The Republic — Page 3
Neither must we forget that the Republic is but the third part of a still larger design which was to have included an ideal history of Athens, as well as a political and physical philosophy.
また、『国家』はさらに大きな構想の三番目の部分に過ぎず、その構想にはアテネの理想的な歴史や、政治哲学および自然哲学も含まれるはずであったことを忘れてはならない。
The fragment of the Critias has given birth to a world-famous fiction, second only in importance to the tale of Troy and the legend of Arthur; and is said as a fact to have inspired some of the early navigators of the sixteenth century.
『クリティアス』の断片は、トロイの物語やアーサーの伝説に次ぐ重要性を持つ世界的に有名な創作を生み出し、事実として十六世紀初期の航海者たちのいくらかに霊感を与えたと言われている。
This mythical tale, of which the subject was a history of the wars of the Athenians against the Island of Atlantis, is supposed to be founded upon an unfinished poem of Solon, to which it would have stood in the same relation as the writings of the logographers to the poems of Homer.
アテネ人とアトランティス島との戦争の歴史を主題とするこの神話的な物語は、ソロンの未完の詩に基づくとされており、それはちょうど散文記録者たちの著作がホメロスの詩に対して立つのと同じ関係にあったであろう。
It would have told of a struggle for Liberty (cp. Tim. 25 C), intended to represent the conflict of Persia and Hellas.
それはペルシアとヘラスの衝突を表すべく意図された、自由のための闘争を語るものであったであろう（『ティマイオス』25C参照）。
We may judge from the noble commencement of the Timaeus, from the fragment of the Critias itself, and from the third book of the Laws, in what manner Plato would have treated this high argument.
プラトンがこの崇高な主題をいかに扱ったであろうかは、『ティマイオス』の格調高い冒頭、『クリティアス』の断片そのもの、そして『法律』第三巻から判断することができる。
Vocabulary
- また
- mata — Again; also; moreover
- 国家
- kokka — Nation-state; country; the Republic (Plato)
- は
- wa — Topic-marking grammatical particle in Japanese
- さらに
- sara ni — Furthermore; even more; additionally
- 大きな
- ōki na — Large; big; great in scale
- 構想
- kōsō — Plan; concept; grand design or vision
- の
- no — Possessive or linking grammatical particle
- 三番目
- sanbanme — Third; the third in order
- 部分
- bubun — Part; portion; section of a whole
- に
- ni — Grammatical particle indicating location or direction
- 過ぎ
- sugi — Merely; nothing more than; excessive
- ず
- zu — Negative grammatical ending; without doing
- その
- sono — That; the aforementioned (demonstrative adjective)
- アテネ
- Atene — Athens, the capital city of Greece
- 理想的
- risōteki — Ideal; perfect; representing the best model
- な
- na — Adjectival linking particle for na-adjectives
- 歴史
- rekishi — History; the record of past events
- や
- ya — And; listing particle connecting nouns loosely
- 政治
- seiji — Politics; political affairs or governance
- 哲学
- tetsugaku — Philosophy; the study of fundamental questions
- および
- oyobi — And; as well as (formal conjunction)
- 自然
- shizen — Nature; the natural world; natural phenomena
- も
- mo — Also; too; even (inclusive particle)
- 含まれる
- fukumareru — To be included; to be contained within
- はず
- hazu — Should be; expected to; supposed to
- で
- de — Grammatical particle indicating means or location
- あった
- atta — Was; existed (past tense of aru)
- こと
- koto — Thing; fact; matter (nominalizer)
- を
- o — Object-marking grammatical particle
- 忘れ
- wasure — To forget; to fail to remember
- て
- te — Connective te-form particle linking clauses
- なら
- nara — Must not; should not (with negative)
- ない
- nai — Not; negative verb ending
- 断片
- danpen — Fragment; incomplete piece of a work
- 物語
- monogatari — Story; tale; narrative account
- 伝説
- densetsu — Legend; traditional story passed down generations
- 次ぐ
- tsugu — To rank next to; to follow in importance
- 重要性
- jūyōsei — Importance; significance; degree of importance
- 持つ
- motsu — To have; to hold; to possess
- 世界的
- sekaiteki — Worldwide; global; of world-class renown
- 有名
- yūmei — Famous; well-known; celebrated
- 創作
- sōsaku — Creative work; literary or artistic creation
- 生み出し
- umidashi — To produce; to give birth to (ideas)
- 事実
- jijitsu — Fact; actual truth; reality
- として
- to shite — As; in the capacity of; regarded as
- 十六
- jūroku — Sixteen; the number 16
- 世紀
- seiki — Century; a period of one hundred years
- 初期
- shoki — Early period; the beginning stage of something
- 航海者
- kōkaisha — Navigator; sailor; maritime explorer
- たち
- tachi — Plural suffix for people or beings
- いくらか
- ikuraka — Somewhat; to some degree; a little
- 霊感
- reikan — Inspiration; divine or creative inspiration
- 与えた
- ataeta — Gave; provided; bestowed (past tense)
- と
- to — Quotation particle; and; with
- 言わ
- iwa — Say; be said (base of 言う)
- れ
- re — Passive verb auxiliary indicating action received
- いる
- iru — To be; to exist (for animate subjects)
- 島
- shima — Island; a landmass surrounded by water
- 戦争
- sensō — War; armed conflict between nations
- 主題
- shudai — Theme; main subject or topic
- する
- suru — To do; to make; to perform
- この
- kono — This (demonstrative adjective for nearby things)
- 神話的
- shinwateki — Mythological; relating to myth or legend
- 未完
- mikan — Unfinished; incomplete; not yet completed
- 詩
- shi — Poem; poetry; verse
- 基づく
- motozuku — To be based on; to be founded upon
- さ
- sa — Nominalizing suffix; indicates a state or degree
- おり
- ori — Being; existing (polite form of iru)
- それ
- sore — That; it (pronoun for something not nearby)
- ちょうど
- chōdo — Exactly; just; precisely
- 散文
- sanbun — Prose; writing in ordinary non-verse form
- 記録者
- kirokusha — Recorder; chronicler; one who records events
- 著作
- chosaku — Literary work; authored writing; publication
- が
- ga — Subject-marking grammatical particle
- 対して
- taishite — Against; toward; in relation to
- 立つ
- tatsu — To stand; to take a position or stance
- 同じ
- onaji — Same; identical; alike
- 関係
- kankei — Relationship; connection; association
- あろう
- arō — Would be; probably is (volitional of aru)
- 衝突
- shōtotsu — Collision; clash; conflict between opposing forces
- 表す
- arawasu — To express; to represent; to depict
- べく
- beku — In order to; for the purpose of (formal)
- 意図
- ito — Intention; purpose; deliberate aim
- た
- ta — Past tense grammatical auxiliary verb ending
- 自由
- jiyū — Freedom; liberty; free will
- ため
- tame — For the sake of; in order to; purpose
- 闘争
- tōsō — Struggle; fight; conflict for a cause
- 語る
- kataru — To tell; to narrate; to speak of
- もの
- mono — Thing; something; a work intended to convey
- 参照
- sanshō — Reference; consultation; see also
- 崇高
- sūkō — Sublime; lofty; noble and elevated in character
- いかに
- ika ni — How; in what way; to what degree
- 扱った
- atsukatta — Treated; handled; dealt with (past tense)
- か
- ka — Question-marking sentence-ending particle
- 格調
- kakuchō — Dignity; tone; elevated stylistic quality
- 高い
- takai — High; tall; elevated; expensive
- 冒頭
- bōtō — Opening; beginning; the start of a text
- そのもの
- sono mono — Itself; the very thing; in itself
- そして
- soshite — And then; and so; furthermore
- 法律
- hōritsu — Law; legislation; legal rules
- 第
- dai — Ordinal prefix meaning number or the Nth
- 三
- san — Three; the number 3
- 巻
- kan — Volume; book; scroll; numbered division
- から
- kara — From; since; based on (particle)
- 判断
- handan — Judgment; decision; assessment
- できる
- dekiru — To be able to; can; to be possible
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