The Republic — Page 8
To this is appended a restatement of the nature of justice according to common opinion, and an answer is demanded to the question—What is justice, stripped of appearances?
Dem wird eine Neudarstellung des Wesens der Gerechtigkeit gemäß der allgemeinen Meinung hinzugefügt, und eine Antwort auf die Frage wird gefordert – Was ist Gerechtigkeit, ihrer äußeren Erscheinung entkleidet?
The second division (2) includes the remainder of the second and the whole of the third and fourth books, which are mainly occupied with the construction of the first State and the first education.
Der zweite Abschnitt (2) umfasst den Rest des zweiten sowie das gesamte dritte und vierte Buch, die hauptsächlich mit dem Aufbau des ersten Staates und der ersten Erziehung befasst sind.
The third division (3) consists of the fifth, sixth, and seventh books, in which philosophy rather than justice is the subject of enquiry, and the second State is constructed on principles of communism and ruled by philosophers, and the contemplation of the idea of good takes the place of the social and political virtues.
Der dritte Abschnitt (3) besteht aus dem fünften, sechsten und siebten Buch, in denen weniger die Gerechtigkeit als vielmehr die Philosophie Gegenstand der Untersuchung ist, und der zweite Staat wird auf Grundsätzen des Gemeinbesitzes errichtet und von Philosophen regiert, und die Betrachtung der Idee des Guten tritt an die Stelle der gesellschaftlichen und politischen Tugenden.
In the eighth and ninth books (4) the perversions of States and of the individuals who correspond to them are reviewed in succession; and the nature of pleasure and the principle of tyranny are further analysed in the individual man.
Im achten und neunten Buch (4) werden die Entartungen der Staaten und der ihnen entsprechenden Einzelpersonen der Reihe nach betrachtet; und das Wesen der Lust sowie das Prinzip der Tyrannei werden im einzelnen Menschen weiter analysiert.
The tenth book (5) is the conclusion of the whole, in which the relations of philosophy to poetry are finally determined, and the happiness of the citizens in this life, which has now been assured, is crowned by the vision of another.
Das zehnte Buch (5) ist der Abschluss des Ganzen, in dem das Verhältnis der Philosophie zur Dichtung endgültig bestimmt wird und das Glück der Bürger in diesem Leben, das nunmehr gesichert ist, durch die Vision eines anderen gekrönt wird.
Vocabulary
- Dem
- To the; dative case of the definite article.
- wird
- Will be; present passive auxiliary verb.
- eine
- A, an; indefinite article feminine or accusative.
- des
- Of the; genitive case of the definite article.
- Wesens
- Essence, nature, or fundamental character of something.
- der
- The; definite article feminine or genitive plural.
- Gerechtigkeit
- Justice; the principle of fairness and righteousness.
- gemäß
- According to; in accordance with or as per.
- allgemeinen
- General; common or widely held and applicable.
- Meinung
- Opinion; a personal belief or viewpoint on matter.
- hinzugefügt
- Added; joined or appended to something existing.
- und
- And; conjunction linking words or clauses together.
- Antwort
- Answer; a response to a question or request.
- auf
- On, upon; preposition indicating position or direction.
- die
- The; definite article feminine or accusative plural.
- Frage
- Question; an inquiry seeking information or response.
- gefordert
- Demanded; required or requested with authority.
- Was
- What; interrogative pronoun asking for information.
- ist
- Is; present tense third-person singular of sein.
- ihrer
- Their, her; possessive pronoun genitive or dative.
- äußeren
- External, outer; relating to the outside appearance.
- Erscheinung
- Appearance; the way something looks or seems.
- Der
- The; definite article masculine nominative singular.
- zweite
- Second; coming after the first in sequence.
- Abschnitt
- Section, passage; a distinct part of text.
- umfasst
- Comprises, includes; contains or encompasses within scope.
- den
- The; definite article masculine or accusative plural.
- Rest
- Rest, remainder; what is left over remaining.
- zweiten
- Second; the ordinal number after first in.
- sowie
- As well as; and also in addition to.
- das
- The; definite article neuter nominative or accusative.
- gesamte
- Entire, whole; complete without parts omitted.
- dritte
- Third; coming after second in order.
- vierte
- Fourth; coming after third in sequence.
- Buch
- Book; a written or printed literary work.
- hauptsächlich
- Mainly, primarily; for the most part chiefly.
- mit
- With; expressing accompaniment or association.
- dem
- The; definite article neuter dative singular.
- Aufbau
- Construction, structure; the way something is built.
- ersten
- First; coming before all others in order.
- Staates
- State; a political community or nation.
- Erziehung
- Education; teaching and upbringing of children.
- befasst
- Deals with, concerns; occupies oneself with subject.
- sind
- Are; present tense plural of verb sein.
- besteht
- Consists; is composed or made up.
- aus
- From, out of; indicating origin or composition.
- fünften
- Fifth; coming after fourth in sequence.
- sechsten
- Sixth; coming after fifth in sequence.
- siebten
- Seventh; coming after sixth in sequence.
- in
- In; preposition indicating position within container.
- denen
- Which, in which; relative pronoun plural.
- weniger
- Less; smaller in quantity or degree.
- als
- Than, as; used in comparisons or while.
- vielmehr
- Rather; on the contrary or instead actually.
- Philosophie
- Philosophy; the study of knowledge and existence.
- Gegenstand
- Object, subject; a thing or topic.
- Untersuchung
- Investigation, examination; a careful study.
- Staat
- State; a political community or organized.
- Grundsätzen
- Principles, maxims; fundamental rules or basis.
- errichtet
- Erected, built; constructed or established.
- von
- By, from; indicating agent or origin.
- Philosophen
- Philosophers; people who study philosophy.
- regiert
- Governed, ruled; exercised authority.
- Betrachtung
- Consideration, contemplation; viewing thoughtfully.
- Idee
- Idea; a thought or conceptual notion.
- Guten
- Good; that which is beneficial morally.
- tritt
- Steps, appears; comes into being.
- an
- At, on; preposition indicating position.
- Stelle
- Place, position; a specific location situation.
- gesellschaftlichen
- Social; relating to society as whole.
- politischen
- Political; relating to government or state.
- Tugenden
- Virtues; morally excellent qualities.
- Im
- In the; contraction of in dem.
- achten
- Eighth; coming after seventh in.
- neunten
- Ninth; coming after eighth in.
- werden
- Will, become; auxiliary or main verb.
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