← The Thousand and One Nights, Vol. I.: Commonly Called the Arabian Nights' Entertainments

The Thousand and One Nights, Vol. I.: Commonly Called the Arabian Nights' Entertainments — Page 9

English → Fr Preface Level 7/10

Since the downfall of the Arab Empire of Baghdád, Cairo has been the chief of Arabian cities: its Memlook Sulṭáns, introduced into Egypt in their youth, naturally adopted, to a great degree, the manners of its native inhabitants, which the 'Osmánlee Turks in later days have but little altered.

Depuis la chute de l'Empire arabe de Baghdád, Le Caire a été la principale des villes arabes : ses sultans Memlooks, introduits en Égypte dans leur jeunesse, adoptèrent naturellement, dans une large mesure, les mœurs de ses habitants natifs, que les Turcs Osmanlis des temps ultérieurs n'ont que peu modifiées.

Cairo is the city in which Arabian manners now exist in the most refined state; and such I believe to have been the case when the present work was composed."

Le Caire est la ville dans laquelle les mœurs arabes existent aujourd'hui à l'état le plus raffiné ; et je crois qu'il en était ainsi lorsque le présent ouvrage fut composé. »

Mr. Lane's first two visits to Egypt were made when, for the last time, Arab manners and customs as they existed in the age of the Arabian Nights could be studied; and his translation was written very shortly after his second return to England.

Les deux premiers séjours de M. Lane en Égypte eurent lieu à l'époque où, pour la dernière fois, il était encore possible d'étudier les mœurs et coutumes arabes telles qu'elles existaient à l'âge des Mille et Une Nuits ; et sa traduction fut rédigée très peu de temps après son second retour en Angleterre.

Though some of the tales may be Indian or Persian in origin, in their present state they exhibit a picture of the manners, modes of thought, and language, of the court and times of the Memlook Sulṭáns of Egypt, which nearly resembled in these points those of the Khaleefehs of Baghdád, or the great Arab Empire.

Bien que certains des contes puissent être d'origine indienne ou persane, dans leur état actuel ils offrent un tableau des mœurs, des modes de pensée et de la langue de la cour et de l'époque des sultans Memlooks d'Égypte, qui ressemblaient fort, sur ces points, à ceux des Khalifes de Baghdád, ou du grand Empire arabe.

De Sacy and Von Hammer, the two celebrated orientalists who differed widely in opinion as to the origin of the book, agreed that the tales in which the Khaleefeh Hároon Er-Rasheed is introduced (the best, with few exceptions, in the collection) are Egyptian in character.

De Sacy et Von Hammer, les deux célèbres orientalistes qui divergeaient grandement d'opinion quant à l'origine du livre, s'accordaient à dire que les contes dans lesquels le Khalife Hároon Er-Rasheed est introduit (les meilleurs, à quelques exceptions près, de la collection) sont de caractère égyptien.

But since the "Modern Egyptians" were described by Mr.

Mais depuis que les « Égyptiens modernes » furent décrits par M.

Vocabulary

Depuis
Since or from a point in time
la
Definite article, feminine singular: the
chute
Fall, collapse, or downfall of something
de
Preposition meaning of, from, or about
l'
Contracted definite article before vowel sound
Empire
Empire, a large political dominion or realm
arabe
Arabic or Arab, relating to Arab culture
Le Caire
Cairo, the capital city of Egypt
a
Has, third-person singular of avoir
été
Been, past participle of être (to be)
principale
Principal, main, or most important feminine adjective
des
Of the, or some; plural partitive article
villes
Cities or towns, plural of ville
arabes
Arab or Arabic, plural adjective or noun
ses
Its or his/her, third-person plural possessive
introduits
Introduced, brought in, past participle masculine plural
en
In or to, preposition of place or manner
Égypte
Egypt, country in northeastern Africa
dans
In or inside, preposition indicating location
leur
Their, third-person plural possessive adjective
jeunesse
Youth, the early period of one's life
adoptèrent
Adopted, past simple of adopter, third-person plural
naturellement
Naturally, in a natural or expected manner
une
A or an, feminine indefinite article
large
Wide, broad, or extensive in scope
mesure
Measure, extent, or degree of something
les
The, definite article plural form
mœurs
Customs, morals, or social habits of people
habitants
Inhabitants, people who live in a place
natifs
Native, born in or originating from a place
que
That, which, or whom; conjunction or pronoun
temps
Time or weather; general temporal reference
ultérieurs
Later, subsequent, occurring after something else
n'
Contracted negation particle ne before vowel
ont
Have, third-person plural of avoir
peu
Little, few, or not much in quantity
modifiées
Modified, changed, altered feminine plural past participle
est
Is, third-person singular of être (to be)
ville
City or town, an urban settlement
laquelle
Which, feminine relative or interrogative pronoun
existent
Exist, third-person plural present of exister
aujourd'hui
Today, at the present time or day
à
To, at, or in; common French preposition
état
State or condition of something or someone
le
The, masculine singular definite article
plus
More or most, used in comparisons
raffiné
Refined, sophisticated, or polished in manner
et
And, coordinating conjunction linking words or clauses
je
I, first-person singular subject pronoun
crois
Believe or think, first-person singular of croire
qu'
That, contracted conjunction before vowel sound
il
He or it, masculine third-person singular pronoun
était
Was, imperfect tense of être, third-person singular
ainsi
Thus, so, or in this manner
lorsque
When, at the time that something occurred
présent
Present, current, or the current moment in time
ouvrage
Work or book, a literary or artistic creation
fut
Was, simple past of être, third-person singular
composé
Composed or written, past participle of composer
Les
The, plural definite article for all genders
deux
Two, the number 2
premiers
First, masculine plural ordinal adjective
séjours
Stays or visits, periods spent in a place
M.
Monsieur, French title of address for a man
eurent
Had, simple past of avoir, third-person plural
lieu
Place or took place; location or occurrence
époque
Era, epoch, or period of historical time
Where or when, relative or interrogative adverb
pour
For, in order to; preposition of purpose
dernière
Last or final, feminine adjective indicating order
fois
Time or instance, as in one occurrence
encore
Still, yet, or again; temporal or emphatic adverb
possible
Possible, able to be done or achieved
d'
Of or from, contracted preposition before vowel
étudier
To study or examine something carefully
coutumes
Customs or traditions, habitual cultural practices
telles
Such, feminine plural adjective indicating similarity
elles
They or them, feminine third-person plural pronoun
existaient
Existed, imperfect of exister, third-person plural
âge
Age or era, a period of time or life stage
Mille
Thousand, the number 1000
Une
One, feminine form of the numeral one
Nuits
Nights, plural of nuit; reference to Arabian Nights
sa
His or her, feminine singular possessive adjective
traduction
Translation, the act of rendering text in another language
rédigée
Written or drafted, feminine past participle of rédiger
très
Very, intensifier adverb modifying adjectives or adverbs
après
After, following in time or order
son
His, her, or its, masculine singular possessive adjective
second
Second, the ordinal number two in a sequence
retour
Return, the act of going or coming back
Angleterre
England, a country in the United Kingdom
Bien
Although or well; conjunction or adverb of concession
certains
Certain or some, masculine plural indefinite adjective
contes
Tales or stories, short fictional narratives
puissent
May or might, subjunctive of pouvoir, plural
être
To be, fundamental French infinitive verb
origine
Origin, source, or beginning of something
indienne
Indian, feminine adjective relating to India
ou
Or, coordinating disjunctive conjunction
persane
Persian, feminine adjective relating to Persia
actuel
Current or present-day, referring to the present state
ils
They, masculine third-person plural subject pronoun
offrent
Offer or present, third-person plural of offrir
un
A or one, masculine indefinite article
tableau
Picture, tableau, or vivid representation of something
modes
Modes, manners, or fashions of doing something
pensée
Thought or thinking, the act of reasoning
langue
Language or tongue, a system of communication
cour
Court, a royal or noble household and entourage
qui
Who, which, or that; relative or interrogative pronoun
ressemblaient
Resembled, imperfect of ressembler, third-person plural
fort
Strongly, very much; adverb intensifying a verb
sur
On or upon, preposition indicating position
ces
These or those, plural demonstrative adjective
points
Points or aspects, particular matters under consideration
ceux
Those, masculine plural demonstrative pronoun
du
Of the, masculine singular contracted article
grand
Great or large, masculine adjective of size or importance
célèbres
Famous or celebrated, plural adjective of renown
divergeaient
Diverged or differed, imperfect of diverger, plural
grandement
Greatly or considerably, adverb of large degree
opinion
Opinion, a personal view or judgment on something
quant
As for or regarding; used in quant à
livre
Book, a written or printed literary work
s'
Reflexive pronoun se contracted before vowel sound
accordaient
Agreed, imperfect of s'accorder, third-person plural
dire
To say or to tell, an infinitive verb
lesquels
Which ones, masculine plural relative pronoun
introduit
Introduced, past participle of introduire, singular
meilleurs
Best or better, masculine plural superlative adjective
quelques
Some or a few, indefinite plural adjective
exceptions
Exceptions, cases excluded from a general rule
près
Near or close; also used in à peu près
collection
Collection, a gathered set of items or works
sont
Are, third-person plural of être (to be)
caractère
Character or nature, the distinctive quality of something
égyptien
Egyptian, masculine adjective relating to Egypt
Mais
But, a coordinating conjunction of opposition
depuis
Since or for, indicating duration or starting point
Égyptiens
Egyptians, people from or of Egypt
modernes
Modern, relating to the present or recent times
furent
Were, simple past of être, third-person plural
décrits
Described, masculine plural past participle of décrire
par
By or through, preposition indicating agent or means
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