The Republic — Page 4

Vocabulary

우리는

urineun — We (subject marker attached); refers to the speaker's group

왜

wae — Why; used to ask for a reason or cause

그

geu — That; a demonstrative pronoun or determiner

위대한

widaehan — Great, magnificent; describing something of grand importance

계획이

gyehoegi — Plan or project (subject form); an intended course of action

포기되었는지

pogidoeeonneunji — Whether it was abandoned or given up

추측할

achuseukal — To guess or speculate (modifier form)

수

su — Ability or possibility; used in 'can' constructions

있을

isseul — Will be; future modifier form of 'to exist/have'

뿐이다

ppunida — Only; indicates limitation or restriction to one thing

아마도

amado — Perhaps, probably; expresses uncertainty or conjecture

허구적

heogujeok — Fictional, fictitious; relating to invented or imagined content

역사

yeoksa — History; the study or record of past events

속의

sogui — Inside of, within; indicating something contained in something

어떤

eotteon — Some, certain, what kind of; an indefinite determiner

불일치를

burirchirul — Inconsistency or discrepancy (object form)

감지했기

gamjihaetgi — Because (he/she) detected or sensed something

때문이거나

ttaemunigona — Because of, or due to; indicating one possible cause

그것에

geugeose — To/about it; referring to a previously mentioned thing

대한

daehan — Regarding, about; a postposition indicating subject matter

흥미를

heungmireul — Interest (object form); curiosity or fascination in something

잃었기

ireotgi — Because (he/she) lost something; past causal form

혹은

hogeun — Or; a conjunction presenting an alternative option

나이가

naiga — Age (subject form); the number of years one has lived

들어감에

deurogame — As one advances in age; entering into older years

따라

ttara — According to, following; in accordance with something

그것의

geugeosui — Its; possessive form referring to a previously mentioned thing

완성이

wanseongi — Completion (subject form); the state of being finished

불가능해졌기

bulganeunghaejyeotgi — Because it became impossible; past causal form

때문일

ttaemunil — Likely because of; causal modifier suggesting a reason

것이다

geosida — It is the case that; a concluding assertive expression

그리고

geurigo — And; a conjunction connecting two clauses or ideas

이

i — This; a demonstrative determiner indicating something nearby

상상의

sangsangui — Imaginary, of imagination; relating to something imagined

이야기가

iyagiga — Story (subject form); a narrative or tale

완성되었더라면

wanseomdoeeotdeoramyeon — If it had been completed; a contrary-to-fact conditional

자신이

jasini — Oneself (subject form); referring reflexively to the subject

독립을

dongnipeul — Independence (object form); freedom from external control

위한

wihan — For the sake of; indicating purpose or benefit

투쟁에

tujaenge — In the struggle or fight; a conflict for a cause

공감했을

gonggamhaesseul — Would have sympathized or empathized with something

것이라는

geosiraneun — That it would be; a nominal modifier expressing supposition

상상으로

sangsanguro — Through imagination; by means of imagining something

스스로를

seuseureul — Oneself (object form); reflexively referring to the subject

즐겁게

jeulgeobge — Pleasurably, enjoyably; in a joyful or entertaining manner

할

hal — To do (modifier form); future or potential action modifier

있다

itda — To exist, to have; basic verb of existence or possession

3권

3 gwon — Volume 3, Book 3; indicating a section of a text

이하

iha — Below, and following; indicating continuation after a point

참조

chamjo — Reference, see also; directing reader to consult a source

승리를

seungnirul — Victory (object form); triumph over an opponent or obstacle

찬양하는

chanyanghanun — Praising, glorifying; expressing admiration or celebration

송가를

songgareul — Ode (object form); a lyrical poem of praise or celebration

노래하고

noraehago — Singing and; performing a song and doing something else

제국의

jegugui — Of the empire; possessive relating to an imperial power

성장을

seongjangul — Growth (object form); the process of developing or expanding

고찰한

gochalhan — Examined, considered carefully; having reflected on something

성찰을

seongchaleul — Reflection, introspection (object form); thoughtful self-examination

되새겼을

doesaegyeosseul — Would have reflected on or pondered; past suppositional form

언론의

eollonui — Of speech or press; relating to freedom of expression

자유는

jayuneun — Freedom (topic form); the state of being free or unrestricted

얼마나

eolmana — How much, how; an exclamatory or interrogative adverb

용감한

yonggamhan — Brave, courageous; showing boldness in the face of danger

것인가

geosingga — What a thing it is; an exclamatory concluding expression

그것은

geugeoseun — It (topic form); referring to a previously mentioned subject

하여금

hayeogeum — Causing someone to; used in causative constructions

다른

dareun — Other, different; indicating something distinct from the rest

모든

modeun — All, every; referring to the entirety of something

국가들을

gukgadeulreul — States, nations (object plural); multiple countries or governments

훨씬

hwolssin — Far, much more; indicating a large degree of difference

능가하게

neunggahage — So as to surpass or exceed; going beyond others in ability

더

deo — More; a comparative adverb indicating greater degree

가능성

ganeungseong — Possibility, likelihood; the chance that something may occur

있게는

itgeneun — More likely; adverbial form suggesting greater probability

고대의

godaeui — Ancient, of antiquity; relating to very old historical periods

훌륭한

hullyunghan — Excellent, admirable; of outstanding quality or character

질서와

jilseowa — Order and; referring to orderliness combined with something else

은총에

eunchonge — In the grace or favor of; divine blessing or benevolence

돌렸을

dollyeosseul — Would have attributed or turned to; past suppositional form

서론

seoron — Introduction, preface; the opening section of a written work

또한

ttohan — Also, furthermore; an additive conjunction or adverb

추종자들의

chujongjadurul — Of followers or disciples; possessive form for group of adherents

무리를

murireul — Group, crowd (object form); a collection of people or animals

이끄는

ikkeunun — Leading, guiding; present modifier form of 'to lead'

선장

seonjang — Captain; the leader or commander of a ship or group

또는

ttoneun — Or; a conjunction offering an alternative

지도자로

jidojaro — As a leader; indicating the role or capacity of guiding others

여겨질

yeogyeojil — To be regarded or considered as; future passive modifier

왜냐하면

waenyahamyeon — Because, the reason is; introduces an explanatory clause

같은

gateun — Such as, like; indicating similarity or giving an example

모델을

modeleul — Model (object form); a template or example to be followed

바탕으로

batangeuro — Based on, on the foundation of; using something as a basis

구성된

guseongdoen — Composed, constructed; past passive modifier of 'to compose'

수많은

sumaneun — Numerous, countless; a very large number of things

국가들의

gukgadeurui — Of states or nations; possessive plural of country or state

원형을

wonhyeongeul — Archetype, prototype (object form); the original model or form

찾을

chajeul — To find (modifier form); future potential of 'to search/find'

있기

itgi — There being; nominal form of 'to exist' used in explanations

때문이다

ttaemuniida — It is because; a concluding causal statement

학파가

hakpaga — School of thought (subject form); a group sharing a philosophy

그에게

geuege — To him; dative form referring to a previously mentioned person

많은

maneun — Many, much; indicating a large quantity or amount

빚을

bicheul — Debt (object form); something owed intellectually or financially

지고

jigo — Bearing, owing; present gerund of carrying a burden or debt

있는지는

inneunji neun — Whether (they) owe; embedded question about a state of owing

거의

geoui — Almost, barely; indicating something is close to but not quite

인정받지

injeongtbatji — Not acknowledged; failing to receive recognition or credit

못해왔으며

mothaewasseumyeo — Has not been able to, and; continued failure with continuation

인정은

injeongeun — Acknowledgment (topic form); recognition or admission of something

자신에

jasine — By oneself, to oneself; reflexive reference to the subject

의해

uihae — By means of, by; indicates the agent of a passive action

이루어지지

irueojiji — Not being accomplished; negative form of 'to be achieved'

않았기

anatgi — Because (it) was not done; negative past causal connector

때문에

ttaemune — Because of; a causal postposition indicating a reason

더욱

deouk — Even more, increasingly; a comparative intensifying adverb

필요하다

piryohada — Is necessary, needed; expressing that something is required