The Scarlet Letter — Page 12

Vocabulary

それでも

soredemo — Even so; nevertheless; despite that

他の

hoka no — Other; another; different

場所

basho — Place; location; spot

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or time

いる

iru — To exist; to be (animate beings)

とき

toki — Time; moment; occasion

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle

方

hou — Direction; way; side; option

が

ga — Subject-marking particle

常に

tsuneni — Always; constantly; at all times

幸福

koufuku — Happiness; well-being; felicity

で

de — Particle indicating state, means, or location of action

ある

aru — To be; to exist (inanimate or formal)

も

mo — Also; too; even; particle of inclusion

かかわらず

kakawarazu — Regardless of; despite; notwithstanding

私

watashi — I; me; first-person singular pronoun

心

kokoro — Heart; mind; spirit; inner feelings

中

naka — Inside; middle; within

は

wa — Topic-marking particle

古い

furui — Old; ancient; aged (objects or places)

へ

e — Particle indicating direction or destination

感情

kanjou — Emotion; feeling; sentiment

あり

ari — There is; exists (classical/formal form)

より

yori — Than; from; more (comparative particle)

適切

tekisetsu — Appropriate; suitable; proper; fitting

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjective to noun

言葉

kotoba — Word; language; expression; phrase

見つからない

mitsukaranai — Cannot be found; not discovered

ため

tame — For the sake of; because; purpose

愛着

aichaku — Attachment; affection; fond connection to something

と

to — And; with; quotation particle

呼ぶ

yobu — To call; to name; to refer to

こと

koto — Thing; fact; matter (nominalizer)

満足

manzoku — Satisfaction; contentment; fulfillment

し

shi — Conjunctive form of する; and/so (connector)

なければ

nakereba — If not; unless (conditional negative)

なら

nara — If; conditional particle

ない

nai — Not; negative auxiliary

この

kono — This (modifies a following noun)

おそらく

osoraku — Probably; perhaps; most likely

家族

kazoku — Family; household members

大地

daichi — The earth; ground; soil; land

深く

fukaku — Deeply; profoundly; to a great depth

張り巡らせた

harimegurasheta — Spread out; extended throughout; stretched across

年老いた

toshioita — Aged; elderly; grown old

根

ne — Root; origin; base

帰せられる

kisera reru — To be attributed to; ascribed to something

もの

mono — Thing; object; matter (nominalizer)

あろう

arou — Probably is; volitional/presumptive of ある

名

na — Name; title; designation

を

wo — Object-marking particle

持つ

motsu — To have; to hold; to possess

最初

saisho — First; beginning; the very start

移民

imin — Immigrant; emigrant; one who migrates

元

moto — Former; original; source; basis

イギリス人

Igirisujin — British person; English person

今

ima — Now; the present moment

都市

toshi — City; urban area; metropolis

なった

natta — Became; turned into (past tense of なる)

その

sono — That (modifies a following noun)

荒野

kouya — Wilderness; wasteland; wild desolate land

森

mori — Forest; woods; grove of trees

囲まれた

kakomareta — Surrounded by; encircled; enclosed

入植地

nyuushokuchi — Settlement; colony; newly established community

姿

sugata — Form; figure; appearance; shape

現して

arawashite — Revealing; showing; manifesting (conjunctive)

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting clauses

から

kara — From; since; after; because

今や

imaya — Now; by now; at this point already

約

yaku — Approximately; about; roughly

二

ni — Two; the number 2

世紀

seiki — Century; a period of one hundred years

四半

shihan — Quarter; one-fourth portion

経つ

tatsu — To pass (of time); to elapse

そして

soshite — And then; and; furthermore

ここ

koko — Here; this place

彼

kare — He; him; that man

子孫

shison — Descendants; posterity; offspring

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or animate beings

生まれ

umare — Birth; being born

死に

shini — Dying; to die (conjunctive form)

土くさい

tsuchikusai — Earthy; smelling of soil; rustic

肉体

nikutai — Physical body; flesh; corporeal form

混ぜ合わせ

mazeawase — Mixing together; blending; combining

きた

kita — Has come; has been doing (auxiliary)

そのため

sono tame — Therefore; for that reason; as a result

少なからぬ

sukunakaranu — Not a few; considerable; no small amount

部分

bubun — Part; portion; section; segment

しばし

shabashi — For a while; briefly; for a short time

間

aida / ma — Interval; between; during a period

街

machi — Town; city street; urban area

歩く

aruku — To walk; to stroll

死すべき

shisubeki — Mortal; destined to die; subject to death

必然的

hitsuzen teki — Inevitable; necessary; unavoidable; by necessity

近しい

chikashii — Close; intimate; near in relationship

なって

natte — Having become; turning into (conjunctive)

違いない

chigainai — Must be; no doubt; certainly

それゆえ

soreyue — Therefore; for that reason; hence

語る

kataru — To speak; to tell; to narrate

意味

imi — Meaning; significance; sense

おいて

oite — In; at; regarding (formal locative expression)

塵

chiri — Dust; dirt; particle; triviality

対して

taishite — Toward; against; in contrast to

抱く

idaku — To hold; to embrace; to harbor (feelings)

単なる

tannaru — Mere; simple; nothing but

感覚的

kankakuteki — Sensory; sensuous; perceptual

共感

kyoukan — Empathy; sympathy; resonance with others

過ぎない

suginai — Nothing more than; merely; only

同胞

douhousou / douhou — Fellow countrymen; brethren; compatriots

うち

uchi — Among; within; inside; one's group

これ

kore — This; this thing (proximal demonstrative)

理解

rikai — Understanding; comprehension; grasp

できる

dekiru — To be able to; can; to become possible

者

mono / sha — Person; one who does; individual

少ない

sukunai — Few; little; scarce; not many

また

mata — Also; again; furthermore; moreover

頻繁

hinpan — Frequent; repeated; occurring often

移植

ishoku — Transplant; transplantation; relocation

血統

kettou — Lineage; bloodline; pedigree; ancestry

とって

totte — For; from the perspective of (～にとって)

むしろ

mushiro — Rather; instead; on the contrary

良い

yoi / ii — Good; fine; nice; favorable

すれば

sureba — If one does; conditional form of する

彼ら

karera — They; them; those people

それ

sore — That; it (mid-distance demonstrative pronoun)

知る

shiru — To know; to learn; to be aware of

望む

nozomu — To wish; to desire; to hope for

必要

hitsuyou — Necessary; need; requirement

だろう

darou — Probably; I suppose; conjecture/presumption

しかし

shikashi — However; but; nevertheless

同様

douyou — Same; similar; in the same way

道徳的

doutokuteki — Moral; ethical; relating to morality

性質

seishitsu — Nature; character; property; quality

伝承

denshō — Tradition; folklore; passing down knowledge

よって

yotte — By means of; due to; through; because of

ぼんやりした

bonyari shita — Vague; hazy; dim; indistinct

薄暗い

usugurai — Dim; dusky; faintly dark; gloomy

威厳

igen — Dignity; majesty; solemnity; authority

まとった

matotta — Wearing; draped in; clothed with

祖先

sosen — Ancestor; forefather; forebear

記憶

kioku — Memory; recollection; remembrance

限り

kagiri — As far as; as long as; to the limit

遠い

tooi — Far; distant; remote

昔

mukashi — Long ago; the old days; ancient times

少年

shounen — Boy; youth; young male

頃

koro — Around (a time); about; period

想像

souzou — Imagination; supposition; mental image

存在

sonzai — Existence; being; entity; presence

して

shite — Doing; having done (conjunctive of する)

いた

ita — Was; existed; had been (past of いる)

つきまとい

tsukimatoi — Haunting; following persistently; clinging

過去

kako — The past; bygone times; former days

対する

taisuru — Toward; in relation to; facing; against

種

shu / tane — Kind; type; sort; seed; species

懐かしさ

natsukashisa — Nostalgia; fondness for the past

さ

sa — Suffix nominalizing adjectives into nouns

呼び起こす

yobiokоsu — To evoke; to call forth; to awaken

感覚

kankaku — Sense; sensation; feeling; perception

現在

genzai — The present; now; current time

町

machi — Town; neighborhood; district

ほとんど

hotondo — Almost; mostly; nearly; hardly

感じる

kanjiru — To feel; to sense; to perceive

でき

deki — Can; able (stem form of できる)

だ

da — Is; am; are (plain copula)