The Odyssey: Rendered into English prose for the use of those who cannot read the original — Page 2

Vocabulary

問題

mondai — Problem or issue under discussion

と

to — Particle indicating quotation or conjunction

なっ

natt(e) — Became; connective form of naru

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting clauses

いる

iru — To exist; indicates ongoing state or action

点

ten — Point or aspect of a matter

は

wa — Topic-marking particle highlighting subject

以下

ika — The following; below a certain level

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle

通り

toori — As stated; in the manner described

で

de — Copula particle indicating state or means

ある

aru — To be; formal existential or copula verb

人

hito / jin — Person or people of a group

場面

bamen — Scene or setting within a narrative

および

oyobi — And; as well as; formal conjunction

いずれ

izure — Either; any; eventually; one of them

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or time

関し

kanshi — Concerning; regarding; relating to something

も

mo — Also; too; even; inclusive particle

現在

genzai — Present time; currently existing situation

島

shima — Island surrounded by water

西

nishi — West, cardinal direction

海岸

kaigan — Coastline or seashore area

呼ば

yoba — Called; named; stem of yobu

れる

reru — Passive auxiliary verb suffix

地

chi / tochi — Land; place; ground; locality

おい

oite — At; in; within a location (te-form)

全編

zenpen — Entire work; whole text or volume

が

ga — Subject marker particle in Japanese grammar

執筆

shippitsu — Writing; authoring a literary work

さ

sa — Nominalizing suffix or passive auxiliary stem

れ

re — Passive or potential verb conjugation ending

かつ

katsu — Moreover; furthermore; at the same time

その

sono — That; the aforementioned thing or place

を

wo — Object-marking particle in Japanese grammar

素材

sozai — Material; subject matter used as source

し

shi — And; conjunctive form of suru verb

描か

ega(ka) — Depicted; drawn; stem of egaku

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb ending

もの

mono — Thing; object; work; product

こと

koto — Fact; matter; nominalizer for verbal phrases

また

mata — Also; again; furthermore; in addition

航海

kokai — Voyage; sea voyage; navigation by ship

彼

kare — He; him; that male person

容易

youi — Easy; simple; without difficulty

到達

tootatsu — Reaching; arriving at a destination

でき

deki — Can do; be able to; stem of dekiru

る

ru — Dictionary form verb ending suffix

地点

chiten — Location; specific point on a map

達し

tass(hi) — Reached; arrived at; stem of tassuru

後

ato / go — After; later; following a certain event

実質

jisshitsu — Substance; actual content; real nature

的

teki — Suffix meaning -like or -ical in nature

出発点

shuppatsu-ten — Starting point; point of departure

諸島

shotou — Islands; archipelago; group of islands

海峡

kaikyo — Strait; narrow sea passage between lands

経由

keiyu — Via; passing through a route or place

へ

e — Directional particle toward a destination

戻る

modoru — To return; to go back to origin

記

ki — Record; account; written narrative document

する

suru — To do; general-purpose action verb

この

kono — This; referring to something nearby

詩

shi — Poem; poetry; verse composition

住ん

sund(e) — Living; residing; stem of sumu

い

i — Conjunctive or stem form of iru

非常

hijou — Extremely; very; exceptional degree

若い

wakai — Young; youthful in age

女性

josei — Woman; female person

よっ

yot(te) — By means of; due to; te-form of yoru

書か

kaka — Written; stem of kaku (to write)

彼女

kanojo — She; her; that female person

いう

iu — To say; named; called something

名

na / mei — Name; given name of a person

もと

moto — Under; based on; origin or foundation

自ら

mizukara — Oneself; personally; by one's own hand

作品

sakuhin — Work of art, literature, or music

中

naka / chuu — Inside; within; among a group

登場

toujou — Appearance; entering the scene or stage

せ

se — Causative verb stem; let or make do

これ

kore — This; referring to nearby thing

ら

ra — Plural suffix for pronouns or nouns

やや

yaya — Somewhat; slightly; a little bit

驚く

odoroku — To be surprised; to be astonished

べき

beki — Should; ought to; expected obligation

主張

shuchou — Claim; assertion; argument put forward

うち

uchi — Among; within; inside a group

最初

saisho — First; the very beginning

根拠

konkyo — Basis; grounds; evidence for a claim

なる

naru — To become; to turn into something

主要

shuyou — Main; principal; most important

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives

論拠

ronkyo — Argument; logical basis for reasoning

年

nen — Year; counter for years

月

tsuki / gatsu — Month; the moon

日

hi / nichi — Day; sun; counter for days

付

zuke / fu — Dated; attached to; bearing a date

誌

shi — Magazine; periodical; journal publication

反論

hanron — Counterargument; objection; rebuttal

なし

nashi — Without; none; absence of something

掲載

keisai — Publication in print; carrying an article

以来

irai — Since; ever since a past point in time

英国

Eikoku — England; United Kingdom

読者

dokusha — Reader; person who reads publications

前

mae — Before; in front of; earlier

繰り返し

kurikaeshi — Repeatedly; again and again; repetition

広く

hiroku — Widely; broadly; extensively

提示

teiji — Presentation; showing; putting forward evidence

き

ki — Past or conjunctive form of kuru or suffix

両方

ryouhou — Both sides; both parties or things

同年

dounen — The same year; that same calendar year

学期

gakki — Academic term; school semester

同様

douyou — Similarly; in the same way; likewise

提唱

teishou — Advocacy; proposing or championing an idea

いかなる

ikanaru — Any; whatever; of any kind whatsoever

方面

houmen — Direction; quarter; area or field

から

kara — From; because; since; starting point particle

私

watashi — I; me; first-person pronoun

返答

hentou — Reply; answer; response to a question

す

su — Shortened form of suru; to do

意見

iken — Opinion; view; one's perspective

届い

todoi — Reached; arrived; was delivered; stem of todoku

おら

ora — Not present; informal negative of oru

ず

zu — Negative verb suffix meaning without doing

おける

okeru — In; within; existing at a location

欠陥

kekkan — Defect; flaw; shortcoming in something

存在

sonzai — Existence; presence; being somewhere

知ろう

shirou — Shall know; volitional form of shiru

如何

ika / ikaga — How; in what way; formal interrogative

熱心

nesshin — Enthusiastic; earnest; passionate effort

努め

tsutome — Effort; striving; stem of tsutomeru

か

ka — Question particle at end of sentence

顧みる

kaerimiru — To reflect on; to look back upon

なら

nara — If; conditional form expressing hypothesis

ば

ba — Conditional suffix meaning if or when

もし

moshi — If; supposing that; hypothetical opener

よう

you — It seems; like; in the manner of

少なく

sukunaku — At least; few; small in number

一部

ichibu — Part; some; a portion of the whole

つい

tsui — Unintentionally; just; recently; inadvertently

今日

kyou / konnichi — Today; the present day

まで

made — Until; up to; as far as

耳

mimi — Ear; the sense of hearing

はず

hazu — Expected; supposed to be the case

確信

kakushin — Conviction; firm belief; certainty

次第

shidai — Depending on; as soon as; order of things

抱く

idaku / daku — To hold; to embrace; to harbor a feeling