The Social Cancer: A Complete English Version of Noli Me Tangere — Page 8

Vocabulary

年

nen — Year; used for counting or referencing years.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or time.

上官

jōkan — Superior officer; a military or official superior.

の

no — Possessive or descriptive linking particle.

ため

tame — For the purpose of; for the sake of.

書か

kaka — To write (stem form of 書く, kaku).

れ

re — Passive auxiliary verb suffix indicating something was done.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary; indicates completed action.

報告書

hōkokusho — Written report or official document of findings.

中

naka — Inside; within; in the middle of something.

で

de — Particle indicating location of action or means.

彼

kare — He; third-person masculine pronoun.

は

wa — Topic marker particle highlighting the subject.

その

sono — That; demonstrative modifier referring to previously mentioned thing.

方法

hōhō — Method; way; manner of doing something.

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating direct object.

明確

meikaku — Clear; definite; explicit and unambiguous.

概説

gaisetsu — Outline; general explanation or overview of something.

し

shi — Conjunctive form of する; connects verbs or reasons.

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential or concurrent actions.

いる

iru — To be; indicates ongoing state or continuous action.

我々

wareware — We; us; first-person plural pronoun, formal tone.

が

ga — Subject marker particle; marks grammatical subject.

三つ

mittsu — Three things; native Japanese counter for three items.

村

mura — Village; small rural settlement or community.

集め

atsume — To gather; to collect people or things together.

者

mono — Person; individual; one who does something.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or living beings.

定住地

teijūchi — Settled area; place of permanent residence or settlement.

とどまり

todomari — To stay; to remain in a place without leaving.

続ける

tsuzukeru — To continue; to keep doing something without stopping.

よう

yō — In order to; so that; expressing purpose or resemblance.

する

suru — To do; general verb for performing an action.

最も

mottomo — Most; superlative adverb indicating greatest degree.

効果

kōka — Effect; result; effectiveness of an action.

的

teki — Suffix forming adjectives meaning '-like' or '-related.'

な

na — Adjective linking particle connecting na-adjectives to nouns.

恐怖

kyōfu — Fear; terror; intense feeling of dread or fright.

そして

soshite — And then; furthermore; connecting sentence or ideas.

彼ら

karera — They; them; third-person plural pronoun.

性質

seishitsu — Nature; character; inherent quality or disposition of something.

適し

tekishi — To be suited; to be appropriate or fitting for.

非常

hijō — Extraordinary; very; extremely; used as intensifier.

恐れ

osore — Fear; dread; apprehension about something threatening.

砦

toride — Fort; fortress; small defensive military structure.

と

to — And; with; quotation particle connecting nouns or clauses.

守備隊

shubidai — Garrison; military unit stationed to defend a location.

スペイン

Supein — Spain; the European country, used as a proper noun.

人

jin / hito — Person; people; also used as nationality suffix.

当該

tōgai — Said; relevant; the particular matter under discussion.

村々

muramura — Villages; plural of village, referring to multiple settlements.

たびたび

tabitabi — Repeatedly; often; again and again over time.

やっ

yatte — Doing; coming (colloquial form of やって, te-form of やる).

来

ki / kuru — To come; arrival; movement toward the speaker.

土地

tochi — Land; ground; territory or plot of earth.

荒らし

arashi — To ravage; to devastate; to lay waste to land.

回り

mawari — Going around; surrounding area; circling a place.

かつて

katsute — Once; formerly; at some time in the past.

暮らし

kurashi — Living; livelihood; daily life and way of living.

い

i — Continuative form of いる; being, existing (shortened form).

旧来

kyūrai — Traditional; long-established; from old times.

隠れ

kakure — Hiding; concealment; taking cover out of sight.

場所

basho — Place; location; spot where something exists or occurs.

奥深く

okufukaku — Deep within; far into the interior of a place.

まで

made — Until; as far as; up to a limit or point.

踏み込む

fumikоmu — To step into; to intrude deep into a place.

こと

koto — Thing; fact; nominalizer turning verbs into noun phrases.

ある

aru — To exist; there is; to have (for inanimate things).

もし

moshi — If; in case; used to introduce a conditional statement.

万が一

mangaichi — Just in case; on the off chance something happens.

何か

nanika — Something; anything; an unspecified or unknown thing.

植え

ue — To plant; planting crops or vegetation in ground.

られ

rare — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix.

もの

mono — Thing; object; something tangible or abstract.

見つけ

mitsuke — To find; to discover something previously unknown.

場合

baai — Case; situation; circumstance in which something occurs.

それ

sore — That; it; pronoun referring to something previously mentioned.

破壊

hakai — Destruction; demolition; tearing down or ruining something.

何も

nanimo — Nothing; not anything; used with negatives.

残さ

nokosa — To leave behind; to spare; to let something remain.

ず

zu — Negative conjunctive suffix meaning 'without doing.'

切り倒す

kiritaosu — To cut down; to fell trees or structures completely.

神父

shinpu — Father; Catholic priest; Christian religious leader.

自分

jibun — Oneself; myself; reflexive pronoun for any person.

守っ

mamotte — To protect; to defend; to guard someone or something.

見せる

miseru — To show; to display; to let someone see something.

とき

toki — Time; moment; when a certain situation occurs.

反対

hantai — Opposition; opposite; against; taking a contrary stance.

側

gawa — Side; faction; one party in a conflict or comparison.

立つ

tatsu — To stand; to take a position or side.

しかし

shikashi — However; but; conjunction indicating contrast or reversal.

この

kono — This; demonstrative modifier for nearby things.

件

ken — Matter; case; affair; a specific issue or incident.

おい

oite — Regarding; in; at (from において, formal locative expression).

兵士

heishi — Soldier; military serviceman; a member of armed forces.

常に

tsuneni — Always; constantly; at all times without exception.

勝利

shōri — Victory; triumph; winning a battle or competition.

必要

hitsuyō — Necessary; required; something that must be done or had.

あり

ari — There is; exists (classical or formal form of ある).

細心

saishin — Extreme care; scrupulous attention to detail.

注意

chūi — Caution; attention; careful notice of something important.

払っ

haratte — To pay; to give attention or money (te-form of 払う).

どこ

doko — Where; which place; interrogative for location.

誰

dare — Who; which person; interrogative pronoun for people.

によって

ni yotte — By means of; depending on; due to someone or something.

知らせ

shirase — To notify; to inform; a notice or report given.

また

mata — Also; again; furthermore; additionally connecting ideas.

総督

sōtoku — Governor-general; the highest colonial administrative official.

閣下

kakka — Your Excellency; honorific title for high-ranking officials.

送っ

okotte — To send; to dispatch something or someone to a place.

勅令

chokurei — Imperial decree; official order from a supreme authority.

実行

jikkō — Execution; carrying out a plan or order in practice.

さ

sa — Nominalizing suffix or softening sentence-final particle.

れる

reru — Passive or potential verb suffix; being done to subject.

いずれ

izure — Either way; eventually; sooner or later; whichever.

せよ

seyo — Do it; imperative form of する (classical command form).

対し

taishi — Toward; against; with respect to someone or something.

何ら

nanra — Any; whatsoever; used in negative contexts meaning 'nothing at all.'

迷惑

meiwaku — Nuisance; trouble; causing inconvenience or annoyance to others.

かけ

kake — To cause; to apply; to impose something on someone.

なら

nara — If; in the case that; conditional conjunctive particle.

むしろ

mushiro — Rather; instead; on the contrary; preferably.

丁重

teinei / teichō — Courteous; respectful; treating someone with great politeness.

扱わ

atsukawe — To treat; to handle; to deal with a person or thing.

なけれ

nakere — Must; negative conditional base form indicating obligation.

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'when.'

ない

nai — Negative ending; does not exist; is not the case.