The Scarlet Letter — Page 11

Vocabulary

そして

soshite — And then; connecting two related statements or events.

ここで

kokode — Here; at this place or point.

今から

ima kara — From now; starting from this moment.

約

yaku — Approximately; roughly; about a certain amount.

六ヶ月

roku kagetsu — Six months; a period of half a year.

前

mae — Before; ago; in front of something.

部屋

heya — Room; an enclosed space within a building.

の

no — Possessive particle linking nouns; of, 's.

隅

sumi — Corner; a secluded angle or edge of a space.

から

kara — From; starting point of movement or reason.

へと

e to — Toward; indicating direction of movement.

歩き

aruki — Walking; the act of moving on foot.

回っ

mawat(te) — Going around; turning or moving in circles.

たり

tari — Listing actions done among other things.

肘

hiji — Elbow; the joint in the middle of the arm.

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating direct object.

机

tsukue — Desk; a flat surface used for writing or working.

に

ni — Particle indicating location, direction, or time.

つき

tsuki — Resting against; propping oneself on something.

目

me — Eye; the organ of sight.

朝刊

chōkan — Morning newspaper; a daily paper published in the morning.

コラム

koramu — Column; a regular section or article in a newspaper.

上下

jōge — Up and down; vertical movement or range.

さまよわせ

samayowase — Causing to wander; letting one's gaze drift aimlessly.

ながら

nagara — While doing; simultaneous action conjunction.

長い

nagai — Long; extended in length or duration.

脚

ashi — Leg; lower limb of a person or object.

スツール

sutsūru — Stool; a backless seat without armrests.

もたれかかっ

motarekakat(te) — Leaning against; resting one's weight on something.

し

shi — And; listing multiple actions or states.

て

te — Te-form connective particle linking verb phrases.

い

i — Verb stem of iru; to exist or be (ongoing).

た

ta — Past tense marker for verbs.

その

sono — That; referring to something previously mentioned.

人物

jinbutsu — Person; character; a notable individual.

尊敬

sonkei — Respect; admiration for someone's qualities.

する

suru — To do; general-purpose action verb.

読者

dokusha — Reader; a person who reads a publication.

よ

yo — Sentence-ending particle asserting or addressing someone.

あなた

anata — You; second-person singular pronoun.

は

wa — Topic marker particle highlighting the subject.

見覚え

miおぼえ / mioboe — Recognizing by sight; having seen before.

が

ga — Subject marker particle; also indicates contrast.

あっ

at(te) — To have; to exist (aru in te-form).

かも

kamo — Perhaps; expressing possibility or uncertainty.

しれ

shire — Might; part of かもしれない expressing possibility.

ない

nai — Negative; not; negation of verbs or adjectives.

こそ

koso — Emphatic particle stressing the preceding word.

西側

nishigawa — West side; the western face of a building or area.

で

de — At; by means of; particle of location or method.

柳

yanagi — Willow; a type of slender, drooping tree.

枝

eda — Branch; a limb extending from a tree trunk.

越し

goshi — Through; over; beyond an intervening object.

陽光

yōkō — Sunlight; the light emitted by the sun.

いかにも

ikanimo — Indeed; truly; in a very fitting manner.

心地よく

kokochiyoku — Comfortably; pleasantly; in a soothing way.

きらめく

kirameku — To glitter; to sparkle or shimmer brightly.

あの

ano — That (over there); referring to a distant thing.

陽気

yōki — Cheerful; lively; merry in disposition.

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns.

小さな

chiisana — Small; little; modest in size.

書斎

shosai — Study; a private room used for reading and writing.

迎え入れ

mukaoire — To welcome in; to receive someone into a place.

同じ

onaji — Same; identical; not different.

ある

aru — To exist; to have (for inanimate things).

しかし

shikashi — However; but; introducing a contrasting statement.

今

ima — Now; the present moment.

もし

moshi — If; supposing; introducing a conditional clause.

そこ

soko — There; that place previously mentioned.

へ

e — To; toward; directional particle.

彼

kare — He; him; third-person male pronoun.

探し

sagashi — Searching; looking for someone or something.

行っ

it(te) — Going; moving toward a destination.

と

to — And; with; quotation or conditional particle.

も

mo — Also; even; too; inclusive particle.

党

tō — Party; a political or organizational group.

検査官

kensakan — Inspector; an official who examines or investigates.

尋ね

tazune — Asking; inquiring; searching for information.

徒労

torō — Futile effort; wasted labor with no result.

終わる

owaru — To end; to finish; to come to a conclusion.

だろう

darō — Probably; likely; expressing conjecture about something.

改革

kaikaku — Reform; systematic improvement or change of a system.

箒

hōki — Broom; a tool for sweeping floors or surfaces.

職

shoku — Job; occupation; one's official position or post.

追い払い

oiharai — Driving away; expelling someone from a position.

より

yori — Than; from; comparative particle.

相応しい

fusawashii — Suitable; fitting; appropriate for a role.

後任者

kōninsha — Successor; person who takes over another's position.

威厳

igen — Dignity; authority; impressive gravity of manner.

まとい

matoi — Wearing; enveloping oneself with something like dignity.

報酬

hōshū — Reward; remuneration; payment for services rendered.

懐

futokoro — Bosom; pocket; one's financial reserves or chest.

収め

osame — Putting away; storing; pocketing something received.

いる

iru — To be; to exist (for animate beings).

この

kono — This; referring to something near the speaker.

という

to iu — Called; known as; quotation linking name to noun.

古い

furui — Old; aged; not new or modern.

町

machi — Town; a small urban settlement or neighborhood.

私

watashi — I; me; first-person singular pronoun.

生まれ

umare — Birth; place or circumstance of being born.

故郷

kokyō — Hometown; one's native place of origin.

少年

shōnen — Boy; youth; a young male person.

時代

jidai — Era; period; an age or phase of life.

成熟

seijuku — Maturity; ripeness; full development of mind or body.

年齢

nenrei — Age; the number of years one has lived.

おい

oi — Hey; exclamation calling someone's attention.

間

aida / ma — Between; during; a span of time or space.

離れ

hanare — Separated; apart; detached from a place or person.

暮らし

kurashi — Living; daily life; one's way of living.

愛情

aijō — Affection; love; warm emotional attachment to something.

対し

taishi — Toward; in relation to; facing or regarding something.

種

shū / tane — Kind; sort; type; a variety of something.

支配力

shihai-ryoku — Power of control; dominating influence over something.

持っ

mot(te) — Holding; having; possessing something.

力

chikara — Power; strength; force or ability.

大き

ōki — Large; great; big (stem form of 大きい).

さ

sa — Suffix nominalizing adjectives; -ness quality.

実際

jissai — Actually; in reality; in practical terms.

ここ

koko — Here; this place close to the speaker.

住ん

sun(de) — Living; residing in a particular place.

時期

jiki — Period; time; a particular phase or season.

決して

kesshite — Never; by no means (used with negatives).

実感

jikkan — Real feeling; a vivid sense of reality.

こと

koto — Thing; fact; nominalizer turning verbs into nouns.

なかっ

nakata — Did not; past negative of ない.

実

jitsu — Truth; reality; actual fact or substance.

ところ

tokoro — Place; point; situation or circumstance.

外観

gaikan — Appearance; exterior look; outward impression.

関し

kanshi — Concerning; regarding; in relation to something.

言え

ie — Can say; potential or conditional form of 言う.

ば

ba — If; conditional particle attached to verb stems.

主に

omoni — Mainly; primarily; for the most part.

木造

mokuzō — Wooden construction; built primarily of wood.

家屋

kaoku — House; building; a residential structure.

覆わ

ōwa — Covering; spread over an area or surface.

れ

re — Passive auxiliary indicating an action done to subject.

平坦

heitan — Flat; level; without hills or significant elevation changes.

単調

tanchō — Monotonous; dull; lacking variety or interest.

地表

chihyō — Ground surface; the outer layer of the earth.

ほとんど

hotondo — Almost; mostly; nearly all of something.

建築

kenchiku — Architecture; construction; the art of building.

的

teki — Suffix meaning -ic or -al, making nouns adjectival.

美し

utsukushi — Beautiful; lovely (stem of 美しい).

主張

shuchō — Claim; assertion; to insist on a viewpoint.

もの

mono — Thing; object; nominalizer for abstract concepts.

なく

naku — Without; lacking; negative connective form of ない.

絵

e — Picture; painting; an artistic visual representation.

よう

yō — Like; as if; resembling something else.

美しく

utsukushiku — Beautifully; in a lovely or attractive manner.

趣

おもむき / omomuki — Charm; elegance; refined aesthetic quality or atmosphere.

わけ

wake — Reason; meaning; that is why something is so.

ただ

tada — Merely; just; simply; nothing more than.

平凡

heibon — Ordinary; commonplace; lacking distinction or originality.

不規則

fukisoku — Irregular; disorderly; lacking a regular pattern.

半島

hantō — Peninsula; land surrounded by water on three sides.

全体

zentai — Whole; entire; the totality of something.

わたっ

watat(te) — Spanning; extending across a space or distance.

だらだら

daradara — Dragging on; sluggishly; in a lazy meandering way.

続く

tsuzuku — To continue; to go on; to extend without stopping.

長く

nagaku — Longly; for a long time or distance.

怠惰

taida — Laziness; idleness; lack of effort or energy.

通り

tōri — Street; road; a way through a town.

一方

ippō — On one hand; one side; meanwhile.

端

hashi — Edge; end; tip of something.

もう

mō — Already; anymore; now (with change of state).

眺め

nagame — View; a scenic vista or perspective of something.

こう

kō — Like this; in this way; thus.

特徴

tokuchō — Characteristic; feature; a distinguishing quality.

なら

nara — If; given that; conditional particle.

乱雑

ranzatsu — Messy; disorderly; jumbled without organization.

並べ

narabe — Arranging; placing things side by side.

られ

rare — Passive or potential auxiliary verb ending.

盤

ban — Board; a flat surface for games or tasks.

感傷

kanshō — Sentimentality; tender nostalgic emotion for the past.

愛着

aichaku — Attachment; fondness; emotional bond to something.

抱く

idaku / daku — To hold; to embrace; to harbor a feeling.

くらい

kurai — About; approximately; to the extent of.

合理

gōri — Rationality; logical reasoning; being reasonable.

だ

da — Is; am; are; plain-form copula.

言えよう

ieyō — One could say; it may be said (volitional).