The Scarlet Letter — Page 4

Vocabulary

最初

saisho — First, beginning, the very start of something

は

wa — Topic-marking particle indicating the subject

今

ima — Now, the present moment

から

kara — From, since, because

三

san — The number three

四

shi / yon — The number four

年

nen — Year, used as a counter for years

前

mae — Before, in front of, ago

の

no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns

こと

koto — Thing, matter, fact, circumstance

で

de — At, by means of, particle indicating location or method

その

sono — That, referring to something previously mentioned

時

toki — Time, moment, occasion

私

watashi — I, me, first-person singular pronoun

読者

dokusha — Reader, a person who reads a text

に

ni — To, at, in; indirect object or location particle

寛大

kandai — Generous, tolerant, magnanimous in nature

な

na — Adjectival particle connecting na-adjectives to nouns

とっ

totte — For, in regard to (て-form of とる in set phrase)

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting verb phrases

も

mo — Also, too, even; additive particle

著者

chosha — Author, writer of a book or text

どちら

dochira — Which one of two; polite form of どっち

想像

sōzō — Imagination, the act of forming mental images

できる

dekiru — To be able to, to be possible

いかなる

ikanaru — Any kind of, whatever, no matter what

理由

riyū — Reason, cause, grounds for something

なく

naku — Without, lacking (negative conjunctive form)

弁解

benkai — Excuse, justification, defense of one's actions

余地

yochi — Room, margin, leeway for something

古い

furui — Old, aged, not new

牧師

bokushi — Pastor, Protestant minister or clergyman

館

kan / yakata — Hall, mansion, large building or residence

深い

fukai — Deep, profound, intense

静寂

seijaku — Silence, stillness, tranquility

中

naka / chū — Inside, middle, among, within

生活

seikatsu — Daily life, lifestyle, living

ぶり

buri — Manner, style, way of doing something

を

wo / o — Object-marking particle indicating direct object

描写

byōsha — Description, depiction, portrayal of something

し

shi — And, doing (conjunctive form of する)

お

o — Honorific prefix added to nouns or verbs

伝え

tsutae — To convey, communicate, pass along information

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb marker

そして

soshite — And then, and also, moreover

功績

kōseki — Achievement, meritorious service, distinguished contribution

超え

koe — Exceeding, surpassing, going beyond a limit

ある

aru — To exist, to be (for inanimate things)

が

ga — Subject marker particle; but, however

前回

zenkai — Last time, previous occasion or instance

一人

hitori — One person, alone

か

ka — Or; question-marking particle

二人

futari — Two people, a pair

聞き手

kikite — Listener, audience member, one who listens

得

e / uru — To obtain, gain, be able to acquire

られる

rareru — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix

ほど

hodo — To the extent of, about, approximately

幸運

kōun — Good luck, fortune, favorable circumstance

あっ

atte — Being, having (te-form of ある)

ゆえ

yue — Therefore, because of, for that reason

再び

futatabi — Again, once more, a second time

大衆

taishū — The general public, the masses

上着

uwagi — Jacket, coat, outer garment worn on top

ボタン

botan — Button, a fastening on clothing

つかみ

tsukami — Grabbing, seizing, grasping hold of something

税関

zeikan — Customs office, border checkpoint for goods inspection

年間

nenkan — Throughout the year, annual period of time

経験

keiken — Experience, personal encounter with an event

つい

tsui — Unintentionally, inadvertently, just recently

語ろう

katarō — Let us talk, volitional form of to narrate

と

to — With, and, quotation particle

いる

iru — To exist, to be (for animate beings)

有名

yūmei — Famous, well-known, celebrated

この

kono — This, referring to something nearby

教区

kyōku — Parish, ecclesiastical district of a church

書記

shoki — Clerk, secretary, record keeper

先例

senrei — Precedent, previous example to be followed

これ

kore — This, referring to something close to speaker

忠実

chūjitsu — Faithful, loyal, devoted, true to something

倣わ

narawa — To follow, imitate, model after someone

れ

re — Passive verb suffix indicating receiving an action

かつて

katsute — Once, formerly, in the past

なかっ

nakatta — Was not, did not exist (past negative)

しかし

shikashi — However, but, nevertheless

ながら

nagara — While doing, although, even though

真実

shinjitsu — Truth, reality, what is genuinely true

こう

kō — Like this, in this way

よう

yō — Seeming like, appearing as if, manner

思わ

omowa — To think, feel, consider (base/passive form)

れる

reru — Passive/potential auxiliary verb suffix

自ら

mizukara — Oneself, personally, by one's own hand

書き記し

kakinatoshi — To write down, record in writing

葉

ha / yō — Leaf; also page or thin flat thing

風

kaze / fū — Wind, breeze; style or manner

放つ

hanatsu — To release, let go, set free

とき

toki — When, at the time of

彼

kare — He, him, third-person male pronoun

語りかける

katarikakeru — To speak to, address someone directly

本

hon — Book, a bound written or printed work

投げ捨てる

nagesuteru — To throw away, discard, toss aside

手

te — Hand, arm

取り

tori — Taking, picking up (conjunctive form)

さえ

sae — Even, not even, as long as

ない

nai — Not, does not exist, negative form

多く

ōku — Many, much, a large number

人々

hitobito — People, various individuals, folk

学友

gakuyū — Classmate, fellow student, academic companion

や

ya — And (listing particle), or

人生

jinsei — Life, one's lifetime experience

伴侶

hanryo — Companion, partner, life partner

ほとんど

hotondo — Almost, mostly, nearly all

より

yori — More than, compared to, from

よく

yoku — Well, often, frequently

理解

rikai — Understanding, comprehension, insight

くれる

kureru — To give (to me), to do for me

あろう

arō — Probably is, likely to be (volitional of ある)

少数

shōsū — Small number, minority, few people

だ

da — Is, am, are (plain form copula)

実際

jissai — Actually, in reality, in practice

はるか

haruka — Far, much more, by far

完全

kanzen — Complete, perfect, total, thorough

共感

kyōkan — Empathy, sympathy, shared feeling

持つ

motsu — To hold, have, possess

ただ

tada — Only, merely, just, simply

一つ

hitotsu — One (thing), a single item

心

kokoro — Heart, mind, spirit, inner feeling

精神

seishin — Spirit, mind, mental energy or attitude

のみ

nomi — Only, solely, nothing but (formal)

もっぱら

moppara — Exclusively, entirely, solely devoted to

相応しい

fusawashii — Suitable, appropriate, fitting, becoming

打ち明け話

uchiakedanashi — Candid confession, intimate personal disclosure

深み

fukami — Depth, profundity, the deep part

へ

e — To, toward, directional particle

者

mono / sha — Person, one who does something

まるで

marude — Just like, as if, completely

広い

hiroi — Wide, broad, spacious

世界

sekai — World, the earth, society

向け

muke — Directed toward, intended for

投じ

tōji — To throw, cast, invest into

られ

rare — Passive auxiliary verb form

印刷

insatsu — Printing, the act of printing text

さ

sa — Nominalizing suffix; also passive marker base

書き手

kakite — Writer, the person who writes

自身

jishin — Oneself, one's own self

本性

honshō — True nature, innate character, essence

分離

bunri — Separation, detachment, isolation

断片

danpen — Fragment, piece, snippet, shard

必ずや

kanarazu ya — Certainly, without fail, surely

見つけ出し

mitsukeidashi — To find out, discover, uncover something hidden

それ

sore — That, referring to something near listener

交わり

majiwari — Fellowship, association, connection with others

もたらす

motarasu — To bring about, cause, produce a result

存在

sonzai — Existence, being, presence

完成

kansei — Completion, fulfillment, finishing something

せる

seru — Causative auxiliary verb suffix

たとえ

tatoe — Even if, even though, supposing that

客観

kyakkan — Objectivity, an objective viewpoint

的

teki — Suffix meaning -like, -ish, pertaining to

語る

kataru — To tell, narrate, speak about something

場合

baai — Case, situation, circumstance, occasion

すべて

subete — All, everything, entirely

礼儀

reigi — Etiquette, manners, courtesy, decorum

かなっ

kanatte — Fulfilling, being in accordance with (て-form)