The Republic — Page 6
And many of the latest conceptions of modern thinkers and statesmen, such as the unity of knowledge, the reign of law, and the equality of the sexes, have been anticipated in a dream by him.
Und viele der neuesten Vorstellungen moderner Denker und Staatsmänner, wie die Einheit des Wissens, die Herrschaft des Gesetzes und die Gleichheit der Geschlechter, wurden von ihm in einem Traum vorweggenommen.
The argument of the Republic is the search after Justice, the nature of which is first hinted at by Cephalus, the just and blameless old man—then discussed on the basis of proverbial morality by Socrates and Polemarchus—then caricatured by Thrasymachus and partially explained by Socrates—reduced to an abstraction by Glaucon and Adeimantus, and having become invisible in the individual reappears at length in the ideal State which is constructed by Socrates.
Das Thema der Republik ist die Suche nach der Gerechtigkeit, deren Natur zunächst von Kephalos, dem gerechten und tadellosen alten Mann, angedeutet wird — dann von Sokrates und Polemarchos auf der Grundlage sprichwörtlicher Moral erörtert wird — dann von Thrasymachos verzerrt und von Sokrates teilweise erklärt wird — von Glaukon und Adeimantos auf eine Abstraktion reduziert wird, und nachdem sie im Einzelnen unsichtbar geworden ist, tritt sie schließlich wieder im idealen Staat in Erscheinung, der von Sokrates konstruiert wird.
The first care of the rulers is to be education, of which an outline is drawn after the old Hellenic model, providing only for an improved religion and morality, and more simplicity in music and gymnastic, a manlier strain of poetry, and greater harmony of the individual and the State.
Die erste Aufgabe der Herrscher soll die Erziehung sein, deren Grundriss nach dem alten hellenischen Vorbild entworfen wird und nur eine verbesserte Religion und Moral vorsieht, sowie mehr Schlichtheit in Musik und Gymnastik, einen mannhafteren Ton in der Dichtung und eine größere Harmonie zwischen dem Einzelnen und dem Staat.
We are thus led on to the conception of a higher State, in which 'no man calls anything his own,' and in which there is neither 'marrying nor giving in marriage,' and 'kings are philosophers' and 'philosophers are kings;' and there is another and higher education, intellectual as well as moral and religious, of science as well as of art, and not of youth only but of the whole of life.
Wir werden so zur Vorstellung eines höheren Staates geführt, in dem ‚kein Mensch etwas sein Eigenes nennt' und in dem es weder ‚Heiraten noch Verheiraten gibt', und ‚Könige sind Philosophen' und ‚Philosophen sind Könige'; und es gibt eine weitere und höhere Bildung, intellektuell wie auch moralisch und religiös, der Wissenschaft wie auch der Kunst, und nicht nur der Jugend, sondern des gesamten Lebens.
Such a State is hardly to be realized in this world and quickly degenerates.
Ein solcher Staat ist in dieser Welt kaum zu verwirklichen und verfällt schnell.
Vocabulary
- viele
- Many; a large number of something
- neuesten
- Most recent; latest version or instance of something
- Vorstellungen
- Ideas, conceptions, or mental representations
- moderner
- Modern; relating to contemporary or recent times
- Denker
- Thinker; a person who thinks deeply about ideas
- Staatsmänner
- Statesmen; experienced and respected political leaders
- Einheit
- Unity; the state of being one or unified
- Wissens
- Of knowledge; genitive form of Wissen
- Herrschaft
- Rule, dominion, or authority over others
- Gesetzes
- Of the law; genitive form of Gesetz
- Gleichheit
- Equality; the state of being equal
- Geschlechter
- Genders or sexes; plural of Geschlecht
- wurden
- Were; past passive auxiliary verb form
- Traum
- Dream; images or thoughts occurring during sleep
- vorweggenommen
- Anticipated; taken up or conceived beforehand
- Thema
- Theme or topic; the main subject of discussion
- Republik
- Republic; a form of government with elected officials
- Suche
- Search; the act of looking for something
- Gerechtigkeit
- Justice; the quality of being fair and righteous
- deren
- Whose; relative or demonstrative pronoun in genitive
- Natur
- Nature; the inherent character or essence of something
- zunächst
- At first; initially or to begin with
- gerechten
- Just, righteous; adjective in inflected form
- tadellosen
- Blameless, impeccable; without fault or flaw
- alten
- Old; adjective in inflected attributive form
- Mann
- Man; an adult male human being
- angedeutet
- Hinted at; indicated or suggested indirectly
- Grundlage
- Basis or foundation; underlying principle or ground
- sprichwörtlicher
- Proverbial; relating to or like a proverb
- Moral
- Morality; principles distinguishing right from wrong
- erörtert
- Discussed, examined; debated in detail
- verzerrt
- Distorted; twisted or misrepresented
- teilweise
- Partially; in part, not completely
- erklärt
- Explained; made clear or declared
- Abstraktion
- Abstraction; a general concept removed from specifics
- reduziert
- Reduced; simplified or brought down to essentials
- nachdem
- After; subordinating conjunction indicating sequence
- Einzelnen
- In detail; individually or in particular cases
- unsichtbar
- Invisible; not able to be seen
- geworden
- Become; past participle of werden
- tritt
- Appears or steps; third-person singular of treten
- schließlich
- Finally; eventually or in the end
- wieder
- Again; once more or back
- idealen
- Ideal; perfect or existing as a standard model
- Staat
- State; a politically organized community or nation
- Erscheinung
- Appearance; phenomenon or manifestation
- konstruiert
- Constructed; built or developed systematically
- erste
- First; coming before all others in order
- Aufgabe
- Task or duty; a responsibility or assignment
- Herrscher
- Ruler; a person who governs or holds power
- soll
- Should or is supposed to; modal auxiliary verb
- Erziehung
- Education or upbringing; raising and instructing children
- Grundriss
- Outline or blueprint; basic plan or floor plan
- hellenischen
- Hellenic; relating to ancient Greek culture
- Vorbild
- Model or example; a person or thing to emulate
- entworfen
- Designed or drafted; planned in outline form
- verbesserte
- Improved; made better or corrected
- Religion
- Religion; a system of spiritual belief and practice
- vorsieht
- Provides for; foresees or stipulates in a plan
- sowie
- As well as; and also — conjunction
- Schlichtheit
- Simplicity; plainness or lack of ornamentation
- Musik
- Music; organized sound as art form
- Gymnastik
- Gymnastics or physical exercise; bodily training
- mannhafteren
- More manly or courageous; bolder in character
- Ton
- Tone; character, sound, or manner of expression
- Dichtung
- Poetry or literature; written imaginative expression
- größere
- Greater; larger or more significant
- Harmonie
- Harmony; agreement or pleasing combination of elements
- zwischen
- Between; in the space separating two things
- Vorstellung
- Idea, concept, or notion; mental image of something
- höheren
- Higher; elevated or superior in level or degree
- Staates
- Of the state; genitive form of Staat
- geführt
- Led; guided or brought to a place or conclusion
- kein
- No, none; negating article indicating absence
- Mensch
- Person, human being; a member of humanity
- etwas
- Something; an unspecified thing or amount
- Eigenes
- Something one's own; personal or private property
- nennt
- Calls or names; third-person singular of nennen
- weder
- Neither; used in weder…noch construction
- Heiraten
- Marrying; the act of getting married
- noch
- Nor; still or yet — used in negations
- Verheiraten
- Giving in marriage; arranging marriage for others
- Könige
- Kings; plural of König, male monarchs
- Philosophen
- Philosophers; thinkers who pursue wisdom and truth
- weitere
- Further, additional; more beyond what exists
- höhere
- Higher; advanced or elevated in rank or quality
- Bildung
- Education or culture; intellectual and moral formation
- intellektuell
- Intellectual; relating to the intellect or reasoning
- moralisch
- Moral; relating to principles of right conduct
- religiös
- Religious; relating to or devoted to religion
- Wissenschaft
- Science or scholarship; systematic knowledge pursuit
- Kunst
- Art; creative expression in visual or performing arts
- Jugend
- Youth; the period of being young
- sondern
- But rather; corrective conjunction after negation
- gesamten
- Entire, whole; comprising all parts
- Lebens
- Of life; genitive form of Leben
- solcher
- Such a; demonstrative adjective of this kind
- Welt
- World; the earth or the realm of existence
- kaum
- Hardly, barely; almost not at all
- verwirklichen
- To realize or achieve; to make something a reality
- verfällt
- Decays or deteriorates; falls into ruin
- schnell
- Fast, quickly; at high speed
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