.

傷跡

kizuato — Scar; mark left on skin after injury.

が

ga — Subject-marking particle in Japanese grammar.

できる

dekiru — To be able to; to come into existence.

擦り

suri — Rubbing or scraping something against a surface.

続ける

tsuzukeru — To continue doing an action without stopping.

ある

aru — To exist; there is (for inanimate things).

裁判官

saibankan — Judge; official who presides over legal proceedings.

や

ya — And; listing particle for non-exhaustive enumeration.

長老

chōrō — Elder; respected senior person in a community.

ほとんど

hotondo — Almost, mostly, or nearly all of something.

よう

yō — Appearance, manner, or seeming like something.

付け

tsuke — Attaching or affixing something to a place.

られて

rarete — Passive te-form; being done to someone.

いた

ita — Past progressive of iru; was existing or doing.

父

chichi — Father; one's own male parent.

も

mo — Also, too; inclusive addition particle.

長く

nagaku — For a long time; lengthily or extensively.

帯び

obi — To bear, carry, or take on a quality.

て

te — Te-form particle linking verbs in a sequence.

おり

ori — Formal progressive of iru; to be (doing).

私

watashi — I; first-person singular pronoun in Japanese.

兄弟

kyōdai — Siblings; brothers and sisters collectively.

一人

hitori — One person; a single individual.

見た

mita — Saw; past tense of to see.

あった

atta — There was; past tense of aru (to exist).

また

mata — Also, again, or moreover; additive connector.

両親

ryōshin — Both parents; father and mother together.

受ける

ukeru — To receive, undergo, or be subjected to.

べき

beki — Should; expressing obligation or expectation.

運命

unmei — Fate, destiny, or one's predetermined life course.

すなわち

sunawachi — That is to say; in other words, namely.

長

chō / osa — Chief, leader, or head of a group.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix indicating a group of people.

争い

arasoi — Dispute, conflict, or quarrel between parties.

裁き

sabaki — Judgment or ruling in a legal context.

犯罪

hanzai — Crime; an illegal act against the law.

罰した

basshita — Punished; past tense of to penalize someone.

ため

tame — For the purpose of; because of something.

かれら

karera — They; third-person plural pronoun for people.

常

tsune — Always, constantly, or at all times.

一堂

ichidō — All together in one place at once.

集まった

atsumatta — Gathered together; past tense of to assemble.

審理

shinri — Trial hearing; examination of a legal case.

おおむね

ōmune — Generally, mostly, or for the most part.

短く

mijikaku — Shortly, briefly, or in a short manner.

場合

baai — Case, situation, or circumstance in question.

において

ni oite — In, at, or in the context of.

同害報復

dōgai hōfuku — Retaliatory justice; an eye for an eye.

法

hō — Law, rule, or legal system of governance.

適用

tekiyō — Application or implementation of a rule or law.

された

sareta — Was done; passive past tense of suru.

男

otoko — Man; adult male person.

少年

shōnen — Boy; young male person or youth.

誘拐

yūkai — Kidnapping; abducting someone against their will.

と

to — And, with, or quotation particle in Japanese.

して

shite — Te-form of suru; doing or as a role.

他

hoka — Other, another, or elsewhere beyond current scope.

前

mae — Before, front, or prior in time or space.

連れ

tsure — Bringing along or accompanying someone somewhere.

られた

rareta — Was made to; passive past auxiliary form.

覚えて

oboete — Remembering; te-form of to memorize or recall.

いる

iru — To exist; progressive auxiliary for ongoing action.

または

mata wa — Or; presenting an alternative option or choice.

息子

musuko — Son; one's own male child.

かかわらず

kakawarazu — Regardless of; irrespective of a certain condition.

男性

dansei — Male; a person of the male gender.

女性

josei — Female; a person of the female gender.

奴隷

dorei — Slave; a person owned and forced to work.

賠償

baishō — Compensation or reparation for damages caused.

として

to shite — As; in the capacity or role of something.

差し出す

sashidasu — To hand over or present something to someone.

命じ

meiji — Ordering or commanding someone to do something.

しかし

shikashi — However, but; a contrastive conjunction.

姦通

kantsū — Adultery; sexual infidelity within a marriage.

奴隷化

doreika — Enslavement; the act of making someone a slave.

死

shi — Death; the end of life.

もって

motte — By means of; using something as a method.

罰せ

basse — Punish; imperative or conjunctive form of to penalize.

これ

kore — This; referring to something close to the speaker.

アフリカ

Afurika — Africa; the large continent south of Europe.

国々

kuniguni — Countries; multiple nations or states collectively.

同様

dōyō — Similarly, likewise, or in the same manner.

科される

kasareru — To be imposed or levied as a penalty.

刑罰

keibatsu — Punishment; legal penalty for committing a crime.

信じて

shinjite — Believing; te-form of to trust or have faith.

婚姻

kon'in — Marriage; a legally or socially recognized union.

床

toko / yuka — Bed or floor; a surface one lies on.

名誉

meiyo — Honor, prestige, or good reputation.

間

aida / ma — Between, among, or a span of time or space.

それほど

sorehodo — That much, to that extent, so very.

神聖

shinsei — Sacred, holy, or divinely revered.

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns.

もの

mono — Thing, object, or something in a general sense.

され

sare — Passive stem form of suru; being done.

妻

tsuma — Wife; one's own female spouse.

貞節

teisetsu — Chastity, fidelity, or moral virtue in marriage.

について

ni tsuite — About, regarding, or concerning a topic.

敏感

binkan — Sensitive; quick to react to stimuli or feelings.

事例

jirei — Case, example, or specific instance of something.

女

onna — Woman; adult female person.

罪

tsumi — Sin, crime, or wrongdoing against law or morality.

有罪

yūzai — Guilty; having been found to have committed a crime.

慣習

kanshū — Custom, convention, or established traditional practice.

従って

shitagatte — In accordance with; following a rule or custom.

罰

batsu — Punishment or penalty for a wrongdoing.

夫

otto — Husband; one's own male spouse.

引き渡さ

hikiwatasa — Handing over or transferring someone to another.

れた

reta — Passive past suffix; was handed over or done.