The Prince — Page 2

Vocabulary

軽蔑

keibetsu — Contempt, scorn, looking down on someone

と

to — And; with; quotation particle

憎しみ

nikushimi — Hatred, animosity, strong dislike

を

wo — Object marker particle in Japanese grammar

避ける

sakeru — To avoid, evade, or keep away from

こと

koto — Thing, matter, fact (abstract noun)

に

ni — Directional or locative particle; to, at, in

ついて

tsuite — Concerning, about, regarding a topic

第

dai — Ordinal prefix meaning 'number' or 'chapter'

二十

nijuu — The number twenty

章

shō — Chapter or section of a book

要塞

yōsai — Fortress, stronghold, fortified military structure

および

oyobi — And, as well as (formal conjunction)

君主

kunshu — Monarch, sovereign, ruler of a state

が

ga — Subject marker particle in Japanese grammar

しばしば

shibashiba — Often, frequently, repeatedly

頼る

tayoru — To rely on, depend on, turn to

他

ta / hoka — Other, another, the rest

の

no — Possessive or linking particle

多く

ooku — Many, much, a large number of things

もの

mono — Thing, object, person (general noun)

は

wa — Topic marker particle in Japanese grammar

有益

yūeki — Beneficial, useful, profitable, advantageous

か

ka — Question particle; or (between alternatives)

有害

yūgai — Harmful, injurious, detrimental, dangerous

いかにして

ikanishite — How, by what means, in what way

名声

meisei — Fame, reputation, renown, prestige

得る

eru — To obtain, gain, acquire something

べき

beki — Should, ought to (obligation auxiliary)

側近

sokkin — Close aide, advisor, attendant to leader

お世辞

oseji — Flattery, compliment, empty praise

者

mono / sha — Person, one who does something

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or groups

なぜ

naze — Why, for what reason

その

sono — That, those (demonstrative adjective)

国家

kokka — Nation, state, country as a political entity

失った

ushinatta — Lost, forfeited (past tense of ushinau)

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb ending

運命

unmei — Fate, destiny, fortune

人間

ningen — Human being, mankind, person

事柄

kotogara — Matter, affair, circumstance, thing

おいて

oite — In, at, regarding (formal locative expression)

いかなる

ikanaru — What kind of, whatever, any sort of

力

chikara — Power, strength, force, ability

持ち

mochi — Holding, having, possessing (stem form)

それ

sore — That, it (demonstrative pronoun)

抗する

kōsuru — To resist, oppose, stand against

蛮族

banzoku — Barbarians, uncivilized foreign peoples

から

kara — From; because (particle of source/reason)

解放

kaihō — Liberation, release, emancipation from oppression

する

suru — To do, to perform an action

ため

tame — For the sake of, in order to

勧告

kankoku — Advice, recommendation, counsel, admonition

殺害

satsugai — Murder, killing, assassination of a person

し

shi — Conjunctive verb form; and, doing

際

sai — Occasion, time when something happens

用いた

mochiita — Used, employed (past tense of mochiiru)

方法

hōhō — Method, way, means, procedure

記述

kijutsu — Description, account, written record

生涯

shōgai — Life, lifetime, one's entire life span

年

nen — Year (counter and standalone noun)

月

tsuki / gatsu — Month; moon (counter and noun)

日

hi / nichi — Day; sun (counter and noun)

生まれる

umareru — To be born, to come into existence

まで

made — Until, up to, as far as

公職

kōshoku — Public office, government post or position

就き

tsuki — Taking up (a position), assuming a post

各地

kakuchi — Various places, different regions, everywhere

宮廷

kyūtei — Royal court, imperial palace court

へ

e — Directional particle meaning 'to' or 'toward'

外交

gaikō — Diplomacy, foreign affairs, international relations

使節

shisetsu — Envoy, diplomatic mission, representative

含む

fukumu — To include, contain, encompass

任務

ninmu — Mission, duty, assigned task or role

果たし

hatashi — Fulfilling, accomplishing (conjunctive stem form)

投獄

tōgoku — Imprisonment, incarceration, being jailed

さ

sa — Passive/nominalization suffix; also colloquial filler

れ

re — Passive verb suffix (passive auxiliary)

のち

nochi — Afterward, after that, later

追放

tsuihō — Exile, banishment, expulsion from a place

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting verb phrases

戻った

modotta — Returned, came back (past tense of modoru)

にて

nite — At, in (formal locative particle)

死去

shikyo — Death, passing away (formal expression)

序文

jobun — Preface, foreword, introductory text

生まれ

umare — Birth, origin, being born (noun/stem form)

彼

kare — He, him (third-person masculine pronoun)

ある程度

aru teido — To a certain extent, somewhat, fairly

名の知れた

na no shireta — Well-known, recognized, of noted reputation

法律家

hōritsuka — Lawyer, jurist, legal professional

妻

tsuma — Wife, one's own spouse (female)

次男

jinan — Second son, second-born male child

あった

atta — Was, existed (past tense of aru)

両親

ryōshin — Both parents, mother and father together

とも

tomo — Both, together, also (emphatic particle)

古い

furui — Old, ancient, aged (adjective)

貴族

kizoku — Aristocrat, noble, member of nobility

一員

ichiin — A member, one person of a group

自然

shizen — Nature; natural, spontaneous (noun/adjective)

三つ

mittsu — Three (things), three units

時期

jiki — Period, time, phase, season

分けられ

wakerareru — Divided, separated (passive form of wakeru)

それぞれ

sorezore — Each, respectively, individually

奇しくも

kushikumo — Strangely, remarkably, coincidentally, curiously

歴史

rekishi — History, historical record or events

独自

dokuji — Original, unique, distinctive, one's own

かつ

katsu — And also, moreover (formal conjunction)

重要な

jūyō na — Important, significant, crucial

時代

jidai — Era, age, period of history

形成

keisei — Formation, shaping, building up of something

いる

iru — To exist, to be (animate beings)