The Republic — Page 5

Vocabulary

두

du — Two; a numeral used before a noun

철학자는

cheolhakjaneun — As for the philosopher; philosopher (topic marker)

그들이

geudeuri — They; third-person plural subject pronoun

의식했던

uisikaetdeon — Had been aware of; past modifier form of 의식하다

것보다

geotboda — Than what; comparative particle attached to nominalizer

더

deo — More; comparative adverb indicating greater degree

많은

maneun — Many; large in number or quantity

공통점을

gongtongjeomeul — Common points; shared characteristics (object marker)

가지고

gajigo — Having; holding; connective form of 가지다

있었으며

isseosseumyeo — Had; existed; connective past tense of 있다

아마도

amado — Perhaps; probably; adverb expressing conjecture

일부

ilbu — A part; some portion of a whole

요소들은

yosodeureun — Elements; components (topic marker, plural)

안에

ane — Inside; within a space or entity

여전히

yeojeonhi — Still; yet; continuing unchanged as before

발견되지

balgyeondoeji — Not discovered; passive negative form of 발견되다

않은

aneun — Not; negative modifier attached to a verb stem

채로

chaero — While remaining in a state; as it is

남아

nama — Remaining; staying; connective form of 남다

있을

isseul — Will be; future modifier form of 있다

것이다

geosida — It is the case that; nominalizing sentence-final ending

영국

Yeongguk — England; United Kingdom; country in Western Europe

철학에서도

cheolhakeseo-do — Also in philosophy; locative marker plus also particle

마찬가지로

machangangajiro — Likewise; similarly; in the same way

저작뿐만

jeojakppunman — Not only the works; writings plus limiting particle

아니라

anira — Not only; but also; connective negative conjunction

같은

gateun — Such as; like; same; modifier form of 같다

위대한

widaehan — Great; magnificent; outstanding in achievement

독창적

dokchangjeok — Original; creative; having unique creative qualities

작가들의

jakgadeureui — Of the writers; possessive plural of 작가 (writer)

작품에서도

jakpumeseo-do — Also in the works; locative plus additive particle

그의

geuui — His; third-person singular masculine possessive pronoun

사상과의

sasanggwaui — With thought/ideas; ideology plus conjunctive possessive

유사성이

yusaseong-i — Similarity; resemblance (subject marker)

추적될

churyeokdoel — Can be traced; future passive modifier of 추적되다

수

su — Way; possibility; used in potential constructions

있다

itda — To exist; to have; basic existence verb

경험보다

gyeongheomboda — Than experience; experience plus comparative particle

높은

nopeun — High; elevated; superior in level or degree

진리가

jillига — Truth; fundamental truth (subject marker)

존재하며

jonjaehамyeo — Exists; and exists; connective form of 존재하다

정신이

jeongsini — Mind; spirit; consciousness (subject marker)

스스로에게

seuseuro-ege — To oneself; reflexive pronoun with dative marker

그것을

geugeoseul — It; that thing (object marker)

증언한다는

jeungeонhandan-eun — That it testifies; quoted modifier of 증언하다

것은

geoseun — The fact that; nominalizer with topic marker

우리

uri — Our; we; first-person plural pronoun

세대에서

sedae-eseo — In our generation; era plus locative marker

열정적으로

yeoljeongjeogeuro — Passionately; with great enthusiasm and fervor

주장되어

jujangdoeeo — Has been argued; passive form of 주장되다

왔고

watgo — Has come; continuative past connective of 오다

점점

jeomjeom — Gradually; more and more; increasingly over time

지지를

jijireul — Support; backing (object marker)

얻고

eotgo — Gaining; obtaining; connective form of 얻다

있는

inneun — Present modifier; ongoing state modifier of 있다

신념이다

sinnyeomida — It is a belief; conviction; sentence-final noun predicate

르네상스

Reуnesangseу — Renaissance; European cultural revival period (14–17c)

시기에

sigі-e — In the period; at the time; temporal locative

세상에

sesang-e — To the world; in the world; locative of 세상

새로운

saeroun — New; fresh; novel; modifier form of 새롭다

생명을

saengmyeongeul — Life; vitality (object marker)

불어넣은

bureоneoeun — Breathed into; infused; past modifier of 불어넣다

그리스

Geuriseu — Greece; ancient and modern country in southeastern Europe

작가들

jakgadeul — Writers; authors; plural of 작가

중에서

jung-eseo — Among; from within a group or set

가장

gajang — Most; superlative adverb indicating highest degree

큰

keun — Big; great; large; modifier form of 크다

영향을

yeonghyangeul — Influence; effect; impact (object marker)

미쳤다

michyeotda — Had an impact; exerted influence; past tense of 미치다

또한

ttohan — Also; furthermore; additionally; conjunctive adverb

교육에

gyoyuge — On education; regarding education; locative of 교육

관한

gwanhan — Concerning; about; modifier form of 관하다

최초의

choechoeui — The first; earliest; very first possessive modifier

논문이기도

nonmunigiredo — Also being a treatise; essay plus inclusive particle

하며

hamyeo — And; doing; connective form of 하다

저작들은

jeojakdeureun — The works; writings (topic marker, plural)

그것의

geugeosui — Its; of it; third-person possessive pronoun

정당한

jeongdanghan — Legitimate; rightful; justified; proper modifier

후계자들이다

hugeyejadeulida — Are the successors; heirs; plural sentence-final predicate

그는

geuneun — He; third-person masculine pronoun with topic marker

또

tto — Also; again; another; additive adverb

다른

dareun — Other; different; another; modifier form of 다르다

삶에

salme — In life; regarding life; locative of 삶

대한

daehan — About; regarding; concerning; modifier of 대하다

계시를

gyeshireul — Revelation; divine disclosure (object marker)

있으며

isseumyeo — Has; and has; connective present form of 있다

지식의

jisigeui — Of knowledge; knowledge plus possessive marker

통일성에

tongilseonge — In unity; regarding oneness; locative of 통일성

깊은

gipeun — Deep; profound; modifier form of 깊다

감명을

gammyeongeul — Impression; deep impression (object marker)

받았고

badatgo — Received; was impressed by; past connective of 받다

초기

chogi — Early period; initial stage; beginning phase

교회에서

gyohoе-eseo — In the church; locative of 교회 (church)

신학에

sinhage — On theology; regarding theology; locative of 신학

실질적인

siljilijeogin — Substantial; practical; real and effective modifier

미쳤으며

michyeosseumyeo — Exerted; had influence; past connective of 미치다

문예

munye — Literature and arts; literary arts; culture

부흥기에는

buhеunggi-eneun — In the renaissance period; revival era topic marker

정치에

jeongchie — In politics; regarding politics; locative of 정치

간접적으로

ganjeопjeogeuro — Indirectly; in an indirect manner or way

전해질

jeonhaejil — When transmitted; will be conveyed; modifier of 전해지다

때조차도

ttaejocha-do — Even when; even at the time; emphatic temporal

말의

marui — Of words; speech's; possessive of 말 (words/speech)

단편들은

danpyeondeureun — Fragments; excerpts; short pieces (topic marker, plural)

모든

modeun — All; every; entire; universal modifier

시대에

sidae-e — In every age; in an era; temporal locative

걸쳐

geolchyeo — Spanning; across; connective form of 걸치다

사람들의

saramdeureui — People's; of people; possessive plural of 사람

마음을

maeumeul — Heart; mind (object marker)

사로잡았으며

sarojababassеumyeo — Captivated; seized; past connective of 사로잡다

그들은

geudeureun — They; third-person plural with topic marker

그

geu — That; the; third-person pronoun or determiner

안에서

ane-seo — Inside; within; locative of 안 (inside)

자신들의

jasindelreui — Their own; reflexive possessive plural pronoun

본성이

bonseong-i — Nature; inherent character; essence (subject marker)

반영된

banyeongdoen — Reflected; mirrored; past passive modifier of 반영되다

것을

geoseul — The thing that; nominalizer with object marker

보았다

boatda — Saw; perceived; simple past tense of 보다

철학

cheolhak — Philosophy; the study of fundamental questions

정치

jeongchi — Politics; political affairs and governance

문학에서

munhage-seo — In literature; in the field of literary arts

이상주의의

isangjuuiui — Of idealism; possessive of the concept of idealism

아버지이다

abeojida — Is the father; founding figure; sentence-final predicate