The Republic — Page 7
To the perfect ideal succeeds the government of the soldier and the lover of honour, this again declining into democracy, and democracy into tyranny, in an imaginary but regular order having not much resemblance to the actual facts.
Auf das vollkommene Ideal folgt die Herrschaft des Soldaten und des Ehrliebenden, die wiederum in die Demokratie übergeht und die Demokratie in die Tyrannei, in einer imaginären, aber regelmäßigen Ordnung, die der Wirklichkeit nicht sehr ähnelt.
The subject is then changed and the old quarrel of poetry and philosophy which had been more lightly treated in the earlier books of the Republic is now resumed and fought out to a conclusion.
Das Thema wird dann gewechselt, und der alte Streit zwischen Dichtung und Philosophie, der in den früheren Büchern der Politeia leichter behandelt worden war, wird nun wieder aufgenommen und bis zu einem Schluss ausgefochten.
Poetry is discovered to be an imitation thrice removed from the truth, and Homer, as well as the dramatic poets, having been condemned as an imitator, is sent into banishment along with them.
Die Dichtung wird als eine dreifach von der Wahrheit entfernte Nachahmung erkannt, und Homer wird ebenso wie die dramatischen Dichter als Nachahmer verurteilt und zusammen mit ihnen in die Verbannung geschickt.
And the idea of the State is supplemented by the revelation of a future life.
Und die Idee des Staates wird durch die Offenbarung eines zukünftigen Lebens ergänzt.
The division into books, like all similar divisions (Cp. Sir G.C. Lewis in the Classical Museum, vol. ii. p 1.), is probably later than the age of Plato.
Die Einteilung in Bücher ist, wie alle ähnlichen Einteilungen (vgl. Sir G.C. Lewis im Classical Museum, Bd. ii. S. 1.), wahrscheinlich jünger als das Zeitalter Platons.
the first book containing a refutation of the popular and sophistical notions of justice, and concluding, like some of the earlier Dialogues, without arriving at any definite result.
wobei das erste Buch eine Widerlegung der volkstümlichen und sophistischen Vorstellungen von Gerechtigkeit enthält und, wie einige der früheren Dialoge, endet, ohne zu einem bestimmten Ergebnis zu gelangen.
Vocabulary
- Auf
- On, upon; a preposition indicating position or direction.
- das
- The; neuter definite article in German.
- vollkommene
- Perfect, complete; describing something without flaws.
- Ideal
- Ideal; a perfect standard or model to aspire to.
- folgt
- Follows; third-person singular present of folgen.
- die
- The; feminine or plural definite article in German.
- Herrschaft
- Rule, dominion; authority or control over others.
- des
- Of the; genitive masculine/neuter definite article.
- Soldaten
- Soldiers; plural of Soldat, military personnel.
- und
- And; basic coordinating conjunction connecting words or clauses.
- wiederum
- In turn, again; indicating a reversal or repetition.
- in
- In, into; preposition indicating location or direction.
- Demokratie
- Democracy; a system of government by the people.
- übergeht
- Transitions into; passes or changes from one state to another.
- Tyrannei
- Tyranny; oppressive and cruel exercise of power.
- einer
- A, one; indefinite article in feminine/genitive form.
- imaginären
- Imaginary; existing only in the mind or imagination.
- aber
- But, however; conjunction indicating contrast or exception.
- regelmäßigen
- Regular, orderly; occurring at consistent intervals or patterns.
- Ordnung
- Order, system; an organized and structured arrangement.
- der
- The; masculine definite article or genitive feminine article.
- Wirklichkeit
- Reality; the actual state of things as they exist.
- nicht
- Not; negation particle used to negate verbs or adjectives.
- sehr
- Very, much; intensifying adverb modifying adjectives or adverbs.
- ähnelt
- Resembles; third-person singular of ähneln, to be similar.
- Das
- The; neuter definite article or demonstrative pronoun.
- Thema
- Topic, theme; the main subject under discussion.
- wird
- Becomes, will; auxiliary verb for future or passive constructions.
- dann
- Then; adverb indicating time sequence or consequence.
- gewechselt
- Changed, switched; past participle of wechseln, to change.
- alte
- Old; adjective describing something of considerable age.
- Streit
- Dispute, quarrel; a conflict or argument between parties.
- zwischen
- Between; preposition indicating a position among two things.
- Dichtung
- Poetry, literature; creative written works, especially verse.
- Philosophie
- Philosophy; the study of fundamental questions about existence.
- den
- The; accusative masculine or dative plural definite article.
- früheren
- Earlier, former; referring to a previous time or version.
- Büchern
- Books; dative plural of Buch, written or printed works.
- leichter
- Easier, lighter; comparative form of leicht.
- behandelt
- Treated, dealt with; past participle of behandeln.
- worden
- Been; auxiliary past participle used in passive constructions.
- war
- Was; simple past tense of sein, to be.
- nun
- Now, at this point; adverb indicating the present moment.
- wieder
- Again; adverb indicating repetition of an action.
- aufgenommen
- Taken up, resumed; past participle of aufnehmen.
- bis
- Until, up to; preposition indicating a limit or endpoint.
- zu
- To, at; preposition indicating direction or purpose.
- einem
- A, one; dative indefinite article for masculine/neuter nouns.
- Schluss
- Conclusion, end; the final part of something.
- Die
- The; feminine or plural definite article in German.
- als
- As, than; conjunction used in comparisons or descriptions.
- eine
- A, one; feminine indefinite article in German.
- dreifach
- Threefold, triple; occurring or existing three times over.
- von
- Of, from; preposition indicating origin or belonging.
- Wahrheit
- Truth; that which is true or in accordance with reality.
- entfernte
- Removed, distant; adjective meaning far away or separated.
- Nachahmung
- Imitation, mimicry; the act of copying something or someone.
- erkannt
- Recognized, identified; past participle of erkennen.
- ebenso
- Likewise, just as; adverb indicating equal manner or degree.
- wie
- How, as, like; conjunction or adverb for comparisons.
- dramatischen
- Dramatic; relating to drama or theatrical performance.
- Dichter
- Poet; a person who writes poetry or literary works.
- Nachahmer
- Imitator; one who copies or mimics another's work.
- verurteilt
- Condemned; judged guilty and sentenced or denounced.
- zusammen
- Together; adverb indicating joint action or combination.
- mit
- With; preposition indicating accompaniment or means.
- ihnen
- Them, to them; third-person plural dative pronoun.
- Verbannung
- Banishment, exile; the act of expelling someone from a place.
- geschickt
- Sent; past participle of schicken, to send.
- Und
- And; basic coordinating conjunction connecting clauses.
- Idee
- Idea; a thought, concept, or mental representation.
- Staates
- Of the state; genitive form of Staat, political community.
- durch
- Through, by means of; preposition indicating means or passage.
- Offenbarung
- Revelation; the disclosure of something previously unknown.
- eines
- Of a; genitive indefinite article for masculine/neuter nouns.
- zukünftigen
- Future; relating to or occurring in time yet to come.
- Lebens
- Of life; genitive form of Leben, existence or living.
- ergänzt
- Supplemented, completed; past participle of ergänzen.
- Einteilung
- Division, classification; the act of organizing into sections.
- Bücher
- Books; plural of Buch, written or printed publications.
- ist
- Is; third-person singular present tense of sein, to be.
- alle
- All, every; adjective or pronoun referring to an entire group.
- ähnlichen
- Similar; adjective describing things resembling one another.
- Einteilungen
- Divisions; plural of Einteilung, organized classifications.
- im
- In the; contraction of in dem, dative masculine/neuter.
- Museum
- Museum; a place housing collections of artifacts or publications.
- wahrscheinlich
- Probably, likely; adverb expressing a high degree of probability.
- jünger
- Younger, more recent; comparative form of jung.
- Zeitalter
- Age, era; a distinct period of historical time.
- wobei
- Whereby, in which; conjunction introducing a relative clause.
- erste
- First; ordinal number indicating the beginning position.
- Buch
- Book; a written or printed work bound together.
- Widerlegung
- Refutation; the act of disproving an argument or claim.
- volkstümlichen
- Popular, folk; relating to common people's traditions or beliefs.
- Vorstellungen
- Ideas, conceptions; mental images or notions about something.
- Gerechtigkeit
- Justice; the quality of being fair and morally right.
- enthält
- Contains; third-person singular of enthalten, to include.
- einige
- Some, a few; indefinite pronoun indicating a small number.
- Dialoge
- Dialogues; conversations or literary works in dialogue form.
- endet
- Ends; third-person singular of enden, to come to a close.
- ohne
- Without; preposition indicating the absence of something.
- bestimmten
- Definite, specific; adjective meaning clearly defined or determined.
- Ergebnis
- Result, outcome; the final product or conclusion of a process.
- gelangen
- To reach, to arrive at; to attain a destination or goal.
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