The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Or Gustavus Vassa, The African: Written By Himself — Page 3

Vocabulary

それ

sore — That; refers to something near the listener.

は

wa — Topic marker particle indicating the subject.

赤道

sekidō — The equator; imaginary line around Earth's middle.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns.

ほぼ

hobo — Almost, nearly, approximately.

直下

chokka — Directly below; right underneath something.

に

ni — Particle indicating location, direction, or time.

位置

ichi — Position, location, placement of something.

し

shi — Conjunctive form of suru; connects clauses.

海岸

kaigan — Coast, seashore, shoreline area.

沿い

zoi — Along; following the length of something.

約

yaku — Approximately, about a certain amount.

マイル

mairu — Miles; unit of distance measurement.

わたって

watatte — Spanning, extending over a distance or period.

広がって

hirogatte — Spreading out, extending across an area.

いる

iru — To exist; auxiliary indicating ongoing state.

が

ga — Subject marker particle; also indicates contrast.

アフリカ

Afurika — Africa; the large continent.

内陸部

nairikubu — Inland region; interior area away from coast.

へ

e — Directional particle indicating movement toward.

と

to — Particle meaning 'and' or 'with'; quotation marker.

さかのぼり

sakanobori — Going upstream; tracing back to the source.

これ

kore — This; refers to something near the speaker.

まで

made — Until, up to, as far as.

いかなる

ikanaru — Any whatsoever; of any kind at all.

旅行者

ryokōsha — Traveler; a person who travels.

も

mo — Also, too; emphatic particle meaning 'even'.

探索

tansaku — Exploration, search, investigation of an area.

され

sare — Passive form of suru; to be done.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb marker.

こと

koto — Thing, fact, matter; nominalizer for verbs.

ない

nai — Negative; does not exist, is not.

私

watashi — I, me; first-person singular pronoun.

信じる

shinjiru — To believe, to trust, to have faith.

距離

kyori — Distance; measured space between two points.

続い

tsuzui — Continuing, going on without stopping.

て

te — Te-form particle connecting sequential actions.

おり

ori — Polite form of iru; to exist, to be.

その

sono — That; demonstrative modifying a noun.

始まり

hajimari — Beginning, start, origin of something.

から

kara — From; indicates starting point in time or space.

離れ

hanare — Being apart, separated, distant from something.

帝国

teikoku — Empire; a large territory under imperial rule.

よって

yotte — By means of, due to, because of.

ようやく

yōyaku — Finally, at last, barely managing to.

終わり

owari — End, conclusion, finish of something.

を

o — Object marker particle for direct objects.

告げる

tsugeru — To announce, to tell, to signal an end.

よう

yō — Seems like, appears to be; resemblance expression.

思わ

omowa — To think, believe, consider; base form stem.

れる

reru — Passive or potential auxiliary verb ending.

この

kono — This; demonstrative adjective modifying a noun.

王国

ōkoku — Kingdom; a country ruled by a king.

多く

ōku — Many, much, a large number of.

州

shū — State, province, administrative region.

または

mata wa — Or; presenting an alternative option.

地区

chiku — District, zone, designated area.

分かれ

wakare — Divided, split into separate parts.

中

naka — Inside, among, in the middle of.

で

de — Particle indicating place, means, or scope.

最も

mottomo — Most; superlative degree adverb.

辺鄙

henpi — Remote, out-of-the-way, secluded location.

肥沃

hiyoku — Fertile, rich soil good for growing crops.

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjective to noun.

地域

chiiki — Region, area, local district.

一つ

hitotsu — One; the number one counting things.

ある

aru — To exist, to be, to have.

呼ば

yoba — To be called, named; passive stem form.

おい

oi — Hey; exclamation or colloquial interjection.

年

nen — Year; unit of time measurement.

いう

iu — To say, to be called, to name.

名

na — Name, title given to a person or place.

魅力的

miryokuteki — Attractive, charming, appealing to others.

豊か

yutaka — Rich, abundant, prosperous, fertile.

谷間

tanima — Valley; low area between hills or mountains.

生まれ

umare — Born; place or time of one's birth.

首都

shuto — Capital city of a country or region.

および

oyobi — And, as well as; formal connective conjunction.

非常

hijō — Extremely, very; exceptional degree of something.

大きい

ōkii — Big, large in size.

違いない

chigainai — Must be; no doubt, certainly true.

白人

hakujin — White person; person of European descent.

や

ya — And; lists items non-exhaustively.

ヨーロッパ

Yōroppa — Europe; the western continent.

人

hito / jin — Person, human being, people.

海

umi — Sea, ocean, large body of water.

聞い

kii — To hear, to listen, to ask.

なかっ

nakatt — Past negative form; did not exist or occur.

だ

da — Copula; is, am, are in plain form.

また

mata — Also, again, moreover, furthermore.

王

ō — King, monarch, ruler of a kingdom.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or animate beings.

服従

fukujū — Obedience, submission, compliance to authority.

ほとんど

hotondo — Mostly, almost, nearly all of something.

名目

mēmoku — Nominal, in name only, superficial title.

上

ue — Above, on top; also means 'in terms of'.

もの

mono — Thing, object; nominalizer adding nuance.

過ぎ

sugi — Passing, exceeding; no more than something.

わずか

wazuka — Only a little, mere, slight amount.

観察

kansatsu — Observation, watching carefully and systematically.

及ぶ

oyobu — To reach, extend to, amount to.

限り

kagiri — As far as, limit, to the extent of.

政府

seifu — Government; the body governing a country.

あらゆる

arayuru — All, every, every possible kind of.

事務

jimu — Office work, administrative affairs, clerical duties.

地

chi / ji — Land, earth, place, ground.

首長

shuchō — Chief, head of a tribe or community.

長老

chōrō — Elder; respected senior leader of a community.

執り行わ

toriokonawa — To carry out, conduct, perform official duties.

れ

re — Passive auxiliary ending; to be done by.

い

i — Shortened form of iru; to be, exist.

他

hoka / ta — Other, another, elsewhere, the rest.

国々

kuniguni — Countries; multiple nations or states.

交流

kōryū — Exchange, interaction, friendly communication between groups.

民族

minzoku — Ethnic group, people, nationality sharing culture.

風習

fūshū — Custom, tradition, cultural practice of a people.

統治

tōchi — Governance, rule, administration of a territory.

おおむね

ōmune — Generally, on the whole, for the most part.

単純

tanjun — Simple, plain, uncomplicated, straightforward.

あり

ari — Formal connective form of aru; is, exists.

家族

kazoku — Family; a group of related people living together.

村落

sonraku — Village, hamlet, small rural settlement.

おける

okeru — In, at, concerning a particular context or place.

出来事

dekigoto — Event, happening, occurrence, incident.

歴史

rekishi — History; the record of past events.

国民

kokumin — Nation's people, citizens, nationals of a country.

全体

zentai — Whole, entire, overall totality of something.

標本

hyōhon — Specimen, sample, representative example.

して

shite — Te-form of suru; doing and connecting to next action.

役立てる

yakudateru — To make useful, to put to good use.

できる

dekiru — To be able to, to be possible, can.

父

chichi — Father; one's own male parent.

すでに

sudeni — Already, previously, by now.

述べ

nobe — To state, describe, mention, explain something.

一人

hitori — One person; alone, by oneself.

称号

shōgō — Title, honorific name, designation of rank.

記憶

kioku — Memory, recollection, remembrance of past events.

最高

saikō — Highest, supreme, greatest possible level.

栄誉

eiyo — Honor, glory, distinction earned through merit.

意味

imi — Meaning, significance, what something signifies.

する

suru — To do; versatile verb for performing actions.

言葉

kotoba — Word, language, expression, speech.

言語

gengo — Language; a system of human communication.

偉大

idai — Great, magnificent, remarkable in stature or deed.

さ

sa — Suffix nominalizing adjectives to express degree.

印

shirushi — Mark, sign, symbol, indication of something.

表す

arawasu — To express, represent, indicate, show something.