The Republic — Page 14
To Plato himself, the enquiry 'what was the intention of the writer,' or 'what was the principal argument of the Republic' would have been hardly intelligible, and therefore had better be at once dismissed (cp. the Introduction to the Phaedrus).
플라톤 자신에게 있어서, '저자의 의도가 무엇이었는가' 혹은 '국가론의 주된 논거가 무엇이었는가'라는 탐구는 거의 이해하기 어려운 것이었을 터이며, 따라서 즉시 일축하는 편이 낫다(파이드로스 서론 참조).
Is not the Republic the vehicle of three or four great truths which, to Plato's own mind, are most naturally represented in the form of the State?
국가론은 플라톤 자신의 마음속에서 국가의 형태로 가장 자연스럽게 표현되는 서너 가지 위대한 진리를 담은 매개체가 아닌가?
Just as in the Jewish prophets the reign of Messiah, or 'the day of the Lord,' or the suffering Servant or people of God, or the 'Sun of righteousness with healing in his wings' only convey, to us at least, their great spiritual ideals, so through the Greek State Plato reveals to us his own thoughts about divine perfection, which is the idea of good—like the sun in the visible world;—about human perfection, which is justice—about education beginning in youth and continuing in later years—about poets and sophists and tyrants who are the false teachers and evil rulers of mankind—about 'the world' which is the embodiment of them—about a kingdom which exists nowhere upon earth but is laid up in heaven to be the pattern and rule of human life.
마치 유대 예언자들에게서 메시아의 통치, 혹은 '주의 날', 혹은 고난받는 종이나 하나님의 백성, 혹은 '날개에 치유를 품은 의의 태양'이 적어도 우리에게는 그들의 위대한 영적 이상만을 전달하듯이, 플라톤도 그리스 국가를 통해 우리에게 자신의 사상을 드러낸다—가시적 세계의 태양과도 같은 선의 이데아인 신적 완전성에 대해, 정의인 인간적 완전성에 대해, 청년기에 시작하여 후년까지 이어지는 교육에 대해, 인류의 거짓 스승이자 악한 지배자인 시인들과 소피스트들과 참주들에 대해, 그들의 구현체인 '세계'에 대해, 지상 어디에도 존재하지 않지만 인간 삶의 모범과 규범이 되도록 하늘에 마련된 왕국에 대해.
No such inspired creation is at unity with itself, any more than the clouds of heaven when the sun pierces through them.
그러한 영감 어린 창작물은, 태양이 뚫고 지나갈 때의 하늘의 구름과 마찬가지로, 그 자체로 통일성을 이루지 않는다.
Every shade of light and dark, of truth, and of fiction which is the veil of truth, is allowable in a work of philosophical imagination.
빛과 어둠의 모든 음영, 진리의 모든 음영, 그리고 진리의 베일인 허구의 모든 음영은 철학적 상상력의 작품 안에서 허용된다.
Vocabulary
- 자신에게
- jasin-ege — to oneself, referring back to the subject
- 있어서
- isseo-seo — in the context of, regarding, when it comes to
- 저자의
- jeoja-ui — of the author, belonging to the writer
- 의도가
- uido-ga — intention, purpose (subject form)
- 무엇이었는가
- mueot-i-eoss-neun-ga — what was it, interrogative past tense form
- 혹은
- hogeun — or, alternatively, otherwise
- 주된
- judoen — main, primary, principal
- 논거가
- nongeo-ga — argument, grounds for reasoning (subject form)
- 탐구는
- tamgu-neun — inquiry, investigation, search (topic form)
- 거의
- geo-ui — almost, nearly, hardly
- 이해하기
- ihaehagi — to understand, act of comprehending
- 어려운
- eoryeoun — difficult, hard, challenging
- 것이었을
- geot-i-eoss-eul — something that would have been
- 터이며
- teo-i-myeo — it would be the case, and moreover
- 따라서
- ttara-seo — therefore, consequently, as a result
- 즉시
- jeuksi — immediately, at once, instantly
- 일축하는
- ilchukha-neun — dismissing, rejecting outright, brushing aside
- 편이
- pyeon-i — it is better to, side or option
- 낫다
- natda — to be better, preferable, superior
- 서론
- seoron — introduction, preface, foreword of a text
- 참조
- chamjo — reference, refer to, consult
- 자신의
- jasin-ui — one's own, of oneself
- 마음속에서
- maeum-sok-eseo — within the mind, inside one's heart
- 국가의
- gukga-ui — of the state, of the nation
- 형태로
- hyeongtae-ro — in the form of, in the shape of
- 가장
- gajang — most, the most, extremely
- 자연스럽게
- jayeonseureop-ge — naturally, in a natural manner
- 표현되는
- pyohyeon-doe-neun — being expressed, being represented
- 서너
- seoneo — three or four, a few
- 가지
- gaji — kind, type, sort (counter for types)
- 위대한
- widaehan — great, grand, magnificent
- 진리를
- jilli-reul — truth, fundamental truth (object form)
- 담은
- dam-eun — containing, holding, filled with
- 매개체가
- maegaeche-ga — medium, vehicle, intermediary (subject form)
- 아닌가
- anin-ga — is it not, isn't it a rhetorical question
- 마치
- machi — just as, as if, like
- 유대
- yudae — Jewish, of Judea, Hebrew
- 통치
- tongchi — rule, governance, reign
- 날
- nal — day, the day of
- 고난받는
- gonan-bat-neun — suffering, enduring hardship or pain
- 종이나
- jong-ina — servant or, slave or
- 백성
- baekseong — people, citizens, subjects of a nation
- 날개에
- nalgae-e — on the wings, upon the wings
- 치유를
- chiyu-reul — healing, cure (object form)
- 품은
- pum-eun — harboring, holding within, embracing
- 태양이
- taeyang-i — the sun (subject form)
- 적어도
- jeogeodo — at least, at the minimum
- 우리에게는
- uri-ege-neun — to us, for us (topic emphasized form)
- 그들의
- gedeul-ui — their, belonging to them
- 영적
- yeongjeok — spiritual, of the spirit
- 이상만을
- isang-man-eul — only the ideal, solely the aspiration
- 전달하듯이
- jeondalhadeut-i — just as conveying, as if transmitting
- 국가를
- gukga-reul — the state, the nation (object form)
- 통해
- tonghae — through, by means of
- 사상을
- sasang-eul — thought, idea, ideology (object form)
- 드러낸다
- deureonaenda — reveals, exposes, brings to light
- 가시적
- gasijok — visible, perceptible, able to be seen
- 세계의
- segye-ui — of the world, of the universe
- 태양과도
- taeyang-gwado — like the sun, similar to the sun
- 같은
- gateun — same, like, similar to
- 선의
- seon-ui — of goodness, of the Good (philosophical)
- 신적
- sinjeok — divine, godly, of a deity
- 완전성에
- wanjeonseong-e — to perfection, regarding completeness
- 대해
- daehae — about, regarding, concerning
- 정의인
- jeongui-in — which is justice, that is righteousness
- 인간적
- inganjeok — human, humane, of humanity
- 청년기에
- cheongnyeongi-e — in youth, during the young adult period
- 시작하여
- sijakha-yeo — beginning from, starting with
- 후년까지
- hunyeon-kkaji — until later years, up to later life
- 이어지는
- ieojineun — continuing, extending, being connected
- 교육에
- gyoyuk-e — in education, regarding teaching
- 인류의
- illyu-ui — of humanity, of mankind
- 거짓
- geojit — false, lie, deception, falsehood
- 스승이자
- seusŭng-ija — being a teacher as well as, a master and
- 악한
- akhan — evil, wicked, malicious
- 지배자인
- jibaeja-in — who is a ruler, being a controller
- 시인들과
- siin-deul-gwa — poets and, with the poets
- 구현체인
- guhyeonche-in — which is the embodiment, being the incarnation
- 세계에
- segye-e — in the world, within the world
- 지상
- jisang — on earth, the ground, terrestrial
- 어디에도
- eodie-do — anywhere, nowhere (with negative)
- 존재하지
- jonjaehaji — does not exist, to not be present
- 않지만
- aneunjiman — does not, but, although it does not
- 인간
- ingan — human being, person, mankind
- 삶의
- salm-ui — of life, of living
- 모범과
- mobeom-gwa — model and, example and, role model
- 규범이
- gyubeom-i — norm, standard, rule (subject form)
- 되도록
- doedo-rok — so as to become, in order to be
- 하늘에
- haneul-e — in the sky, in heaven
- 마련된
- mallyeondoen — prepared, arranged, established
- 왕국에
- wangguk-e — in the kingdom, within the realm
- 그러한
- geureuhan — such, that kind of, like that
- 영감
- yeonggam — inspiration, divine inspiration, creative spark
- 어린
- eorin — young, little, inspired (here: inspired)
- 창작물은
- changjangmul-eun — creative work, artistic creation (topic form)
- 태양이
- taeyang-i — the sun (subject form)
- 뚫고
- ttulgo — piercing through, penetrating, breaking through
- 지나갈
- jinagal — will pass through, to go past
- 때의
- ttae-ui — of the time when, at the moment of
- 하늘의
- haneul-ui — of the sky, of heaven
- 구름과
- gureum-gwa — clouds and, like the clouds
- 마찬가지로
- machankaji-ro — likewise, in the same way, similarly
- 그
- geu — that, the, he, it
- 자체로
- jache-ro — in itself, by itself, on its own
- 통일성을
- tongilseong-eul — unity, coherence, oneness (object form)
- 이루지
- iruji — does not achieve, fails to form
- 않는다
- anneunda — does not, is not (negative present tense)
- 빛과
- bit-gwa — light and, together with light
- 어둠의
- eodum-ui — of darkness, of shadow
- 모든
- modeun — all, every, entire
- 음영
- eumyeong — shade, shadow, nuance, gradation of tone
- 진리의
- jilli-ui — of truth, of the truth
- 그리고
- geurigo — and, and then, moreover
- 베일인
- beil-in — which is a veil, being a veil or cover
- 허구의
- heogu-ui — of fiction, of falsehood, fictional
- 음영은
- eumyeong-eun — shade, shadow, gradation (topic form)
- 철학적
- cheolhakjeok — philosophical, of philosophy
- 상상력의
- sangsangnyeok-ui — of imagination, of creative fancy
- 작품
- jakpum — work of art, literary or artistic creation
- 안에서
- an-eseo — inside, within, in the interior of
- 허용된다
- heoyongdoenda — is permitted, is allowed, is accepted
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