The Prince — Page 7

Vocabulary

しかし

shikashi — Conjunction meaning 'however' or 'but'.

君主論

kunshuron — 'The Prince'; Machiavelli's famous political treatise.

において

ni oite — Formal particle phrase meaning 'in' or 'at'.

は

wa — Topic-marking particle in Japanese grammar.

公爵

kōshaku — Duke; a high-ranking European noble title.

実際

jissai — In reality; actually; in practice.

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle in Japanese.

ところ

tokoro — Place; point; situation or circumstance.

他者

tasha — Another person; others; a third party.

運勢

unsei — Fortune; luck; one's destiny or fate.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or time.

乗じ

nōji — To take advantage of; to exploit an opportunity.

て

te — Conjunctive particle linking sequential actions.

立身

risshin — Rising in life; achieving social advancement.

し

shi — Conjunctive form of する; also lists reasons.

その

sono — That; the aforementioned (demonstrative adjective).

と

to — Particle meaning 'and', 'with', or quotation marker.

とも

tomo — Together with; also; both.

没落

botsuraku — Downfall; ruin; decline of a person or family.

する

suru — To do; general-purpose action verb.

人物

jinbutsu — Person; figure; character of note.

典型

tenkei — Typical example; archetype; representative case.

として

to shite — As; in the capacity of; regarded as.

引用

in'yō — Quotation; citing a passage or person as example.

さ

sa — Passive/nominalizing suffix; softening sentence-final particle.

れ

re — Passive auxiliary verb stem indicating something is done.

いる

iru — To exist (animate); auxiliary indicating ongoing state.

すなわち

sunawachi — That is to say; namely; in other words.

思慮

shiryo — Prudence; careful deliberation; thoughtful consideration.

ある

aru — To exist (inanimate); to have; to be.

人間

ningen — Human being; person; mankind.

期待

kitai — Expectation; hope; anticipation of a result.

れる

reru — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix.

あらゆる

arayuru — All; every possible; every kind of.

手段

shudan — Means; method; measure taken to achieve something.

を

wo — Object-marking particle indicating direct object.

講じ

kōji — To take (measures); to devise and implement steps.

ながら

nagara — While doing; although; simultaneous action conjunction.

ただ

tada — Only; merely; just; free of charge.

自ら

mizukara — Oneself; by one's own effort or initiative.

救う

sukuu — To save; to rescue; to help someone in need.

で

de — Particle indicating location of action or means.

あろう

arō — Probably is; volitional/presumptive form of ある.

のみ

nomi — Only; nothing but; exclusively (formal usage).

採ら

tora — Stem of 採る; to adopt, take, or choose measures.

ず

zu — Negative conjunctive suffix; without doing something.

不測

fusoku — Unforeseen; unexpected; unpredictable circumstances.

事態

jitai — Situation; state of affairs; serious circumstances.

備え

sonae — Preparation; provision against future contingencies.

起こる

okoru — To occur; to happen; to take place.

い

i — Stem of いる; continuative auxiliary verb form.

ない

nai — Negative adjective; not; does not exist.

あり

ari — Conjunctive form of ある; existence or presence.

能力

nōryoku — Ability; capability; capacity to perform tasks.

が

ga — Subject-marking particle or conjunctive 'but'.

尽き

tsuki — To run out; to be exhausted; to reach a limit.

窮地

kyūchi — Desperate situation; predicament; tight corner.

脱する

dassuru — To escape from; to get out of a difficult situation.

こと

koto — Thing; fact; nominalizer for verb phrases.

でき

deki — Stem of できる; to be able to; to be possible.

なく

naku — Conjunctive negative form; without; not being.

なる

naru — To become; to turn into; to result in.

それ

sore — That; it; referring to something previously mentioned.

過ち

ayamachi — Mistake; error; fault; wrongdoing.

異常

ijō — Abnormality; unusual state; something out of the ordinary.

かつ

katsu — And; moreover; at the same time (formal conjunction).

予期

yoki — Anticipation; expectation; foreseeing an event.

せ

se — Causative stem of する; makes someone do something.

ぬ

nu — Classical negative auxiliary; equivalent to ない.

運命

unmei — Fate; destiny; one's predetermined course of life.

仕業

shiwaza — Doing; act; deed (often implying blame or mischief).

あっ

a(t) — Contracted past form of ある; 'it was'.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary; indicates completed action.

叫ぶ

sakebu — To shout; to cry out; to exclaim loudly.

年

nen — Year; counter for years.

世

sei — Generation; reign; used to number monarchs or popes.

死去

shikyo — Death; passing away (formal or official usage).

際し

kisai — On the occasion of; at the time of an event.

後継者

kōkeisha — Successor; heir; person who takes over a position.

選出

senshutsu — Election; selection of a person for a position.

見届ける

mitodokeru — To witness to the end; to see something through completely.

ため

tame — For the purpose of; for the sake of; because of.

へ

e — Directional particle meaning 'toward' or 'to'.

派遣

haken — Dispatch; sending someone on an official mission.

そこ

soko — There; that place; that location.

彼

kare — He; him; that man.

欺か

azamuka — Stem of 欺く; to deceive, trick, or mislead someone.

枢機卿

sūkikyō — Cardinal; high-ranking Catholic Church official.

団

dan — Group; body; organization of people.

選択

sentaku — Choice; selection; option chosen from alternatives.

委ねる

yudaneru — To entrust; to leave something in someone's hands.

目撃

mokugeki — Witnessing; seeing an event firsthand as an eyewitness.

最も

mottomo — Most; extremely; to the greatest degree.

恐れる

osoreru — To fear; to be afraid of; to dread.

理由

riyū — Reason; cause; grounds for an action or belief.

持つ

motsu — To hold; to have; to possess something.

一人

hitori — One person; alone; by oneself.

この

kono — This (demonstrative adjective modifying a noun).

について

ni tsuite — About; concerning; regarding a topic.

論評

ronpyō — Commentary; critical review; analytical remarks on something.

際

sai — Occasion; time; opportunity; at the time of.

新た

arata — New; fresh; renewed (na-adjective form).

な

na — Na-adjective connective or negative imperative particle.

恩恵

onkei — Benefit; favor; grace; blessings received from another.

高貴

kōki — Noble; lofty; of high rank or dignified character.

旧来

Traditional; old; long-established; from former times.

怨恨

enkon — Grudge; deep resentment; lasting hatred toward someone.

忘れ

wasure — Stem of 忘れる; to forget; to let slip from memory.

させる

saseru — Causative auxiliary; to make or let someone do something.

考える

kangaeru — To think; to consider; to ponder a matter.

者

mono — Person; one who; individual (often suffix after role).

欺い

azamui — Conjunctive form of 欺く; having deceived someone.

述べ

nobe — Stem of 述べる; to state, express, or describe.

破滅

hametsu — Ruin; destruction; complete downfall of a person.

せる

seru — Causative auxiliary verb suffix; to cause or allow.

まで

made — Until; up to; as far as (limit marker).

けっして

kesshite — Never; by no means (used with negative predicates).

手

te — Hand; means; method; a move in a game.

休め

yasume — Stem/imperative of 休める; to rest, pause, or stop.

なかっ

naka(t) — Past negative conjunctive form; was not; did not.

もと

moto — Under; at the time of; based on; origin.

教皇

kyōkō — Pope; the head of the Roman Catholic Church.

遠征

ensei — Expedition; military campaign to a distant place.

開始

kaishi — Start; commencement; beginning of an activity.

時期

jiki — Time; period; season; appropriate timing.

成功

seikō — Success; achievement; accomplishing a goal.

裏

ura — Back side; behind; secretly; with (success/failure nuance).

収め

osame — Stem of 収める; to achieve, obtain, or put away.

多く

ōku — Many; much; a large number or quantity.

他

ta / hoka — Other; another; the rest; different things.

冒険

bōken — Adventure; risk-taking; a daring venture or endeavor.

も

mo — Also; too; even; inclusive particle.

同様

dōyō — Likewise; similarly; in the same way.

主として

shū to shite — Mainly; chiefly; primarily; for the most part.

猛烈

mōretsu — Fierce; intense; violent; extremely forceful nature.

気性

kishō — Temperament; disposition; natural character of a person.

による

ni yoru — Due to; caused by; based on; by means of.

もの

mono — Thing; object; nominalizer conveying reason or emotion.

言及

genkyū — Mention; reference; bringing up a topic in discussion.

つつ

tsutsu — While; even while (simultaneous or contrasting actions).

女性

josei — Woman; female; the female gender.

類似

ruiji — Resemblance; similarity; likeness between things.

教訓

kyōkun — Lesson; moral; instructive teaching drawn from experience.

説き

toki — Stem of 説く; to preach, explain, or advocate a view.

両者

ryōsha — Both parties; the two sides; both persons mentioned.

勝ち取り

kachitori — Winning; gaining by effort; seizing through struggle.

手中

shūchū — In one's hands; within one's grasp or control.

収める

osameru — To achieve; to obtain; to bring under control.

慎重

shinchō — Cautious; careful; prudent; acting with due deliberation.

より

yori — Than; from; more than (comparative or origin particle).

大胆

daitan — Bold; daring; audacious; courageous in action.

結論

ketsuron — Conclusion; final determination reached after reasoning.

づけ

zuke — Suffix meaning 'to categorize as' or 'to conclude'.