The Republic — Page 3

English → Chinese INTRODUCTION AND ANALYSIS. Level 9/10

Neither must we forget that the Republic is but the third part of a still larger design which was to have included an ideal history of Athens, as well as a political and physical philosophy.

我们也不能忘记，《理想国》不过是一个更宏大构想的第三部分，这一构想原本还应包括一部雅典的理想史，以及政治哲学与自然哲学。

The fragment of the Critias has given birth to a world-famous fiction, second only in importance to the tale of Troy and the legend of Arthur; and is said as a fact to have inspired some of the early navigators of the sixteenth century.

《克里提亚斯》的残篇催生了一部举世闻名的虚构故事，其重要性仅次于特洛伊传说与亚瑟王传奇；据说它确实启发了十六世纪的一些早期航海家。

This mythical tale, of which the subject was a history of the wars of the Athenians against the Island of Atlantis, is supposed to be founded upon an unfinished poem of Solon, to which it would have stood in the same relation as the writings of the logographers to the poems of Homer.

这个神话故事以雅典人对抗亚特兰蒂斯岛的战争史为主题，据推测是以梭伦一首未完成的诗歌为基础，其与该诗的关系，犹如散文史家的著作之于荷马的诗篇。

It would have told of a struggle for Liberty (cp. Tim. 25 C), intended to represent the conflict of Persia and Hellas.

它本将讲述一场争取自由的斗争（参见《蒂迈欧篇》25C），意在象征波斯与希腊之间的冲突。

We may judge from the noble commencement of the Timaeus, from the fragment of the Critias itself, and from the third book of the Laws, in what manner Plato would have treated this high argument.

我们可以从《蒂迈欧篇》那崇高的开篇、《克里提亚斯》残篇本身，以及《法律篇》第三卷中，推想柏拉图会以怎样的方式处理这一宏大主题。

Vocabulary

我们: wǒmen — We, us; first person plural pronoun.
也: yě — Also, too; indicates addition or similarity.
不能: bù néng — Cannot, must not; expressing inability or prohibition.
忘记: wàngjì — To forget; fail to remember something.
理想国: Lǐxiǎng Guó — The Republic; Plato's famous philosophical dialogue.
不过: búguò — However, but; used to introduce a contrast.
是: shì — To be; linking verb indicating identity or state.
一个: yī gè — One; general measure word for a single item.
更: gèng — Even more; to a greater degree or extent.
宏大: hóngdà — Grand, vast; describing something immense in scale.
构想: gòuxiǎng — Conception, plan; an idea or scheme conceived mentally.
的: de — Structural particle indicating possession or modification.
第三: dì sān — Third; ordinal number indicating position three.
部分: bùfen — Part, section; a portion of a larger whole.
这一: zhè yī — This one; referring to a specific item just mentioned.
原本: yuánběn — Originally, in the beginning; referring to the original state.
还: hái — Still, also; indicating continuation or addition.
应: yīng — Should, ought to; expressing obligation or expectation.
包括: bāokuò — To include, comprise; encompassing certain elements.
一部: yī bù — One volume or work; measure word for books or films.
雅典: Yǎdiǎn — Athens; capital city of ancient and modern Greece.
理想: lǐxiǎng — Ideal, perfect; a cherished goal or perfect standard.
史: shǐ — History, chronicle; a record of past events.
以及: yǐjí — As well as, and; connecting additional items in a list.
政治: zhèngzhì — Politics; activities related to governance and power.
哲学: zhéxué — Philosophy; the study of fundamental questions of existence.
与: yǔ — And, with; formal conjunction connecting two elements.
自然: zìrán — Nature, natural; the physical world or spontaneous state.
残篇: cánpiān — Fragment, incomplete text; surviving portion of lost work.
催生: cuīshēng — To give rise to, spawn; cause something new to emerge.
了: le — Particle indicating completion or change of state.
举世闻名: jǔ shì wén míng — World-famous; known and celebrated throughout the entire world.
虚构: xūgòu — Fictional, fabricated; not based on real events.
故事: gùshi — Story, tale; a narrative account of events.
其: qí — Its, their; third-person possessive pronoun in formal usage.
重要性: zhòngyàoxìng — Importance, significance; the quality of being important.
仅次于: jǐn cì yú — Second only to; ranking just below something else.
传说: chuánshuō — Legend, myth; a traditional story passed down generations.
传奇: chuánqí — Legend, legendary story; remarkable tale of heroic deeds.
据说: jùshuō — It is said that; reportedly, according to accounts.
它: tā — It; third-person singular pronoun for non-human subjects.
确实: quèshí — Indeed, truly; confirming something as genuinely true.
启发: qǐfā — To inspire, enlighten; stimulate thought or creativity.
十六: shíliù — Sixteen; the number 16.
世纪: shìjì — Century; a period of one hundred years.
一些: yīxiē — Some, a few; an unspecified small quantity.
早期: zǎoqī — Early period; the beginning stage of something.
航海家: hánghǎijiā — Navigator, seafarer; person who explores by sea.
这个: zhège — This; demonstrative pronoun pointing to a nearby thing.
神话: shénhuà — Myth, mythology; traditional story involving gods or heroes.
以: yǐ — With, using; formal preposition indicating means or basis.
对抗: duìkàng — To oppose, resist; confront or stand against someone.
岛: dǎo — Island; a landmass surrounded by water.
战争史: zhànzhēng shǐ — History of war; chronicle of military conflicts.
为: wéi — As, to be; formal verb or preposition indicating purpose.
主题: zhǔtí — Theme, subject; the central topic of a work.
据: jù — According to; based on a source or evidence.
推测: tuīcè — To speculate, infer; draw conclusions from limited evidence.
一首: yī shǒu — One poem or song; measure word for poems.
未: wèi — Not yet; indicating something has not been completed.
完成: wánchéng — To complete, finish; bring a task to its end.
诗歌: shīgē — Poetry, poem; literary art form using verse.
基础: jīchǔ — Foundation, basis; the underlying ground or starting point.
关系: guānxi — Relationship, connection; the way two things relate.
犹如: yóurú — Just like, as if; used to draw a comparison.
散文: sǎnwén — Prose; non-metrical written literary composition.
史家: shǐjiā — Historian; scholar who records and studies history.
著作: zhùzuò — Work, writings; a published or scholarly composition.
之于: zhī yú — In relation to; formal phrase expressing comparison or relevance.
诗篇: shīpiān — Poem, poetic work; a piece of poetic literature.
讲述: jiǎngshù — To narrate, recount; tell a story or describe events.
一场: yī chǎng — One instance of; measure word for events or battles.
争取: zhēngqǔ — To strive for, fight for; work hard to obtain.
自由: zìyóu — Freedom, liberty; the state of being free.
斗争: dòuzhēng — Struggle, fight; a conflict or effort against opposition.
参见: cānjiàn — See also, refer to; directing reader to another source.
意在: yì zài — Intended to, aims to; the purpose or intention is.
象征: xiàngzhēng — To symbolize; represent something abstract through imagery.
希腊: Xīlà — Greece; country in southeastern Europe, ancient civilization.
之间: zhījiān — Between, among; in the space or relationship separating things.
冲突: chōngtū — Conflict, clash; a serious disagreement or violent encounter.
可以: kěyǐ — Can, may; expressing permission or possibility.
从: cóng — From; preposition indicating a starting point or source.
那: nà — That; demonstrative pronoun referring to distant thing.
崇高: chónggāo — Sublime, lofty; noble and morally or aesthetically elevated.
开篇: kāipiān — Opening passage; the beginning section of a written work.
本身: běnshēn — Itself, in itself; the thing itself without other factors.
第三卷: dì sān juǎn — Volume three; the third book or chapter of a work.
中: zhōng — In, within; indicating location inside something.
推想: tuīxiǎng — To infer, conjecture; reason toward a possible conclusion.
会: huì — Will, would; indicating future action or capability.
怎样: zěnyàng — How, in what way; asking about manner or method.
方式: fāngshì — Method, manner; the way something is done.
处理: chǔlǐ — To handle, deal with; manage or process a matter.

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