The Social Cancer: A Complete English Version of Noli Me Tangere — Page 9

Vocabulary

これ

kore — This; refers to something near the speaker.

は

wa — Topic marker particle in Japanese grammar.

年

nen — Year; unit of time measurement.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns.

こと

koto — Thing; matter; fact; abstract concept or event.

で

de — Particle indicating location, means, or reason.

ある

aru — To exist; to be (for inanimate things).

に

ni — Particle indicating location, time, or direction.

この

kono — This; demonstrative adjective for nearby things.

記録

kiroku — Record; document; written account of events.

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating direct object.

書き写し

kakiutsushi — Copying by hand; transcribing a written document.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb in Japanese.

非常

hijō — Extremely; very; exceptionally; unusual degree.

示唆

shisa — Suggestion; implication; hinting at something meaningful.

富む

tomu — To be rich in; to be full of something.

注記

chūki — Note; annotation; supplementary written remark.

付け加え

tsukekuwae — To add; to append additional information or remarks.

おり

ori — Humble or plain form of 'to be'; being.

その

sono — That; demonstrative adjective for things previously mentioned.

制度

seido — System; institution; established social or political structure.

不変性

fuhensei — Immutability; unchanging nature; permanent characteristic.

明らか

akiraka — Clear; obvious; evident; plainly apparent.

する

suru — To do; general-purpose action verb.

と

to — Particle meaning 'and', 'with', or quotation marker.

ともに

tomo ni — Together with; at the same time as.

支配者

shihaisha — Ruler; governor; one who holds controlling power.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or animate beings.

が

ga — Subject marker particle in Japanese grammar.

何

nani — What; nothing; interrogative or negative pronoun.

も

mo — Also; too; even; emphatic or inclusive particle.

学ば

manaba — To learn; study (negative base form here).

ず

zu — Negative verb ending meaning 'without doing'.

忘れ

wasure — To forget; fail to remember something.

ない

nai — Negative auxiliary; not; does not exist.

という

to iu — Called; known as; expressing quoted description.

的

teki — Suffix meaning '-like', '-ish', or pertaining to.

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns.

特質

tokushitsu — Characteristic; distinctive quality or trait.

極め

kiwame — Extremely; to the utmost degree; exceedingly.

高い

takai — High; tall; expensive; elevated in degree.

程度

teido — Degree; extent; level of something.

備え

sonae — To possess; to be equipped with a quality.

示し

shimeshi — To show; to demonstrate; to indicate clearly.

いる

iru — To exist; to be (for animate beings).

から

kara — From; since; because; starting point particle.

かけ

kake — Spanning until; covering a range of time.

異教徒

ikyōto — Pagan; heathen; person of a different religion.

へ

e — Direction particle meaning toward or to.

宣教師

senkyōshi — Missionary; person spreading religious faith abroad.

務め

tsutome — Duty; service; to serve in a role.

際

sai — On the occasion of; at the time of.

私

watashi — I; me; first-person singular pronoun.

上記

jōki — Above-mentioned; stated previously in the text.

方針

hōshin — Policy; course of action; guiding principle.

実地

jisshi — Actual practice; on-site; in the field firsthand.

観察

kansatsu — Observation; careful watching and examination.

し

shi — Conjunctive form of verb; and; doing.

要塞

yōsai — Fortress; fortification; strongly defended military structure.

長

chō — Chief; head; leader of a group or place.

取る

toru — To take; to adopt; to carry out an action.

べき

beki — Should; ought to; expressing obligation or necessity.

措置

sochi — Measure; step; action taken to address something.

伝え

tsutae — To convey; to communicate; to pass on information.

それ

sore — That; refers to something previously mentioned.

影響

eikyō — Influence; effect; impact on something or someone.

及ぼさ

oyobosa — To exert; to extend influence or effect upon.

よう

yō — In order to; so that; expressing purpose or appearance.

反対

hantai — Opposition; opposite; against; contrary position.

側

gawa — Side; party; one side of something.

対し

taishi — Toward; against; in relation to something.

見せかけ

misekake — Pretense; feigning; making a false appearance.

行動

kōdō — Action; behavior; conduct; taking steps to act.

とる

toru — To take action; to adopt a course of behavior.

機会

kikai — Opportunity; chance; favorable occasion.

あっ

a(tte) — To have; there was; existence (conjunctive form).

詐欺

sagi — Fraud; deception; swindle; dishonest scheme.

力

chikara — Power; force; strength; ability.

よっ

yo(tte) — By means of; due to; through (conjunctive form).

築き上げ

kizukiage — To build up; to construct; to establish something gradually.

られ

rare — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix.

維持

iji — Maintenance; upkeep; sustaining a state or system.

さ

sa — Suffix nominalizing adjectives; also passive marker.

れ

re — Passive voice verb ending.

もの

mono — Thing; object; that which is; abstract referent.

明確

meikaku — Clear; definite; unambiguous; explicitly defined.

浮かび上がっ

ukabiagatte — To surface; to emerge; to become apparent clearly.

くる

kuru — To come; auxiliary indicating action toward speaker.

当然

tōzen — Naturally; of course; as a matter of course.

成り行き

nariyuki — Course of events; natural development; outcome.

欺瞞

giman — Deception; deceit; act of misleading others.

継続

keizoku — Continuation; persistence; keeping something going.

でき

deki — Can do; to be possible; to be capable of.

る

ru — Dictionary form verb ending; present/future tense.

間

aida / ma — While; during; interval of time or space.

そし

soshi(te) — And then; furthermore; connecting sequential events.

抑圧

yokuatsu — Oppression; suppression; holding people down by force.

十分

jūbun — Sufficient; enough; adequate amount or degree.

強さ

tsuyosa — Strength; power; degree of being strong.

保ち

tamochi — To maintain; to keep; to preserve a state.

続け

tsuzuke — To continue; to keep doing something ongoing.

だけ

dake — Only; just; limited to a certain extent.

しか

shika — Only; nothing but (used with negative verb).

存続

sonzoku — Continued existence; survival; persistence over time.

得

e / u — Can; to be able to obtain or achieve.

ため

tame — For; because of; in order to; purpose/cause.

各

kaku — Each; every; respective individual item or area.

地域

chiiki — Region; area; local district or zone.

互い

tagai — Each other; mutual; reciprocal relationship between parties.

孤立

koritsu — Isolation; being cut off from others; solitude.

せ

se — Causative verb ending; making someone do something.

共通

kyōtsū — Common; shared; mutual understanding or characteristic.

理解

rikai — Understanding; comprehension; grasping the meaning.

協力

kyōryoku — Cooperation; collaboration; working together toward goals.

向かう

mukau — To head toward; to face; to move in direction.

発展

hatten — Development; growth; progress of a society or situation.

生じ

shōji — To arise; to occur; to come about naturally.

必要

hitsuyō — Necessary; required; essential need or requirement.

また

mata — Also; again; furthermore; additionally.

永続性

eizokusei — Permanence; lasting quality; perpetual enduring nature.

人々

hitobito — People; persons; the general public collectively.

無知

muchi — Ignorance; lack of knowledge or awareness.

まま

mama — As is; remaining in a certain state unchanged.

宗教

shūkyō — Religion; organized system of spiritual belief.

政治

seiji — Politics; government; political affairs and governance.

恐怖

kyōfu — Fear; terror; intense feeling of dread.

厳しく

kibishiku — Strictly; severely; harshly; in a stern manner.

支配

shihai — Control; domination; rule over others.

自ら

mizukara — Oneself; by one's own will or action.

境遇

kyōgū — Circumstances; one's situation in life; personal conditions.

満足

manzoku — Satisfaction; contentment; being pleased with situation.

おく

oku — To keep in a state; to do in advance.

かかっ

kakatte — To depend on; to hinge upon; concerning something.

しかし

shikashi — However; but; nevertheless; conjunction of contrast.

ながら

nagara — While; although; even so; simultaneous action.

彼ら

karera — They; them; third-person plural pronoun.

旧来

kyūrai — Traditional; old-established; from former times.

生活

seikatsu — Life; daily living; lifestyle; way of living.

様式

yōshiki — Style; mode; pattern; established form or manner.

比べ

kurabe — To compare; to contrast against something else.

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'when'.

著しい

ichijirushii — Remarkable; striking; notably significant change or degree.

改善

kaizen — Improvement; betterment; making something better.

あり

ari — There is; exists; conjunctive form of aru.

もと

moto — Under; based on; original point or foundation.

成長

seichō — Growth; development; maturing of a person or thing.

つれ

tsure — As; in proportion to; following along with change.

状況

jōkyō — Situation; circumstances; current state of affairs.

いっ

i(tte) — To go; conjunctive form indicating progressive change.