The Republic — Page 1
The Republic of Plato is the longest of his works with the exception of the Laws, and is certainly the greatest of them.
A República de Platão é a mais longa de suas obras, com exceção das Leis, e é certamente a maior delas.
There are nearer approaches to modern metaphysics in the Philebus and in the Sophist; the Politicus or Statesman is more ideal; the form and institutions of the State are more clearly drawn out in the Laws; as works of art, the Symposium and the Protagoras are of higher excellence.
Há aproximações mais próximas à metafísica moderna no Filebo e no Sofista; o Político ou Estadista é mais ideal; a forma e as instituições do Estado são mais claramente delineadas nas Leis; como obras de arte, o Simpósio e o Protágoras são de maior excelência.
But no other Dialogue of Plato has the same largeness of view and the same perfection of style; no other shows an equal knowledge of the world, or contains more of those thoughts which are new as well as old, and not of one age only but of all.
Mas nenhum outro Diálogo de Platão possui a mesma amplitude de visão e a mesma perfeição de estilo; nenhum outro demonstra igual conhecimento do mundo, ou contém mais daqueles pensamentos que são tanto novos quanto antigos, e não de uma época apenas, mas de todas.
Nowhere in Plato is there a deeper irony or a greater wealth of humour or imagery, or more dramatic power.
Em nenhum outro lugar em Platão há uma ironia mais profunda ou uma maior riqueza de humor ou de imagens, ou maior poder dramático.
Nor in any other of his writings is the attempt made to interweave life and speculation, or to connect politics with philosophy.
Nem em nenhum outro de seus escritos se faz a tentativa de entrelaçar vida e especulação, ou de conectar a política com a filosofia.
The Republic is the centre around which the other Dialogues may be grouped; here philosophy reaches the highest point (cp, especially in Books V, VI, VII) to which ancient thinkers ever attained.
A República é o centro em torno do qual os outros Diálogos podem ser agrupados; aqui a filosofia atinge o ponto mais alto (cf., especialmente nos Livros V, VI, VII) que os pensadores antigos jamais alcançaram.
Plato among the Greeks, like Bacon among the moderns, was the first who conceived a method of knowledge, although neither of them always distinguished the bare outline or form from the substance of truth; and both of them had to be content with an abstraction of science which was not yet realized.
Platão entre os gregos, assim como Bacon entre os modernos, foi o primeiro que concebeu um método de conhecimento, embora nenhum deles tenha sempre distinguido o simples esboço ou forma da substância da verdade; e ambos tiveram de se contentar com uma abstração da ciência que ainda não havia sido realizada.
Vocabulary
- República
- reh-POO-blee-kah — Republic; Plato's famous philosophical dialogue on justice
- Platão
- plah-TOWING — Plato; ancient Greek philosopher and writer
- mais
- my-sh — More; used in comparisons or to indicate greater degree
- longa
- LON-gah — Long (feminine); describing extended length or duration
- suas
- SOO-ahsh — His, her, their (feminine plural possessive pronoun)
- obras
- OH-brahsh — Works; literary, artistic, or philosophical productions
- exceção
- eh-seh-SOWING — Exception; something excluded from a general rule
- Leis
- LAY-sh — Laws; Plato's last and longest philosophical dialogue
- certamente
- sehr-tah-MEN-teh — Certainly; without doubt, used to affirm a statement
- maior
- my-OR — Greater, larger; comparative adjective indicating superiority
- delas
- DEH-lahsh — Of them (feminine); contraction of de + elas
- Há
- ah — There is, there are; third-person form of haver
- aproximações
- ah-proh-see-mah-SOYNG-sh — Approximations; close resemblances or near comparisons
- próximas
- PROH-see-mahsh — Close, near (feminine plural); in proximity to something
- metafísica
- meh-tah-FEE-zee-kah — Metaphysics; branch of philosophy studying fundamental reality
- moderna
- moh-DEHR-nah — Modern (feminine); relating to current or recent times
- Filebo
- fee-LEH-boo — Philebus; Plato's dialogue on pleasure and the good
- Sofista
- soh-FEES-tah — Sophist; Plato's dialogue defining the sophist figure
- Político
- poh-LEE-tee-koo — Statesman; Plato's dialogue on the ideal political ruler
- Estadista
- esh-tah-DEES-tah — Statesman; skilled and experienced political leader
- ideal
- ee-deh-AHL — Ideal; representing the best or most perfect standard
- forma
- FOR-mah — Form, shape; the way something is structured or organized
- instituições
- een-stee-too-ee-SOYNG-sh — Institutions; established organizations or social structures
- Estado
- esh-TAH-doo — State; organized political community or government body
- claramente
- klah-rah-MEN-teh — Clearly; in a clear and understandable manner
- delineadas
- deh-lee-neh-AH-dahsh — Outlined, delineated (feminine plural); clearly described or drawn
- como
- KOH-moo — As, like, how; used for comparison or manner
- arte
- AR-teh — Art; skill or creative expression in various forms
- Simpósio
- seem-POH-zee-oo — Symposium; Plato's dialogue on love and beauty
- Protágoras
- proh-TAH-goh-rahsh — Protagoras; Plato's dialogue on virtue and sophistry
- excelência
- eh-seh-LEN-see-ah — Excellence; the quality of being outstanding or superior
- nenhum
- neh-NYOOM — No, none, not any (masculine singular pronoun/adjective)
- outro
- OH-troo — Other, another (masculine singular); different from this one
- Diálogo
- dee-AH-loh-goo — Dialogue; a philosophical conversation in written form
- possui
- poh-ZOO-ee — Possesses, has; third-person singular of possuir
- mesma
- MEZ-mah — Same (feminine); identical to what was previously mentioned
- amplitude
- am-plee-TOO-deh — Breadth, amplitude; wide scope or range of something
- visão
- vee-ZOWING — Vision; the ability to see or a mental perspective
- perfeição
- pehr-fay-SOWING — Perfection; the state of being flawless or complete
- estilo
- esh-TEE-loo — Style; a distinctive manner of expression or writing
- demonstra
- deh-MON-strah — Demonstrates, shows; third-person singular of demonstrar
- igual
- ee-GWAHL — Equal, same; identical in value, quality, or degree
- conhecimento
- koh-nyeh-see-MEN-too — Knowledge; understanding or awareness of facts and truths
- mundo
- MOON-doo — World; the earth or the totality of human existence
- contém
- kon-TENG — Contains; holds within, includes as part of itself
- daqueles
- dah-KEH-lesh — Of those (masculine plural); contraction of de + aqueles
- pensamentos
- pen-sah-MEN-toosh — Thoughts; ideas or reflections formed in the mind
- tanto
- TAN-too — As much, so much; indicating quantity or degree
- novos
- NOH-voosh — New (masculine plural); recently created or discovered things
- quanto
- KWAN-too — As, how much; used in comparisons of quantity
- antigos
- an-TEE-goosh — Old, ancient (masculine plural); from earlier times
- época
- EH-poh-kah — Epoch, era; a distinct period or age in history
- apenas
- ah-PEH-nahsh — Only, just; limiting to a single thing or amount
- todas
- TOH-dahsh — All (feminine plural); every single one of them
- lugar
- loo-GAR — Place, location; a specific spot or physical area
- há
- ah — There is, there are; third-person of haver
- ironia
- ee-roh-NEE-ah — Irony; saying the opposite of what is truly meant
- profunda
- proh-FOON-dah — Deep, profound (feminine); intense and intellectually serious
- riqueza
- hee-KEH-zah — Richness, wealth; abundance of valuable qualities or resources
- humor
- oo-MOR — Humor; quality of being funny or amusing in expression
- imagens
- ee-MAH-zhengsh — Images; mental or visual representations of things
- poder
- poh-DEHR — Power; ability, force, or capacity to do something
- dramático
- drah-MAH-tee-koo — Dramatic; relating to theatre or strikingly vivid expression
- Nem
- neng — Nor, not even; negative conjunction connecting two clauses
- seus
- SAY-oosh — His, her, their (masculine plural possessive pronoun)
- escritos
- esh-KREE-toosh — Writings; texts or documents produced by an author
- faz
- fahsh — Makes, does; third-person singular present of fazer
- tentativa
- ten-tah-TEE-vah — Attempt, try; an effort made to accomplish something
- entrelaçar
- en-treh-lah-SAR — To interweave, to intertwine; to link things closely together
- vida
- VEE-dah — Life; the existence and experiences of a living being
- especulação
- esh-peh-koo-lah-SOWING — Speculation; theoretical thinking without definitive conclusions
- conectar
- koh-nek-TAR — To connect; to link or join two things together
- política
- poh-LEE-tee-kah — Politics; the theory and practice of governing society
- filosofia
- fee-loh-zoh-FEE-ah — Philosophy; the study of fundamental questions about existence
- centro
- SEN-troo — Center; the middle point around which things revolve
- torno
- TOR-noo — Around; used in em torno de meaning surrounding something
- qual
- kwahl — Which, who; relative pronoun identifying a specific thing
- outros
- OH-troosh — Others (masculine plural); different or additional ones
- Diálogos
- dee-AH-loh-goosh — Dialogues; Plato's philosophical works written as conversations
- podem
- POH-deng — Can, are able to; third-person plural of poder
- ser
- sehr — To be; infinitive expressing permanent states or identities
- agrupados
- ah-groo-PAH-doosh — Grouped, clustered (masculine plural); arranged into categories
- aqui
- ah-KEE — Here; in this place or at this point in discussion
- atinge
- ah-TEEN-zheh — Reaches, attains; third-person singular of atingir
- ponto
- PON-too — Point; a specific location, moment, or argument
- alto
- AHL-too — High; elevated in position, quality, or degree
- especialmente
- esh-peh-see-AHL-men-teh — Especially; to a greater degree than other things
- Livros
- LEE-vroosh — Books; written or printed works bound together
- pensadores
- pen-sah-DOH-resh — Thinkers; people who engage in deep intellectual reflection
- jamais
- zhah-MY-sh — Never, ever; at no point in time whatsoever
- alcançaram
- ahl-kan-SAH-rowing — Reached, achieved; third-person plural past of alcançar
- entre
- EN-treh — Between, among; preposition indicating position or relation
- gregos
- GREH-goosh — Greeks; people from ancient or modern Greece
- assim
- ah-SEENG — Thus, so, in this way; indicating manner or comparison
- modernos
- moh-DEHR-noosh — Modern ones (masculine plural); thinkers of recent times
- foi
- foy — Was, went; third-person singular simple past of ser/ir
- primeiro
- pree-MAY-roo — First; the one that precedes all others in order
- concebeu
- kon-seh-BEH-oo — Conceived, devised; past tense of conceber, to conceive
- método
- MEH-toh-doo — Method; a systematic way of doing or studying something
- embora
- em-BOH-rah — Although, even though; conjunction introducing a concession
- deles
- DEH-lesh — Of them (masculine); contraction of de + eles
- tenha
- TEN-yah — Has (subjunctive); subjunctive form of ter used in clauses
- sempre
- SEM-preh — Always; at all times, without exception
- distinguido
- dees-teen-GHEE-doo — Distinguished; past participle of distinguir, to differentiate
- simples
- SEEM-plesh — Simple; basic, uncomplicated, easy to understand
- esboço
- esh-BOH-soo — Sketch, outline; a rough draft or preliminary version
- substância
- soob-STAN-see-ah — Substance; the essential matter or core of something
- verdade
- vehr-DAH-deh — Truth; that which is factual or genuinely real
- ambos
- AM-boosh — Both (masculine); referring to two people or things together
- tiveram
- tee-VEH-rowing — Had; third-person plural simple past of ter
- contentar
- kon-ten-TAR — To content, to satisfy; to be satisfied with something
- abstração
- abs-trah-SOWING — Abstraction; a general concept detached from concrete reality
- ciência
- see-EN-see-ah — Science; systematic knowledge gained through observation and study
- ainda
- ah-EEN-dah — Still, yet; indicating continuation or something not yet done
- havia
- ah-VEE-ah — Had; imperfect past tense of haver, indicating past existence
- sido
- SEE-doo — Been; past participle of ser, used in perfect tenses
- realizada
- heh-ah-lee-ZAH-dah — Realized, accomplished (feminine); brought into actual existence
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