The Republic — Page 13

English → Korean INTRODUCTION AND ANALYSIS. Level 9/10

Now in ancient writings, and indeed in literature generally, there remains often a large element which was not comprehended in the original design.

이제 고대 저작들에서, 그리고 실제로 문학 일반에서, 원래의 설계에 포함되지 않았던 커다란 요소가 종종 남아 있다.

For the plan grows under the author's hand; new thoughts occur to him in the act of writing; he has not worked out the argument to the end before he begins.

왜냐하면 계획은 저자의 손 아래에서 성장하기 때문이다. 글을 쓰는 행위 중에 새로운 생각들이 그에게 떠오른다. 그는 시작하기 전에 논거를 끝까지 다듬어 놓지 않는다.

The reader who seeks to find some one idea under which the whole may be conceived, must necessarily seize on the vaguest and most general.

전체가 그 아래에서 파악될 수 있는 어떤 하나의 관념을 찾으려는 독자는, 필연적으로 가장 모호하고 가장 일반적인 것에 집착하게 된다.

Thus Stallbaum, who is dissatisfied with the ordinary explanations of the argument of the Republic, imagines himself to have found the true argument 'in the representation of human life in a State perfected by justice, and governed according to the idea of good.'

그리하여 스탈바움은 『국가』의 논거에 대한 통상적인 설명에 불만을 품고, '정의에 의해 완성되고 선의 이념에 따라 통치되는 국가 안에서의 인간 삶의 표현'에서 진정한 논거를 발견했다고 스스로 생각한다.

There may be some use in such general descriptions, but they can hardly be said to express the design of the writer.

그러한 일반적인 서술들이 어느 정도 유용할 수는 있지만, 그것들이 저자의 설계를 표현한다고는 거의 말할 수 없다.

The truth is, that we may as well speak of many designs as of one; nor need anything be excluded from the plan of a great work to which the mind is naturally led by the association of ideas, and which does not interfere with the general purpose.

진실은, 우리가 하나의 설계에 대해 말하는 것만큼이나 여러 설계들에 대해 말할 수 있다는 것이다. 또한 관념들의 연상에 의해 마음이 자연스럽게 이끌리며 전반적인 목적을 방해하지 않는 것은 위대한 작품의 계획에서 배제될 필요가 없다.

What kind or degree of unity is to be sought after in a building, in the plastic arts, in poetry, in prose, is a problem which has to be determined relatively to the subject-matter.

건축에서, 조형 예술에서, 시에서, 산문에서 어떤 종류 혹은 어느 정도의 통일성이 추구되어야 하는가는, 주제에 상대적으로 결정되어야 하는 문제이다.

Vocabulary

이제: ije — now, at this point in time
고대: godae — ancient times, antiquity
그리고: geurigo — and, and then, also
실제로: siljero — actually, in reality, in practice
문학: munhak — literature, literary arts
원래의: wollaeui — original, of the original form
커다란: keodaran — large, big, significant in size
요소가: yosoga — element or factor (subject marker)
종종: jongjong — often, frequently, from time to time
남아: nama — remaining, left behind, staying
있다: itda — to exist, to be present, to have
왜냐하면: waenyahamyeon — because, the reason being that
계획은: gyehoekeun — the plan or scheme (topic marker)
저자의: jeojaui — of the author, belonging to the writer
손: son — hand; also means under one's care
아래에서: araeseo — under, beneath, below something
성장하기: seongjjanghagi — to grow, to develop, growing
때문이다: ttaemunida — it is because of, due to the reason
글을: geureul — writing, text (object marker)
쓰는: sseuneun — writing, that which one writes
행위: haengwi — act, action, deed, conduct
중에: junge — during, in the middle of, among
새로운: saeroun — new, fresh, novel in nature
생각들이: saenggakdeuri — thoughts, ideas (subject marker)
그에게: geuege — to him, for him, toward him
떠오른다: tteooreuneunda — come to mind, rise up, occur to one
그는: geuneun — he, that person (topic marker)
시작하기: sijakhagi — starting, beginning something
전에: jeone — before, prior to, in front of
논거를: nongeoreul — argument, grounds for reasoning (object)
끝까지: kkeutkkaji — to the end, all the way through
다듬어: dadeumeo — to refine, polish, trim neatly
않는다: anneunda — does not do, negative present tense
전체가: jeonchega — the whole, entirety (subject marker)
그: geu — that, it, he; a determiner
파악될: paaakdoel — to be grasped or understood
수: su — ability, possibility; can/could
있는: inneun — that exists, present, available
어떤: eotteon — some, a certain, what kind of
하나의: hanaui — one, a single, of one thing
관념을: gwannyeomeul — idea, notion, concept (object marker)
독자는: dokjaneun — the reader (topic marker)
필연적으로: piryeonjeogeuro — inevitably, necessarily, by necessity
가장: gajang — most, the most, to the greatest degree
모호하고: mohohago — vague, ambiguous, unclear and
일반적인: ilbanjeogin — general, common, typical in nature
것에: geose — to the thing, at the thing
집착하게: jipchakhage — to become obsessed or fixated on
된다: doenda — becomes, results in, comes to be
그리하여: geurihayeo — therefore, thus, and so, consequently
논거에: nongeoe — in/regarding the argument or grounds
대한: daehan — about, regarding, concerning something
통상적인: tongsangjeogin — usual, conventional, ordinary in nature
설명에: seolmyeonge — in/to the explanation or description
불만을: bulman-eul — dissatisfaction, discontent (object marker)
품고: pumgo — harboring, holding within oneself
정의에: jeonguie — in/by justice, righteousness
의해: uihae — by means of, through, due to
완성되고: wansongdoego — being completed, perfected and
선의: seonui — of good, of goodness, benevolent
이념에: innyeome — in/according to the ideal or ideology
따라: ttara — following, according to, along with
통치되는: tongchidoeneun — being governed or ruled
국가: gukga — state, nation, country
인간: ingan — human being, humanity, person
삶의: salmui — of life, of living, life's
표현: pyohyeon — expression, representation, depiction
에서: eseo — at, in, from (location/source marker)
진정한: jinjonghan — true, genuine, authentic, real
스스로: seuseuro — by oneself, on one's own, self
생각한다: saenggakhanda — thinks, believes, considers something
그러한: geureuhan — such, that kind of, like that
서술들이: seosuldeuri — descriptions, accounts (subject marker)
어느: eonu — some, a certain, which one
정도: jeongdo — degree, extent, level, amount
유용할: yuyonghal — useful, helpful, practical (future form)
있지만: itjiman — although there is, even though possible
그것들이: geugeotdeuri — they, those things (subject marker)
설계를: seolgyereul — the design or plan (object marker)
거의: geoui — almost, nearly, hardly, scarcely
말할: malhal — to say, to speak (future/adjective form)
없다: eopda — there is not, to not exist, lack
진실은: jinsiреун — the truth (topic marker)
우리가: uriga — we, us (subject marker)
대해: daehae — about, regarding, concerning
말하는: malhanun — speaking, saying, that which is said
여러: yeoreo — various, several, many kinds of
것이다: geosida — it is the case that, the fact is
또한: ttohan — also, furthermore, in addition
관념들의: gwannyeomdeului — of ideas, of notions or concepts
연상에: yeonsange — in association, in connection of ideas
마음이: maeumi — the mind, heart (subject marker)
자연스럽게: jayeonseureobge — naturally, spontaneously, in a natural way
이끌리며: ikkeullimyeo — being led, drawn, attracted toward
전반적인: jeonbanjeogin — overall, general, comprehensive in scope
목적을: mokjeogeul — the purpose or goal (object marker)
방해하지: banghaehaji — not hindering or obstructing (negative)
않는: anneun — that does not, negative modifier
위대한: widaehan — great, grand, magnificent, outstanding
작품의: jakpumui — of the work, of the artwork
계획에서: gyehoekeseo — in/from the plan or design
배제될: baejедoel — to be excluded or eliminated (future)
필요가: piryoga — need, necessity (subject marker)
건축에서: geonchukeseo — in architecture, from architecture
조형: johyeong — plastic arts, forming shapes, modeling
예술에서: yesureseo — in art, from the arts
시에서: sieseo — in poetry, from poetry
산문에서: sanmuneseo — in prose, from prose writing
종류: jongnyu — type, kind, sort, category
혹은: hogeun — or, either, alternatively
정도의: jeongdoui — of degree, of level or extent
통일성이: tongilseongi — unity, coherence, uniformity (subject)
추구되어야: chugudoeeoya — must be pursued or sought after
주제에: jujee — to/regarding the subject or theme
상대적으로: sangdaejeogeuro — relatively, comparatively, in relation to
결정되어야: gyeoljeongdoeeoया — must be decided or determined
하는: haneun — doing, that does, which does
문제이다: munjeida — it is a problem or matter, issue

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