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The Republic — Page 4

English → It INTRODUCTION AND ANALYSIS. Level 9/10

We can only guess why the great design was abandoned; perhaps because Plato became sensible of some incongruity in a fictitious history, or because he had lost his interest in it, or because advancing years forbade the completion of it; and we may please ourselves with the fancy that had this imaginary narrative ever been finished, we should have found Plato himself sympathising with the struggle for Hellenic independence (cp. Laws, iii. 698 ff.), singing a hymn of triumph over Marathon and Salamis, perhaps making the reflection of Herodotus (v. 78) where he contemplates the growth of the Athenian empire—'How brave a thing is freedom of speech, which has made the Athenians so far exceed every other state of Hellas in greatness!' or, more probably, attributing the victory to the ancient good order of Athens and to the favor of Apollo and Athene (cp. Introd. to Critias).

Possiamo solo immaginare perché il grande disegno fu abbandonato; forse perché Platone si rese conto di una certa incongruità in una storia fittizia, o perché aveva perso il suo interesse in essa, o perché l'avanzare degli anni gli impedì di completarla; e possiamo compiacerci con la fantasia che, se questa narrativa immaginaria fosse mai stata completata, avremmo trovato Platone stesso partecipare con simpatia alla lotta per l'indipendenza ellenica (cfr. Leggi, iii. 698 ss.), cantando un inno di trionfo su Maratona e Salamina, forse riflettendo come Erodoto (v. 78) là dove contempla la crescita dell'impero ateniese — 'Quanto nobile cosa è la libertà di parola, che ha fatto sì che gli Ateniesi superassero di gran lunga ogni altro stato dell'Ellade in grandezza!' o, più probabilmente, attribuendo la vittoria all'antico buon ordine di Atene e al favore di Apollo e Atena (cfr. Introd. al Crizia).

Again, Plato may be regarded as the 'captain' ('arhchegoz') or leader of a goodly band of followers; for in the Republic is to be found the original of Cicero's De Republica, of St. Augustine's City of God, of the Utopia of Sir Thomas More, and of the numerous other imaginary States which are framed upon the same model.

Inoltre, Platone può essere considerato il 'capitano' ('archegós') o guida di una bella schiera di seguaci; poiché nella Repubblica si trova l'originale del De Republica di Cicerone, della Città di Dio di Sant'Agostino, dell'Utopia di Sir Thomas More, e dei numerosi altri Stati immaginari che sono modellati sullo stesso schema.

The extent to which Aristotle or the Aristotelian school were indebted to him in the Politics has been little recognised, and the recognition is the more necessary because it is not made by Aristotle himself.

La misura in cui Aristotele o la scuola aristotelica fossero in debito con lui nella Politica è stata poco riconosciuta, e il riconoscimento è tanto più necessario in quanto non viene fatto da Aristotele stesso.

Vocabulary

Possiamo
We can; first person plural of potere
solo
Only, just, alone
immaginare
To imagine, to picture in one's mind
perché
Why; because
grande
Great, large, big
disegno
Design, plan, drawing
fu
Was; third person singular past of essere
abbandonato
Abandoned, left behind, given up
forse
Perhaps, maybe, possibly
si
Reflexive pronoun; oneself, himself, herself
rese
Rendered, made; past tense of rendere
conto
Account, count; rendersi conto means to realize
certa
Certain, a certain, particular
incongruità
Incongruity, inconsistency, lack of coherence
storia
Story, history, narrative
fittizia
Fictitious, fictional, invented
o
Or; disjunctive conjunction
aveva
Had; third person singular imperfect of avere
perso
Lost; past participle of perdere
suo
His, her, its; possessive adjective
interesse
Interest, concern, engagement
essa
It, she; third person feminine pronoun
avanzare
To advance, to move forward, to progress
anni
Years; plural of anno
impedì
Prevented, hindered; past tense of impedire
completarla
To complete it; infinitive with feminine pronoun
possiamo
We can; first person plural of potere
compiacerci
To please ourselves, to indulge ourselves
fantasia
Fantasy, imagination, fancy thought
se
If; conditional conjunction
questa
This; feminine singular demonstrative adjective
narrativa
Narrative, fiction, storytelling
immaginaria
Imaginary, fictional, made up
fosse
Were; imperfect subjunctive of essere
mai
Ever, never; temporal adverb
stata
Been; feminine past participle of essere
completata
Completed, finished; feminine past participle
avremmo
We would have; conditional of avere
trovato
Found; past participle of trovare
stesso
Same, himself, itself; emphatic adjective
partecipare
To participate, to take part in
simpatia
Sympathy, liking, warmth toward someone
lotta
Struggle, fight, battle, contest
indipendenza
Independence, freedom from external control
ellenica
Hellenic, Greek; relating to ancient Greece
cantando
Singing; gerund of cantare
inno
Hymn, anthem, celebratory song
trionfo
Triumph, victory, great success
riflettendo
Reflecting, thinking; gerund of riflettere
come
Like, as, how; comparison conjunction
There; adverb indicating a place
dove
Where; relative or interrogative adverb
contempla
Contemplates, observes; third person of contemplare
crescita
Growth, increase, development
impero
Empire, dominion, power over many territories
ateniese
Athenian; relating to Athens
Quanto
How much, how great; exclamatory word
nobile
Noble, dignified, of high moral character
cosa
Thing, what; noun or interrogative pronoun
libertà
Liberty, freedom, independence
parola
Word, speech, utterance
fatto
Done, made; past participle of fare
Yes; affirmative particle
superassero
Surpassed; imperfect subjunctive of superare
gran
Great, large; shortened form of grande
lunga
Long; feminine adjective from lungo
ogni
Every, each, all; indefinite adjective
altro
Other, another, else
stato
State, nation; also past participle of essere
grandezza
Greatness, grandeur, magnitude
più
More, most; comparative adverb
probabilmente
Probably, likely, in all likelihood
attribuendo
Attributing, assigning; gerund of attribuire
vittoria
Victory, win, triumph in battle
antico
Ancient, old, antique
buon
Good; shortened form of buono before noun
ordine
Order, arrangement, organization
favore
Favor, support, goodwill
Inoltre
Furthermore, moreover, in addition
può
Can, may; third person singular of potere
essere
To be; fundamental Italian linking verb
considerato
Considered, regarded, viewed as
capitano
Captain, leader, commander
guida
Guide, leader, director
bella
Beautiful, lovely; feminine adjective
schiera
Troop, group, array of followers
seguaci
Followers, adherents, disciples
poiché
Since, because, given that
Repubblica
Republic; Plato's famous political dialogue
trova
Finds; third person singular of trovare
originale
Original, source, primary model
Città
City; refers here to City of God
Dio
God; divine being
numerosi
Numerous, many, a great number of
altri
Other, others; plural of altro
Stati
States; plural of stato
immaginari
Imaginary, fictional; plural adjective
modellati
Modeled, patterned; past participle of modellare
schema
Schema, pattern, model, outline
misura
Measure, extent, degree
cui
Which, whom; relative pronoun
scuola
School, institution of learning
aristotelica
Aristotelian; relating to Aristotle's philosophy
fossero
Were; imperfect subjunctive plural of essere
debito
Debt, obligation; essere in debito means to owe
Politica
Politics; Aristotle's treatise on government
poco
Little, few, not much
riconosciuta
Recognized, acknowledged; feminine past participle
riconoscimento
Recognition, acknowledgment, credit given
tanto
So much, as much, a lot
necessario
Necessary, required, essential
quanto
How much, as much as; comparative word
viene
Comes; third person singular of venire
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