The Social Cancer: A Complete English Version of Noli Me Tangere — Page 9

Vocabulary

၃

thone — The number three

ဤသည်

i thi — This; used to indicate something nearby

ခုနှစ်

khu hnit — Year; a unit of time measurement

တွင်

twìn — In; at; within a place or time

ဖြစ်

phyit — To be; to become; to occur

သည်

thi — Grammatical particle marking subject or verb

မှတ်တမ်း

hmat tàn — Record; document; written account of events

ကို

go — Accusative particle marking direct object

ကူးယူ

ku yu — To copy; to transcribe from another source

ရေးသား

yay thá — To write; to compose a written text

ခဲ့သော

khè thaw — Past tense marker; did; having done previously

သာသနာပြု

thá tha na pyu — Missionary; one who spreads religious teachings

အလွန်

a lùn — Very; extremely; to a great degree

အလင်းပေး

a lìn pay — To illuminate; to enlighten; to shed light

သော

thaw — Relativizer particle; that; which; who

မှတ်ချက်

hmat chet — Comment; note; remark added to a text

တစ်ခု

tit khu — One thing; a single item or instance

ထည့်သွင်း

htè thoìn — To insert; to include; to put something in

ခဲ့ပြီး

khè pyi — Having done and; past action connector particle

ယင်း

yìn — That; referring to something previously mentioned

စနစ်

sa nit — System; method; organized structure or arrangement

၏

i — Genitive particle meaning of; belonging to

မပြောင်းလဲ

ma pyàwn lè — Not changing; unchanging; remaining the same

နိုင်မှု

naìn hmu — Ability; capability; the capacity to do

ထင်ဟပ်

htin hap — To reflect; to mirror; to show clearly

ကာ

ka — While; as; connective particle linking clauses

အုပ်ချုပ်သူ

owt choat thu — Ruler; administrator; one who governs others

များ

myá — Plural marker; many; multiple things or people

ဘာ

ba — What; used in questions asking about things

မျှ

hmya — Only; just; as much as; equally

မသင်ယူ

ma thin yu — Not learning; failing to learn from experience

ဘဲ

bè — Without doing; negative connective particle

မမေ့

ma mè — Not forgetting; to remember; to retain memory

ဆန်သော

sàn thaw — Opposing; contrary; resistant to something

သဘောထား

tha baw htá — Attitude; viewpoint; one's stance or disposition

အထူးထူး

a htú htú — Various special things; particularly; especially various

မြောက်မြောက်

myowt myowt — Abundantly; in great numbers; many things

ပိုင်ဆိုင်

paìn saìn — To possess; to own; to have ownership of

ကြောင်း

kyàwn — That; because; clause-ending linking particle

ပြသ

pya tha — To show; to display; to demonstrate something

မှ

hma — From; since; ablative particle of origin

အထိ

a hti — Until; up to; as far as something

ကျွန်ုပ်

kyano — I; me; formal first-person singular pronoun

ဘာသာမဲ့သူ

ba tha mè thu — Atheist; irreligious person; one without religion

ထံ

htan — To; at the place of someone

နေစဉ်

nay zìn — While staying; during the time of residing

ပင်

pin — Even; indeed; emphatic particle

ထို

hto — That; referring to something at a distance

မူဝါဒ

mu wa dat — Policy; principle; guiding rule or doctrine

လေ့လာ

lèlà — To study; to learn; to investigate something

အခွင့်အရေး

a khwin a yay — Opportunity; right; chance to do something

ရ

ya — To get; to obtain; to be able to

ခဲ့

khè — Past tense marker; indicates completed past action

ခံတပ်

khan tat — Garrison; military fort or defensive position

အကြီးအကဲ

a kyi a kè — Senior official; leader; person of high authority

အား

á — To; dative particle; also indicates effort

သူ

thu — He; she; him; her; third-person pronoun

ကျင့်သုံး

kyìn thóun — To practice; to apply; to put into use

သင့်

thìn — Should; ought to; appropriate or suitable

သည့်

thi — Relative clause marker; who; which; that

နည်းလမ်း

nì lán — Method; way; approach to doing something

အသိပေး

a thi pay — To inform; to notify; to make aware

ပြီး

pyi — After; finished; completed; then afterward

အပေါ်

a pay — Above; on; regarding; concerning something

လွှမ်းမိုးမှု

hlwán móu hmu — Influence; domination; power over something

မရှိ

ma shi — Not existing; there is not; absence of

စေရန်

say yan — In order to cause; so as to make

အခြား

a khá — Other; another; different from this one

ဘက်

bet — Side; direction; faction; toward something

မှားယွင်းသော

hmá ywìn thaw — Wrong; erroneous; mistaken; incorrect in nature

ပြသမှု

pya tha hmu — Display; demonstration; act of showing something

ပြုလုပ်

pyu lowt — To do; to carry out; to perform action

ထို့

hto — That; therefore; referring to previous matter

ကြောင့်

kyàwn — Because of; due to; owing to reason

လိမ်လည်မှု

lèin lè hmu — Deception; fraud; act of deceiving others

နှင့်

hnìn — And; with; together with something else

အင်အား

in á — Strength; power; force; capacity for effort

ဖြင့်

phyin — By means of; with; using; instrumental particle

တည်ဆောက်

tì sawt — To build; to construct; to establish something

ထိန်းသိမ်း

htein theim — To maintain; to preserve; to keep in order

ထား

htá — To keep; to place; resultative aspect marker

အဖြစ်

a phyit — As; in the role of; in the form

ထင်ရှား

htin shá — Famous; prominent; clearly visible; well-known

ပေါ်လွင်

paw lwìn — To appear; to become evident; to stand out

နေ

nay — To stay; to live; continuous aspect marker

လှည့်ဖျားမှု

hlè phyá hmu — Deception; trickery; act of misleading others

ဆက်လက်

set let — To continue; to proceed; to carry on doing

နိုင်

naìn — Can; to be able to; to win

သမျှ

tha myha — All; every; whatever; as much as exists

နှိပ်ကွပ်

hnit kwat — To oppress; to suppress; to repress forcefully

လုံလောက်

loun lawt — Sufficient; enough; adequate for a purpose

အားဖြင့်

á phyin — By means of; in terms of; through something

ကာလ

ka la — Period; era; span of time; duration

ပတ်လုံး

pat lóun — Throughout; the whole period; entirely around

သဘာဝ

tha ba wa — Nature; natural; inherent quality or character

ကျကျ

kya kya — Properly; thoroughly; in a fitting manner

တည်တံ့

tì tan — To be stable; to endure; to last firmly

မည့်

myi — Future tense marker; will; going to do

ရန်

yan — In order to; for the purpose of doing

အတွက်

a twet — For; for the sake of; on behalf of

မတူညီ

ma tu nyi — Different; not the same; dissimilar things

အုပ်စု

owt su — Group; faction; cluster of people or things

ခွဲ

khwè — To divide; to separate; to split apart

မည်

myi — Will; future tense particle or marker

သဘောတူညီမှု

tha baw tu nyi hmu — Agreement; consensus; mutual acceptance of terms

ပူးပေါင်း

pu páwn — To cooperate; to collaborate; to join together

ဆောင်ရွက်မှု

sawng ywayt hmu — Action; operation; act of carrying something out

ဆီ

si — Toward; in the direction of something

သို့

thó — To; toward; directional particle of movement

တိုးတက်

tó tet — To progress; to advance; to develop further

ရှင်သန်

shìn than — To survive; to live on; to remain alive

မလာ

ma la — Not coming; does not come; absent

လိုအပ်

lo at — To need; to require; to be necessary

ထို့ပြင်

hto pyin — Furthermore; moreover; in addition to that

တည်တံ့မှု

tì tan hmu — Stability; durability; the quality of enduring

လူထု

lu htu — Public; masses; the general population of people

နားမလည်မှု

ná ma lè hmu — Misunderstanding; failure to comprehend something

မိမိ

mi mi — Oneself; one's own; reflexive pronoun

တို့

to — Plural marker for pronouns; we; they; our

ကံကြမ္မာ

kan kyamma — Fate; destiny; karma; one's fortune in life

နှစ်သိမ့်

hnit theim — To console; to comfort; to soothe someone

ကျေနပ်

Satisfied; content; pleased with a situation

အောင်

awng — Successfully; in order to achieve; until achieved

ဘာသာရေး

ba tha yay — Religious; relating to religion or faith

နိုင်ငံရေး

naìn ngan yay — Politics; political affairs; relating to governance

ကြောက်ရွံ့မှု

kyowt ywun hmu — Fear; dread; the feeling of being afraid

တင်းကြပ်

tìn kyat — Strict; tight; rigorous; firmly controlled

စွာ

swa — Adverbial suffix indicating manner; -ly; with

ထိန်းချုပ်

htein chowt — To control; to regulate; to keep in check

ခြင်း

chìn — Nominalizer suffix turning verb into noun form

မူတည်

mu tì — To depend on; to be based on something

သို့သော်

thó thaw — However; but; nevertheless; on the other hand

လည်း

lè — Also; too; even; additive particle

သူတို့

thu to — They; them; third-person plural pronoun

ဟောင်းနွမ်း

hawng nwùn — Old and worn; dilapidated; shabby and outdated

နေထိုင်မှု

nay htaìn hmu — Way of living; lifestyle; manner of residing

ပုံစံ

poun zan — Form; pattern; style; shape of something

နှိုင်းယှဉ်

hnóin shin — To compare; to make a comparison between things

လျှင်

lyin — If; when; conditional particle in sentences

များစွာ

myá swa — Many; a great number; much of something

ကောင်းမွန်

kawng mun — Good; excellent; fine quality; virtuous

ကဲ့သို့

kè thó — Like; similar to; in the same way as

ကြီးထွား

kyi thwá — To grow; to develop; to increase in size

လာ

la — To come; directional verb; approach toward speaker

အမျှ

a hmya — As much as; equally; proportionally to something

အခြေအနေ

a khè a nay — Situation; condition; state of affairs currently

ပိုမို

po mo — More; even more; to a greater degree