The Republic — Page 11
Tried by this test, several of the Platonic Dialogues, according to our modern ideas, appear to be defective, but the deficiency is no proof that they were composed at different times or by different hands.
Submetidos a este teste, vários dos Diálogos Platônicos, de acordo com nossas ideias modernas, parecem ser deficientes, mas a deficiência não é prova de que foram compostos em épocas diferentes ou por mãos diferentes.
And the supposition that the Republic was written uninterruptedly and by a continuous effort is in some degree confirmed by the numerous references from one part of the work to another.
E a suposição de que a República foi escrita ininterruptamente e por um esforço contínuo é em certa medida confirmada pelas numerosas referências de uma parte da obra a outra.
The second title, 'Concerning Justice,' is not the one by which the Republic is quoted, either by Aristotle or generally in antiquity, and, like the other second titles of the Platonic Dialogues, may therefore be assumed to be of later date.
O segundo título, 'Sobre a Justiça', não é aquele pelo qual a República é citada, nem por Aristóteles nem geralmente na Antiguidade, e, como os outros segundos títulos dos Diálogos Platônicos, pode portanto ser considerado de data posterior.
Morgenstern and others have asked whether the definition of justice, which is the professed aim, or the construction of the State is the principal argument of the work.
Morgenstern e outros perguntaram se a definição de justiça, que é o objetivo declarado, ou a construção do Estado é o argumento principal da obra.
The answer is, that the two blend in one, and are two faces of the same truth; for justice is the order of the State, and the State is the visible embodiment of justice under the conditions of human society.
A resposta é que os dois se fundem em um, e são duas faces da mesma verdade; pois a justiça é a ordem do Estado, e o Estado é a corporificação visível da justiça sob as condições da sociedade humana.
The one is the soul and the other is the body, and the Greek ideal of the State, as of the individual, is a fair mind in a fair body.
Um é a alma e o outro é o corpo, e o ideal grego do Estado, assim como do indivíduo, é uma mente sã em um corpo são.
In Hegelian phraseology the state is the reality of which justice is the idea.
Na fraseologia hegeliana, o Estado é a realidade da qual a justiça é a ideia.
Vocabulary
- Submetidos
- soob-meh-TEE-doosh — Subjected or submitted to something
- a
- ah — To, at, or the (feminine article)
- este
- EHS-chee — This (masculine demonstrative pronoun)
- teste
- TEHS-chee — A test or examination
- vários
- VAH-ree-oosh — Several or various items or people
- dos
- doosh — Contraction of de + os, meaning of the
- Diálogos
- dee-AH-loh-goosh — Dialogues or conversations between people
- de
- dee — Of, from, or by (preposition)
- acordo
- ah-KOR-doo — Agreement or accordance with something
- com
- kong — With (preposition indicating accompaniment)
- nossas
- NOH-sahsh — Our (feminine plural possessive pronoun)
- ideias
- ee-DAY-ahsh — Ideas or concepts held by someone
- modernas
- moh-DEHR-nahsh — Modern or contemporary in nature
- parecem
- pah-REH-seng — They seem or appear to be
- ser
- sehr — To be (permanent state verb)
- deficientes
- deh-fee-see-EHN-chees — Deficient, lacking, or inadequate in quality
- mas
- mahsh — But (conjunction showing contrast)
- deficiência
- deh-fee-see-EHN-see-ah — Deficiency or lack of something essential
- não
- nowng — No or not (negation word)
- é
- eh — Is (third person singular of ser)
- prova
- PROH-vah — Proof, evidence, or a test
- que
- kee — That, which, or what (conjunction/pronoun)
- foram
- FOH-rang — Were (past tense of ser/estar)
- compostos
- kom-POHS-toosh — Composed or written by someone
- em
- eng — In or at (preposition of location/time)
- épocas
- EH-poh-kahsh — Epochs or periods of historical time
- diferentes
- dee-feh-REHN-chees — Different or distinct from each other
- ou
- oh — Or (conjunction indicating alternatives)
- por
- por — By or through (preposition of agent)
- mãos
- mowngsh — Hands (plural noun)
- E
- ee — And (conjunction joining clauses)
- suposição
- soo-poh-zee-SOWNG — Supposition or assumption about something
- República
- heh-POO-blee-kah — Republic or Plato's philosophical work
- escrita
- esh-KREE-tah — Written (feminine past participle)
- esforço
- esh-FOR-soo — Effort or exertion toward a goal
- contínuo
- kon-CHEE-noo-oo — Continuous or unbroken over time
- certa
- SEHR-tah — Certain or sure (feminine adjective)
- medida
- meh-JEE-dah — Measure or extent of something
- confirmada
- kon-feer-MAH-dah — Confirmed or verified by evidence
- pelas
- PEH-lahsh — By the (feminine plural contraction)
- numerosas
- noo-meh-ROH-zahsh — Numerous or many in quantity
- referências
- heh-feh-REHN-see-ahsh — References or citations to something
- uma
- OO-mah — One or a (feminine indefinite article)
- parte
- PAR-chee — Part or portion of a whole
- da
- dah — Of the (feminine contraction de + a)
- obra
- OH-brah — Work, literary or artistic creation
- outra
- OH-trah — Another or other (feminine adjective)
- O
- oo — The (masculine singular definite article)
- segundo
- seh-GOON-doo — Second or according to (adjective/preposition)
- título
- CHEE-too-loo — Title of a book or work
- 'Sobre
- SOH-bree — About or over (preposition)
- Justiça'
- zhoos-TEE-sah — Justice or fairness in society
- aquele
- ah-KEH-lee — That one (masculine demonstrative pronoun)
- pelo
- PEH-loo — By the (masculine contraction por + o)
- qual
- kwahl — Which or that (relative pronoun)
- citada
- see-TAH-dah — Cited or quoted by someone
- nem
- neng — Nor or not even (negative conjunction)
- geralmente
- zheh-rahl-MEHN-chee — Generally or usually in most cases
- na
- nah — In the (feminine contraction em + a)
- Antiguidade
- an-chee-gwee-DAH-jee — Antiquity or ancient historical period
- como
- KOH-moo — As, like, or how (conjunction/adverb)
- os
- oosh — The (masculine plural definite article)
- outros
- OH-troosh — Others or other ones (masculine plural)
- segundos
- seh-GOON-doosh — Seconds or second ones (plural noun)
- títulos
- CHEE-too-loosh — Titles of works or documents
- pode
- POH-jee — Can or is able to (verb)
- portanto
- por-TAHN-too — Therefore or thus (logical conclusion)
- considerado
- kon-see-deh-RAH-doo — Considered or regarded as something
- data
- DAH-tah — Date or a specific point in time
- posterior
- pohs-teh-ree-OR — Later or posterior in time or position
- perguntaram
- pehr-goon-TAH-rang — They asked or questioned someone about something
- se
- see — If or whether (conditional conjunction)
- definição
- deh-fee-nee-SOWNG — Definition or explanation of a concept
- justiça
- zhoos-TEE-sah — Justice or fairness as a principle
- o
- oo — The (masculine singular definite article)
- objetivo
- oh-bzheh-CHEE-voo — Objective or goal to be achieved
- declarado
- deh-klah-RAH-doo — Declared or stated openly by someone
- construção
- kons-troo-SOWNG — Construction or building of something
- Estado
- esh-TAH-doo — State or country as a political entity
- argumento
- ar-goo-MEHN-too — Argument or reasoning in a discussion
- principal
- preen-see-PAHL — Main or principal in importance
- A
- ah — The (feminine singular definite article)
- resposta
- heh-POHS-tah — Answer or response to a question
- dois
- doysh — Two (masculine numeral)
- fundem
- FOON-deng — They merge or fuse together
- são
- sowng — Are (third person plural of ser)
- duas
- DOO-ahsh — Two (feminine numeral)
- faces
- FAH-sees — Faces or sides of something
- mesma
- MEHZ-mah — Same (feminine adjective)
- verdade
- vehr-DAH-jee — Truth or reality of something
- pois
- poysh — Because or for (causal conjunction)
- ordem
- OR-deng — Order or organization of something
- visível
- vee-ZEE-vehl — Visible or able to be seen
- sob
- sohb — Under or beneath (preposition)
- as
- ahsh — The (feminine plural definite article)
- condições
- kon-dee-SOYNG-sh — Conditions or circumstances affecting something
- sociedade
- soh-see-eh-DAH-jee — Society or community of people living together
- humana
- oo-MAH-nah — Human (feminine adjective)
- Um
- oong — One or a (masculine indefinite article)
- alma
- AHL-mah — Soul or spirit of a person
- outro
- OH-troo — Another or the other one (masculine)
- corpo
- KOR-poo — Body (physical form of a person)
- ideal
- ee-deh-AHL — Ideal or perfect standard to achieve
- grego
- GREH-goo — Greek, relating to Greece or its culture
- assim
- ah-SING — Thus, so, or in this way
- indivíduo
- een-jee-VEE-doo-oo — Individual or single person in society
- mente
- MEHN-chee — Mind or intellect of a person
- sã
- sawng — Healthy or sound (feminine adjective)
- Na
- nah — In the (feminine contraction em + a)
- realidade
- heh-ah-lee-DAH-jee — Reality or the actual state of things
- ideia
- ee-DAY-ah — Idea or concept in someone's mind
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