The Souls of Black Folk — Page 7

Vocabulary

では

de wa — Well then; used to transition or conclude a topic.

彼

kare — He; third-person masculine pronoun.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns.

努力

doryoku — Effort; hard work toward achieving a goal.

目的

mokuteki — Purpose; goal or objective one aims for.

は

wa — Topic marker particle indicating the sentence topic.

こう

kō — Like this; in this manner or way.

で

de — Particle indicating means, location of action, or copula.

ある

aru — To be; exist (used for inanimate things or formal copula).

文化

bunka — Culture; the arts, customs, and achievements of society.

王国

ōkoku — Kingdom; a country ruled by a king or queen.

における

ni okeru — In; within; at (formal expression indicating location or context).

共同

kyōdō — Cooperation; joint or collaborative action together.

担い手

ninai te — Bearer; person who carries or takes responsibility.

と

to — And; with; quotation particle connecting elements.

なる

naru — To become; to turn into something.

こと

koto — Thing; fact; nominalizer turning verbs into nouns.

死

shi — Death; the end of life.

孤立

koritsu — Isolation; being alone and cut off from others.

両方

ryōhō — Both; the two sides or options.

から

kara — From; because; starting point in space or reasoning.

逃れる

nogareru — To escape; to flee from something threatening.

自ら

mizukara — Oneself; personally; by one's own hand.

最良

sairyō — Best; the highest quality or most favorable option.

力

chikara — Power; strength; ability or force.

潜在的

senzai-teki — Potential; latent; existing but not yet fully developed.

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns.

才能

sainō — Talent; natural ability or gift in a skill.

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating the direct object.

大切

taisetsu — Important; precious; treating something with great care.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, time, or purpose.

育み

hagukumi — Nurturing; carefully raising and developing something.

活用

katsuyō — Practical use; making effective use of something.

する

suru — To do; general verb for performing an action.

肉体

nikutai — Physical body; the flesh as opposed to the mind.

精神

seishin — Spirit; mind; mental or spiritual aspect of a person.

した

shita — Did; past tense form of the verb suru.

過去

kako — The past; previous times or history.

において

ni oite — In; at; regarding (formal particle of location or context).

不思議

fushigi — Strange; mysterious; wonderfully puzzling phenomenon.

ほど

hodo — To the extent that; approximately; degree or limit.

浪費

rōhi — Waste; squandering resources, time, or money carelessly.

され

sare — Was done; passive auxiliary form of suru.

散逸

san'itsu — Dispersal; scattering and loss of things over time.

し

shi — Conjunctive form linking verbs or listing reasons.

あるいは

arui wa — Or; alternatively; used to present another option.

忘れ去ら

wasuresara — To be completely forgotten; erased entirely from memory.

れ

re — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix.

て

te — Conjunctive te-form connecting sequential or concurrent actions.

き

ki — Past auxiliary (kuru) in te-ki-ta construction.

た

ta — Past tense ending particle for verbs and adjectives.

偉大

idai — Great; magnificent; of remarkable significance or stature.

黒人

kokujin — Black person; person of African descent.

影

kage — Shadow; shade; silhouette of a person or object.

神秘

shinpi — Mystery; something deeply mysterious or beyond understanding.

物語

monogatari — Story; tale; narrative account of events.

中

naka — Inside; middle; among; within a group or space.

かすめ

kasume — To graze; to skim past something very closely.

飛ぶ

tobu — To fly; to jump; to move swiftly through air.

歴史

rekishi — History; the recorded past of events and people.

通じ

tsūji — Through; via; by means of something.

個々

koko — Individual; each separate person or thing distinctly.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or animate beings.

流れ星

nagareboshi — Shooting star; meteor streaking briefly across the sky.

よう

yō — Like; as if; resembling; expressing similarity or intention.

あちこち

achikochi — Here and there; various places scattered around.

瞬き

mabataki — Twinkling; blinking; a brief flash of light.

世界

sekai — World; the earth or a particular domain of existence.

が

ga — Subject marker particle; also marks contrast or emphasis.

その

sono — That; referring to something near the listener.

輝き

kagayaki — Radiance; brilliance; a shining or glittering light.

正しく

tadashiku — Correctly; rightly; in an accurate or proper manner.

測る

hakaru — To measure; to gauge the extent of something.

前

mae — Before; in front of; prior in time or space.

消え

kie — To disappear; to vanish; to fade away.

しまう

shimau — To end up doing; to complete an action (often regrettably).

も

mo — Also; even; too; additive particle.

ここ

koko — Here; this place; referring to the speaker's location.

アメリカ

Amerika — America; the United States of America.

解放

kaihō — Liberation; release from oppression or restraint.

わずか

wazuka — Mere; only a little; a very small amount.

日々

hibi — Days; daily; each and every day passing.

間

aida / ma — Between; during; a span of time or space.

躊躇

chūcho — Hesitation; wavering indecisively before taking action.

疑念

ginen — Doubt; suspicion; a feeling of uncertainty or mistrust.

こちら

kochira — This way; this direction; this side (near speaker).

へ

e — Toward; directional particle indicating movement toward something.

あちら

achira — That way; that direction (far from both speaker and listener).

向き

muki — Direction; facing; orientation toward something.

変え

kae — To change; to alter direction, form, or state.

ながら

nagara — While; simultaneously doing two things at once.

そのもの

sono mono — Itself; the very thing being discussed in itself.

有効性

yūkōsei — Effectiveness; validity; the quality of producing results.

失い

ushinai — To lose; to be deprived of something important.

欠如

ketsujo — Lack; deficiency; absence of something necessary.

弱さ

yowasa — Weakness; feebleness; lack of strength or resolve.

見え

mie — To appear; to seem; to be visible.

しばしば

shibashiba — Often; frequently; happening many times repeatedly.

あっ

a' — Oh!; exclamation of sudden realization or surprise.

しかし

shikashi — However; but; conjunction indicating contrast or contradiction.

それ

sore — That; referring to something near the listener.

ない

nai — Not; negative form indicating absence or negation.

二重

nijū — Double; twofold; dual layers or aspects.

矛盾

mujun — Contradiction; inconsistency between two conflicting elements.

だ

da — Is; plain-form copula asserting identity or state.

職人

shokunin — Craftsman; artisan skilled in a particular trade.

持つ

motsu — To hold; to have; to possess something.

闘い

tatakai — Struggle; fight; battle against adversity or opposition.

一方

ippō — On one hand; one side; meanwhile in contrast.

単なる

tan naru — Mere; nothing more than; simply just that.

木こり

kikori — Woodcutter; person who chops trees for a living.

や

ya — And; listing particle connecting two or more items.

水汲み

mizukumi — Water carrier; person who draws and carries water.

民族

minzoku — Ethnic group; people sharing culture, language, and heritage.

として

to shite — As; in the capacity of; regarded in that role.

白人

hakujin — White person; person of European or Caucasian descent.

侮ら

anadora — To be looked down upon; treated with contempt or scorn.

逃れよう

nogareyō — Let us escape; volitional form of to escape.

他方

tahō — On the other hand; the other side of an argument.

貧困

hinkon — Poverty; state of being extremely poor and lacking necessities.

あえぐ

aegu — To gasp; to struggle painfully under a burden.

大勢

ōzei — A large number of people; a crowd or multitude.

人々

hitobito — People; multiple persons collectively.

ため

tame — For; for the sake of; because of a reason.

耕し

tagayashi — To till; to cultivate the soil for farming.

釘

kugi — Nail; a metal spike hammered into material.

打ち

uchi — To strike; to hammer; to hit repeatedly.

掘り

hori — To dig; to excavate the ground or material.

続けよう

tsuzukeyō — Let us continue; volitional form of to continue.

どちら

dochira — Which; either of two options or directions.

大義

taigi — Great cause; noble purpose worth sacrificing for.

半分

hanbun — Half; one of two equal portions of something.

しか

shika — Only; nothing but; used with negatives for exclusivity.

心

kokoro — Heart; mind; spirit; inner emotional center of a person.

注げ

sosoge — Pour into; dedicate; imperative of to devote effort.

結局

kekkyoku — In the end; after all; ultimately the final outcome.

貧しい

mazushii — Poor; lacking money or material wealth.

ほか

hoka — Other; besides; apart from what was mentioned.

なかっ

naka' — Was not; past negative form (contracted).

民

tami — People; folk; the common populace of a nation.

無知

muchi — Ignorance; lack of knowledge or awareness.

によって

ni yotte — By means of; due to; caused by something or someone.

牧師

bokushi — Pastor; Protestant minister leading a religious congregation.

医師

ishi — Doctor; licensed medical physician who treats patients.

いかさま

ikasama — Fraud; trickery; deceptive or dishonest scheming.

扇動

sendō — Instigation; incitement; stirring people up to action.

政治

seiji — Politics; the activities of governing a country.

誘惑

yūwaku — Temptation; allurement; being lured toward something harmful.

また

mata — Also; again; furthermore; in addition to that.

外

soto — Outside; exterior; beyond a boundary or group.

批判

hihan — Criticism; critique; judging faults of a person or thing.

卑しい

iyashii — Lowly; base; humble in a degrading or ignoble way.

仕事

shigoto — Work; job; occupation or task one performs.

恥じ

haji — To feel shame; embarrassment about one's actions or situation.

させる

saseru — To make someone do; causative auxiliary verb form.

理想

risō — Ideal; a perfect standard or aspiration one pursues.

引き寄せ

hikiyose — To draw toward; to attract something or someone closer.

られ

rare — Passive or potential auxiliary suffix indicating receiving action.