The Social Cancer: A Complete English Version of Noli Me Tangere — Page 8

Vocabulary

ခုနှစ်တွင်

khun hnit twing — In the year; during that year.

သူ၏

thu yay — His; belonging to him.

အထက်လူကြီး

a-htet lu ji — Superior; person of higher authority or rank.

အတွက်

a-twet — For; for the sake of; regarding.

ရေးသား

yay thaa — To write; to compose a written text.

ထားသော

htaa thaw — That which has been placed or done previously.

အစီရင်ခံစာ

a-si yin khan za — A report; an official written account submitted.

တစ်စောင်

tit saung — One document; one letter or report (classifier).

တွင်

twing — In; within; at a specific place or time.

သူသည်

thu thì — He; she; that person (subject marker).

နည်းလမ်း

nay laan — Method; way; approach to doing something.

ကို

ko — Object marker; to; toward (grammatical particle).

ရှင်းလင်းစွာ

shín lín zwa — Clearly; in a clear and plain manner.

ဖော်ပြ

pfaw pya — To describe; to explain; to indicate something.

ထားသည်။

htaa thì — Has been done; placed or established previously (sentence ender).

ကျွန်ုပ်တို့

kjá noup to — We; us; first-person formal plural pronoun.

သည်

thì — Grammatical topic or subject marker particle.

ရွာ

ywa — Village; a small rural settlement.

သုံးရွာ

thone ywa — Three villages; a group of three settlements.

စုဆောင်း

su zaung — To collect; to gather; to accumulate together.

သူများ

thu myaa — People; those persons; they (plural reference).

သူတို့

thu to — They; them; third-person plural pronoun.

၏

yay — Possessive particle; of; belonging to someone.

နေရာထိုင်ခင်း

nay yaa htaing khin — Settlement; living arrangement; place of residence.

များ

myaa — Plural marker; many; more than one.

တည်မြဲစွာ

tì myè zwa — Firmly; stably; in a permanent or lasting manner.

ဆက်လက်

set let — To continue; to carry on doing something.

နေထိုင်

nay htaing — To reside; to live; to dwell in a place.

နိုင်ရန်

naing yan — In order to be able to; so as to achieve.

အကျိုး

a-kjó — Benefit; result; effect; consequence of something.

အာနိသင်

aa ni thin — Effect; influence; impact produced by something.

အထိရောက်

a-hti yout — Effective; impactful; producing the desired result.

ဆုံးသော

zoun thaw — Most; the superlative degree of an adjective.

ကြောက်ရွံ့မှု

kjout yún hmu — Fear; dread; the feeling of being afraid.

နှင့်

hnin — And; with; together with (conjunction/particle).

သဘောသဘာဝ

tha baw tha baa — Nature; character; natural disposition of something.

အသင့်တော်

a-thín taw — Appropriate; suitable; fitting for a situation.

ဆုံး

zoun — Most; superlative suffix; also means to end.

ဖြစ်သော

pfyit thaw — That which is; being; existing as something.

အရာ

a-ya — Thing; matter; item; object or subject.

မှာ

hma — At; in; locative or topic particle.

ခံတပ်

khan dat — Fort; fortification; a defensive military structure.

စစ်တပ်စခန်း

sit dat sa khan — Military camp; army base; armed forces station.

မှ

hma — From; originating from a place or source.

စပိန်လူမျိုး

za pain lu myó — Spanish people; persons of Spanish nationality or ethnicity.

ထိုသူတို့

hto thu to — Those people; those specific persons referred to.

အလွန်

a-lùn — Very; extremely; to a great degree.

ကြောက်ရွံ့

kjout yún — To fear; to be afraid; to dread something.

ကြသော

kja thaw — Plural verb marker; those who do something.

ကြောင့်

kjoun — Because of; due to; as a result of.

အဆိုပါ

a-zo pa — The said; the aforementioned; previously mentioned thing.

ရွာများ

ywa myaa — Villages; multiple rural settlements or communities.

သို့

tho — To; toward; in the direction of somewhere.

မကြာခဏ

ma kja kha na — Frequently; often; happening many times regularly.

လာရောက်

la yout — To come; to arrive; to visit a place.

ကာ

ka — While; after doing; connective verbal particle.

မြေကြီး

myay ji — Ground; earth; land; soil beneath one's feet.

ကျူးကျော်

kjú kjaw — To trespass; to intrude; to encroach on territory.

ပြီး

pyi — After; having done; completion marker particle.

ယခင်

ya khin — Previous; former; earlier in time or order.

ခဲ့သော

khè thaw — Past tense marker; that which has occurred before.

ဟောင်းနွမ်းသော

haung nwun thaw — Old; worn out; dilapidated and deteriorating.

အကွယ်အကာ

a-kwè a-ka — Shelter; protection; cover that shields from danger.

အထိ

a-hti — Until; up to; as far as a point.

ဝင်ရောက်

win yout — To enter; to go inside; to penetrate a place.

ရမည်။

ya mì — Must; will have to; obligatory future action.

အကယ်၍

a-kè yway — If; in case; supposing that a condition exists.

ထို

hto — That; those; demonstrative pronoun indicating something distant.

မည်သည့်

mì thì — Whatever; whichever; any (interrogative/indefinite pronoun).

မဆို

ma zo — Any; whatsoever; used with interrogatives for universality.

စိုက်ပျိုး

soit pyó — To cultivate; to grow crops; to plant and farm.

ထားသည်

htaa thì — Has been placed; has been established or done.

တွေ့

twè — To find; to encounter; to meet or discover.

ပါက

pa ka — If; in the event that; conditional particle.

၎င်း

de gin — It; that; aforementioned thing (formal/written pronoun).

ဖျက်ဆီး

pfyet si — To destroy; to demolish; to ruin completely.

မျှ

hmya — Even; only; as much as; limiting particle.

မကျန်ရစ်

ma kjan yit — To leave nothing remaining; not to leave behind.

စေဘဲ

ze bè — Without causing; not letting something happen or occur.

ခုတ်ဖြတ်

khout pfyat — To cut down; to chop; to slash through something.

ဖခင်

hpa khin — Father; male parent of a person.

ကာကွယ်

ka kwè — To protect; to defend; to guard against harm.

မြင်

myin — To see; to perceive visually; to observe something.

လာသော

la thaw — That which has come; arriving; coming toward here.

အခါ

a-kha — Time; occasion; when; at the moment that.

ဆန့်ကျင်

san kjin — To oppose; to resist; to go against something.

အိန္ဒိယန်း

ain di yan — Indian (Native American); indigenous people of the Americas.

ဘက်

bet — Side; direction; faction; toward a party.

ရပ်တည်

yat tì — To stand; to take a stand; to support firmly.

သည်။

thì — Sentence-ending copula; is; marks declarative statements.

သို့သော်

tho thaw — However; but; nevertheless; contrasting conjunction.

ဤ

i — This; these; demonstrative pronoun for nearby thing.

ကိစ္စ

kèt sa — Matter; issue; affair; a particular concern or case.

စစ်သား

sit thaa — Soldier; military personnel; a member of armed forces.

အောင်မြင်

aung myin — To succeed; to be victorious; to achieve a goal.

ရန်

yan — In order to; for the purpose of doing something.

အမြဲတမ်း

a-myè taan — Always; constantly; at all times without exception.

လိုအပ်

lo at — To need; to require; to be necessary.

သည့်

thì — Relative clause marker; that which; which is.

မည်သူ

mì thu — Whoever; anyone; which person (indefinite pronoun).

တည်

tì — To establish; to be located; to exist stably.

နေရာ

nay yaa — Place; location; spot; a particular position or area.

အသိပေး

a-thi pe — To inform; to notify; to make someone aware.

သတိထား

tha ti htaa — To be careful; to pay attention; to be alert.

ဘုရင်ခံကြီး

pfu yin khan ji — Governor-General; highest colonial administrative authority.

ကြေညာချက်

kje nya chet — Announcement; declaration; official public statement.

ဆောင်ရွက်

zaung ywet — To carry out; to implement; to perform an action.

အခြေအနေ

a-chè a-nay — Situation; condition; state of affairs or circumstances.

တွေ့ရ

twè ya — To find; to come across; to encounter something.

သော

thaw — Relative clause particle; that which; adjectival marker.

အသောင်းအရင်း

a-thaung a-yin — In large numbers; in crowds; massively in groups.

မပြုဘဲ

ma pyu bè — Without doing; not performing a particular action.

မြတ်မြတ်နိုးနိုး

myat myat nó nó — With respect; treating reverently and with high regard.

ဆက်ဆံ

set san — To treat; to deal with; to relate to someone.

ရမည်

ya mì — Must; shall; obligatory future action required.

ဟု

hu — Quotation marker; saying that; thus it is said.

ဆိုသည်။

zo thì — Says; states; it is said (sentence-final verb).