← The Prince

The Prince — Page 15

English → It Preface Level 8/10

Machiavelli was undoubtedly a man of great observation, acuteness, and industry; noting with appreciative eye whatever passed before him, and with his supreme literary gift turning it to account in his enforced retirement from affairs.

Machiavelli era indubbiamente un uomo di grande capacità di osservazione, acutezza e operosità; annotava con occhio apprezzativo tutto ciò che gli passava dinanzi, e con il suo supremo talento letterario ne traeva profitto nel suo forzato ritiro dagli affari.

He does not present himself, nor is he depicted by his contemporaries, as a type of that rare combination, the successful statesman and author, for he appears to have been only moderately prosperous in his several embassies and political employments.

Egli non si presenta, né viene ritratto dai suoi contemporanei, come un esempio di quella rara combinazione, lo statista e autore di successo, poiché sembra essere stato solo moderatamente fortunato nelle sue varie ambascerie e nei suoi incarichi politici.

He was misled by Catherina Sforza, ignored by Louis XII, overawed by Cesare Borgia; several of his embassies were quite barren of results; his attempts to fortify Florence failed, and the soldiery that he raised astonished everybody by their cowardice.

Fu ingannato da Caterina Sforza, ignorato da Luigi XII, soggiogato da Cesare Borgia; molte delle sue ambascerie furono del tutto prive di risultati; i suoi tentativi di fortificare Firenze fallirono, e la soldataglia che egli aveva reclutato stupì tutti per la propria viltà.

In the conduct of his own affairs he was timid and time-serving; he dared not appear by the side of Soderini, to whom he owed so much, for fear of compromising himself; his connection with the Medici was open to suspicion, and Giuliano appears to have recognized his real forte when he set him to write the "History of Florence," rather than employ him in the state.

Nella condotta dei propri affari era timido e opportunista; non osava apparire al fianco di Soderini, al quale doveva tanto, per paura di compromettersi; il suo legame con i Medici era aperto al sospetto, e Giuliano sembra aver riconosciuto il suo vero punto di forza quando lo incaricò di scrivere le "Storie fiorentine", piuttosto che impiegarlo nel governo dello stato.

And it is on the literary side of his character, and there alone, that we find no weakness and no failure.

Ed è sul versante letterario del suo carattere, e lì soltanto, che non troviamo alcuna debolezza e alcun fallimento.

Although the light of almost four centuries has been focused on _The Prince_, its problems are still debatable and interesting, because they are the eternal problems between the ruled and their rulers.

Sebbene la luce di quasi quattro secoli si sia concentrata sul _Principe_, i suoi problemi sono ancora dibattuti e interessanti, poiché sono gli eterni problemi tra i governati e i loro governanti.

Vocabulary

era
Was; third person singular imperfect of essere
indubbiamente
Undoubtedly; without any doubt
un
A, an; masculine indefinite article
uomo
Man; adult male human being
di
Of, from; common Italian preposition
grande
Great, large; of considerable size or importance
capacità
Capacity, ability; skill or aptitude for something
osservazione
Observation; act of carefully watching or noting things
acutezza
Sharpness, acuteness; keenness of intellect or perception
e
And; basic coordinating conjunction
operosità
Industriousness; quality of being hardworking and productive
annotava
Was noting down; imperfect of annotare, to annotate
con
With; preposition indicating accompaniment or manner
occhio
Eye; organ of sight; also figurative perspective
apprezzativo
Appreciative; showing appreciation or favorable judgment
tutto
Everything, all; totality without exception
ciò
That, this; demonstrative pronoun referring to things
che
That, which, who; versatile conjunction and pronoun
gli
To him; indirect object pronoun, also masculine plural article
passava
Was passing; imperfect of passare, to pass
dinanzi
Before, in front of; indicating position ahead or facing
il
The; masculine singular definite article
suo
His, her, its; third person singular possessive adjective
supremo
Supreme, highest; of the greatest degree or quality
talento
Talent; natural aptitude or exceptional skill
letterario
Literary; relating to literature or written works
ne
Of it, from it; pronoun replacing a prepositional phrase
traeva
Was drawing, deriving; imperfect of trarre
profitto
Profit, benefit; advantage gained from something
nel
In the; contraction of in + il
forzato
Forced, compelled; done under constraint or obligation
ritiro
Retreat, withdrawal; act of retiring from activity
dagli
From the; contraction of da + gli
affari
Affairs, business; matters of public or private concern
Egli
He; formal third person masculine subject pronoun
non
Not; basic negation word in Italian
si
Himself, itself; reflexive pronoun third person
presenta
Presents himself; third person of presentarsi
Nor, neither; negative correlative conjunction
viene
Comes, is; third person singular of venire
ritratto
Portrayed, depicted; past participle of ritrarre
dai
By the; contraction of da + i
suoi
His, her; plural form of suo possessive adjective
contemporanei
Contemporaries; people living in the same era
come
As, like, how; conjunction or adverb of comparison
esempio
Example; something serving as a model or illustration
quella
That; feminine singular demonstrative adjective
rara
Rare; uncommon, not frequently encountered
combinazione
Combination; union of different elements together
lo
The, him; masculine singular article or object pronoun
statista
Statesman; skilled and experienced political leader
autore
Author; person who writes literary or other works
successo
Success; favorable outcome or achievement
poiché
Since, because; causal conjunction introducing a reason
sembra
Seems, appears; third person singular of sembrare
essere
To be; fundamental Italian auxiliary and linking verb
stato
Been; past participle of essere; also state or nation
solo
Only, alone; indicating singularity or restriction
moderatamente
Moderately; in a moderate, not extreme degree
fortunato
Fortunate, lucky; favored by good fortune
nelle
In the; contraction of in + le
sue
His, her; feminine plural of suo possessive adjective
varie
Various, several; of different kinds or many
ambascerie
Embassies, diplomatic missions; formal diplomatic assignments
nei
In the; contraction of in + i
incarichi
Assignments, tasks; official duties or responsibilities
politici
Political; relating to politics or government affairs
Fu
Was; third person singular passato remoto of essere
ingannato
Deceived, tricked; past participle of ingannare
da
By, from; preposition of origin or agent
ignorato
Ignored; past participle of ignorare, to disregard
soggiogato
Subjugated, dominated; past participle of soggiogare
molte
Many; feminine plural of molto, a large number
delle
Of the; contraction of di + le
furono
Were; third person plural passato remoto of essere
del
Of the; contraction of di + il
prive
Lacking, devoid of; feminine plural of privo
risultati
Results, outcomes; plural of risultato
i
The; masculine plural definite article
tentativi
Attempts, tries; plural of tentativo
fortificare
To fortify; to strengthen defenses of a place
fallirono
Failed; third person plural passato remoto of fallire
la
The; feminine singular definite article
soldataglia
Rabble of soldiers; disorderly, undisciplined troops
egli
He; formal masculine third person subject pronoun
aveva
Had; third person singular imperfect of avere
reclutato
Recruited; past participle of reclutare, to enlist
stupì
Astonished, amazed; passato remoto of stupire
tutti
Everyone, all; masculine plural of tutto
per
For, through, by; versatile Italian preposition
propria
Own; feminine singular of proprio, one's own
viltà
Cowardice; base lack of courage or moral strength
Nella
In the; contraction of in + la
condotta
Conduct, behavior; way of acting or managing affairs
dei
Of the; contraction of di + i
propri
Own; masculine plural of proprio, one's own
timido
Timid, shy; lacking confidence or boldness
opportunista
Opportunist; person who exploits circumstances for advantage
osava
Dared; imperfect of osare, to dare or venture
apparire
To appear; to become visible or seem to be
al
At the, to the; contraction of a + il
fianco
Side, flank; lateral part of body or position
quale
Which, who; relative or interrogative pronoun
doveva
Had to, owed; imperfect of dovere, to must or owe
tanto
So much, so many; indicating a great degree or quantity
paura
Fear; feeling of anxiety about danger or threat
compromettersi
To compromise oneself; to risk one's reputation
legame
Bond, tie; connection linking people or things
aperto
Open; not closed; also frank or evident
sospetto
Suspicion; feeling that something is wrong or doubtful
aver
Having; infinitive of avere used in compound forms
riconosciuto
Recognized; past participle of riconoscere
vero
True, real; conforming to fact or reality
punto
Point; specific location, moment, or argument
forza
Strength, force; physical or moral power
quando
When; temporal conjunction or interrogative adverb
incaricò
Commissioned, assigned; passato remoto of incaricare
scrivere
To write; to compose or produce written text
le
The; feminine plural definite article; also to her
Storie
Histories, stories; plural of storia, narrative accounts
fiorentine
Florentine; feminine plural adjective relating to Florence
piuttosto
Rather, instead; indicating preference or alternative
impiegarlo
To employ him; infinitive of impiegare with pronoun
governo
Government; system or act of governing a state
dello
Of the; contraction of di + lo
Ed
And; variant of e used before vowels
è
Is; third person singular present of essere
sul
On the; contraction of su + il
versante
Side, slope; aspect or dimension of something
carattere
Character; personality traits or distinctive qualities
There; adverb indicating a specific place
soltanto
Only, merely; no more than what is stated
troviamo
We find; first person plural present of trovare
alcuna
Any, some; feminine singular indefinite adjective
debolezza
Weakness; lack of strength or a particular failing
alcun
Any; masculine singular indefinite adjective before consonant
fallimento
Failure; lack of success; also bankruptcy
Sebbene
Although, even though; concessive subordinating conjunction
luce
Light; also attention or public scrutiny
quasi
Almost, nearly; not quite reaching a full amount
quattro
Four; the cardinal number 4
secoli
Centuries; periods of one hundred years each
sia
Is, be; third person singular present subjunctive of essere
concentrata
Concentrated, focused; past participle of concentrare
Principe
Prince; also title of Machiavelli's famous political treatise
problemi
Problems, issues; difficulties requiring a solution
sono
Are; third person plural present of essere
ancora
Still, yet; continuing up to the present time
dibattuti
Debated; past participle of dibattere, to argue or discuss
interessanti
Interesting; arousing curiosity or holding attention
eterni
Eternal; lasting forever, without end or time limit
tra
Between, among; preposition indicating a middle position
governati
Governed; those who are ruled or led by others
loro
Their, them; third person plural pronoun or adjective
governanti
Rulers, governors; those who govern or hold power
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