The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde — Page 15

Vocabulary

彼ら

karera — They; third-person plural pronoun.

は

wa — Topic-marking particle indicating the sentence topic.

ただ

tada — Just, merely, only; indicates simplicity or limitation.

何か

nanika — Something; an unspecified thing or matter.

科学

kagaku — Science; systematic study of the natural world.

上

ue — Above, on top; also used to mean 'in terms of.'

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle linking nouns.

点

ten — Point, aspect, or dot; used in abstract discussion.

で

de — Particle indicating location of action or means.

意見

iken — Opinion, view, or personal position on something.

が

ga — Subject-marking particle identifying the grammatical subject.

合わ

awa (root of 合う) — To agree, match, or be in accord with someone.

なかっ

nakatta (stem) — Past negative auxiliary; did not (do something).

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb ending in Japanese.

だけ

dake — Only, just; limits scope to a specific thing.

だ

da — Copula; plain-form equivalent of 'is' or 'are.'

と

to — Quotation particle or conjunction meaning 'and/with/that.'

彼

kare — He; third-person singular masculine pronoun.

思っ

omot- (stem of 思う) — To think, feel, or believe something; mental verb.

そして

soshite — And then, and so; connects sequential statements.

不動産

fudōsan — Real estate; land and buildings as property.

譲渡

jōto — Transfer, conveyance, or assignment of property rights.

問題

mondai — Problem, issue, or question requiring attention.

を

wo — Object-marking particle indicating the direct object.

除い

nozoi (stem of 除く) — To exclude, except, or remove something from consideration.

て

te — Te-form connective linking verbs or clauses together.

的

teki — Suffix forming adjectives meaning '-ic,' '-al,' or '-like.'

な

na — Adjectival particle connecting na-adjectives to nouns.

情熱

jōnetsu — Passion, enthusiasm, or burning emotional intensity.

まったく

mattaku — Completely, utterly, not at all; strong emphasis adverb.

持た

mota (stem of 持つ) — To hold, possess, or carry something.

ない

nai — Negative auxiliary; does not, is not the case.

人間

ningen — Human being, person, or mankind in general.

あっ

at- (stem of ある) — To exist, be, or have (inanimate existence).

ので

node — Because, since; causal connective with soft tone.

さらに

sara ni — Furthermore, moreover, even more; adds emphasis.

こう

kō — Like this, in this way; manner demonstrative adverb.

付け加え

tsukekuwae (stem of 付け加える) — To add further, append an additional remark.

それ

sore — That; mid-distance demonstrative pronoun referring to something.

以上

ijō — More than, beyond, or that is all; conclusion marker.

こと

koto — Thing, fact, or matter (abstract nominalizer).

何

nani — What; interrogative pronoun for unknown things.

も

mo — Also, too, even; inclusive or emphatic particle.

はず

hazu — Should be, supposed to be; expectation or assumption.

友人

yūjin — Friend; a person with whom one has friendship.

気

ki — Spirit, feeling, mood, or mental state; versatile noun.

取り直す

torinaosu — To regain composure; collect oneself after upset.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, time, purpose, or location.

少し

sukoshi — A little, a bit; small amount or degree.

間

ma / aida — Interval, space, or time between two points.

与え

atae (stem of 与える) — To give, grant, or provide something to someone.

から

kara — From, after, because; indicates starting point or reason.

たずねよう

tazuneyō — Let's ask; volitional form of 尋ねる (to inquire).

い

i (stem of いる) — To be, exist (for animate beings); existence verb.

近づい

chikazui (stem of 近づく) — To approach, draw near, get closer to something.

いう

iu — To say, call, or be called; speech/naming verb.

名

na / mei — Name; the word or title by which someone is known.

被

hi- — Prefix meaning 'subject of an action,' as in ward/victim.

後見人

kōkennin — Guardian; person legally responsible for another's welfare.

会っ

at- (stem of 会う) — To meet, encounter, or see someone in person.

あり

ari (stem of ある) — To exist or be; polite stem used in あります.

ます

masu — Polite verb ending used in formal Japanese speech.

か

ka — Question particle marking a sentence as a question.

尋ね

tazune (stem of 尋ねる) — To ask, inquire, or question someone about something.

繰り返し

kurikaeshi — Repetition; doing or saying something again and again.

いや

iya — No, unpleasant; negation or expression of reluctance.

聞い

kii (stem of 聞く) — To hear, listen, or ask; auditory or inquiry verb.

私

watashi — I, me; first-person singular personal pronoun.

知っ

shit- (stem of 知る) — To know, be aware of, or have knowledge of.

いる

iru — To be, exist (animate); progressive or state marker.

頃

koro — Around (time); approximate period or point in time.

弁護士

bengoshi — Lawyer, attorney; a licensed legal professional.

持ち帰っ

mochikaet- (stem of 持ち帰る) — To bring back, take home; carry something on return.

情報

jōhō — Information, data, or news about something.

すべて

subete — All, everything, entirely; totality without exception.

大きな

ōkina — Big, large; prenominal adjective modifying a noun.

暗い

kurai — Dark, gloomy, dim; describes low light conditions.

ベッド

beddo — Bed; a piece of furniture for sleeping.

夜明け

yoake — Dawn, daybreak; the time when night transitions to day.

小さな

chiisana — Small, little; prenominal adjective modifying a noun.

時間

jikan — Time, hour; a duration or specific point in time.

大きく

ōkiku — Greatly, largely; adverbial form of 大きい.

なり

nari (stem of なる) — To become, turn into; indicates a change of state.

始める

hajimeru — To begin, start doing something; initiation verb.

まで

made — Until, up to, as far as; indicates a limit or extent.

寝返り

negaeri — Rolling over in bed; tossing and turning while sleeping.

打ち

uchi (stem of 打つ) — To strike, hit; here used in compound 寝返りを打つ.

続け

tsuzuke (stem of 続ける) — To continue, keep doing; persistence of an action.

暗闇

kurayami — Darkness, the dark; complete absence of light.

中

naka — Inside, within, in the middle of something.

もがき

mogaki (stem of もがく) — To struggle, writhe, or thrash about desperately.

問い

toi — Question, inquiry; a thing asked or pondered.

取り囲ま

torikakorma (stem of 取り囲む) — To surround, encircle; close in on from all sides.

れ

re (passive suffix) — Passive verb suffix indicating the subject is acted upon.

苦悩

kunō — Anguish, suffering, distress; deep mental or emotional pain.

する

suru — To do; general-purpose action verb in Japanese.

心

kokoro — Heart, mind, spirit; one's inner emotional self.

とっ

tot- (stem of 取る) — To take, get; here used in compound expression.

ほとんど

hotondo — Almost, mostly, hardly any; near totality or absence.

安らぎ

yasuragi — Peace, tranquility, comfort; a sense of calm rest.

夜

yoru — Night, evening; the dark period after sunset.

氏

shi — Mr., Ms.; honorific suffix for a person's name.

住まい

sumai — Residence, home, dwelling place where one lives.

すぐ

sugu — Soon, immediately, right away; close in time or space.

近く

chikaku — Nearby, close by; in the vicinity of something.

ある

aru — To exist, be located (inanimate); existence verb.

まこと

makoto — Truly, indeed; sincerity or genuine truth (archaic/formal).

好都合

kōtsugō — Convenient, favorable; a situation that suits one well.

場所

basho — Place, location, spot; a physical position or area.

建つ

tatsu — To be built, stand; said of structures and buildings.

教会

kyōkai — Church; a Christian place of worship and congregation.

鐘

kane — Bell; a large metal instrument that rings or chimes.

六時

rokuji — Six o'clock; the sixth hour of the day or night.

告げ

tsuge (stem of 告げる) — To announce, tell, or proclaim something to someone.

でも

demo — But, even so, however; light contrastive conjunction.

まだ

mada — Still, yet, not yet; indicates ongoing or incomplete state.

その

sono — That (near listener); demonstrative adjective modifying noun.

掘り下げ

horisage (stem of 掘り下げる) — To dig deeper into; explore a topic more thoroughly.

これ

kore — This; near-speaker demonstrative pronoun for objects.

知的

chiteki — Intellectual, mental; relating to the intellect or reason.

側面

sokumen — Aspect, side, facet; one dimension of a broader subject.

のみ

nomi — Only, just, solely; restrictive particle (formal register).

触れ

fure (stem of 触れる) — To touch on, mention, or make contact with something.

今や

ima ya — Now, by now, at this point; marks a changed situation.

想像力

sōzōryoku — Imagination; the ability to form mental images or ideas.

また

mata — Also, again, additionally; additive or repetitive adverb.

関わり

kakawari — Involvement, connection, relation to something or someone.

持つ

motsu — To hold, have, possess; general possession verb.

よう

yō — Seems like, in order to; conjecture or purpose marker.

なっ

nat- (stem of なる) — To become; change-of-state verb in conjugated form.

むしろ

mushiro — Rather, instead; indicates preference or contrary suggestion.

囚わ

torawa (stem of 囚われる) — To be captured, imprisoned, or held captive by something.

しまっ

shimat- (stem of しまう) — To end up doing; regrettable or complete action marker.

深い

fukai — Deep, profound; extending far down or inward.

闇

yami — Darkness, gloom; total absence of light; metaphor for evil.

カーテン

kāten — Curtain; a hanging cloth covering a window or stage.

覆わ

oowa (stem of 覆う) — To cover, envelop, or conceal by spreading over something.

部屋

heya — Room; an enclosed space within a building or home.

横

yoko — Side, horizontal; lying sideways or beside something.

ながら

nagara — While doing; simultaneous action conjunctive particle.

話

hanashi — Story, talk, conversation; spoken or narrated content.

明るく

akaruku — Brightly, cheerfully; adverbial form of 明るい.

照らさ

terasa (stem of 照らす) — To illuminate, light up; shine light upon something.

絵

e — Picture, painting, drawing; a visual artistic work.

巻物

makimono — Scroll; a rolled-up document or painted scroll.

流れ

nagare (stem of 流れる) — To flow, stream, pass; movement of liquid or time.

過ぎ

sugi (stem of 過ぎる) — To pass by, go beyond, elapse; passage of time or place.

いっ

it- (stem of 行く/言う) — To go or to say; conjugated stem in flowing speech.