The Yellow Wallpaper — Page 11

Vocabulary

私

watashi — First-person pronoun meaning 'I' or 'me'.

は

wa — Topic marker particle indicating the sentence topic.

デザイン

dezain — Design; the plan or aesthetic arrangement of something.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns.

原理

genri — Principle or fundamental rule underlying something.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, time, or purpose.

ついて

tsuite — Concerning, about, or regarding a topic.

少し

sukoshi — A little, a small amount, or slightly.

知っ

shit(te) — Knowing; stem form of the verb 'to know'.

て

te — Conjunctive particle linking verbs or clauses.

いる

iru — To exist (animate); auxiliary indicating ongoing state.

が

ga — Subject marker particle; also means 'but' between clauses.

この

kono — This; demonstrative adjective for nearby objects.

もの

mono — Thing, object, or matter in general.

放射

housha — Radiation or emission spreading outward from a center.

交替

koutai — Alternation or rotation between two or more things.

反復

hanpuku — Repetition; the act of repeating something multiple times.

対称

taishou — Symmetry; balanced correspondence between two sides.

あるいは

aruiwa — Or; alternatively; used to present another option.

今まで

ima made — Until now; up to this point in time.

聞い

kii(te) — Hearing or asking; stem form of 'to hear/ask'.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb indicating completed action.

こと

koto — Thing, fact, or nominalized event (abstract matter).

ある

aru — To exist (inanimate); to have or there is.

他

hoka — Other, another, or the rest of something.

いかなる

ikanaru — Any whatsoever; of whatever kind (formal expression).

法則

housoku — Law, rule, or principle governing phenomena.

も

mo — Also, too, even; inclusive or emphatic particle.

基づい

motodzui(te) — Based on, founded upon; stem of 'to be based on'.

配置

haichi — Arrangement or placement of objects in a layout.

さ

sa — Nominalizing suffix or softening sentence-ending particle.

れ

re — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix.

い

i — Shortened form of いる; ongoing state auxiliary.

ない

nai — Negation; not; does not exist or is absent.

もちろん

mochiron — Of course, naturally, certainly without question.

幅

haba — Width, breadth, or range of something.

よっ

yot(te) — By means of; due to; depending on (て-form of よる).

繰り返さ

kurikaesa — Repeated; stem of 'to repeat' in passive context.

それ

sore — That; demonstrative pronoun for a moderately distant object.

以外

igai — Other than, except for, besides something specified.

形

katachi — Shape, form, or figure of an object.

で

de — Particle indicating location of action, means, or cause.

一つ

hitotsu — One (thing); the number one for counting objects.

見方

mikata — Way of seeing or perspective on something.

を

wo — Direct object marker particle in Japanese sentences.

すれ

sure — Conditional stem of する meaning 'to do'.

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'when'.

各

kaku — Each, every; referring to individual items separately.

独立

dokuritsu — Independence; standing alone without connection to others.

し

shi — Conjunctive form of する; also lists reasons naturally.

存在

sonzai — Existence; the state of being present or real.

膨れ上がっ

fukureagat(te) — Swelled up, ballooned; grew large and bulging.

曲線

kyokusen — Curve; a curved line or shape.

と

to — And; with; quotation particle linking nouns or clauses.

装飾

soushoku — Decoration, ornament; embellishing something aesthetically.

伴う

tomonau — To accompany, to be accompanied by something.

一種

isshu — A kind of, a sort of; one type of thing.

堕落

daraku — Corruption, degeneration, moral or aesthetic decline.

愚か

oroka — Foolish, stupid, senseless; lacking good judgment.

孤立

koritsu — Isolation; being alone and separated from others.

柱

hashira — Pillar, column, post; a vertical structural support.

中

naka — Inside, middle, among; referring to interior space.

よちよち

yochiyochi — Toddling; waddling movement of unsteady small steps.

上下

jouge — Up and down; vertical movement in both directions.

動い

ugoi(te) — Moving; stem of 'to move' in conjunctive form.

しかし

shikashi — However, but; conjunction introducing a contrasting statement.

一方

ippou — On the other hand; meanwhile; one direction or side.

それら

sorera — Those (things); plural demonstrative pronoun for multiple items.

つながり

tsunagari — Connection, link, or relationship between things.

広がっ

hirogat(te) — Spread out, expanded; grew wider or broader.

輪郭

rinkaku — Outline, contour; the outer edge defining a shape.

大きく

ookiku — Largely, greatly; in a big or grand manner.

追いかけ

oikake — Chasing, pursuing; stem of 'to chase after'.

合う

au — To match, fit together, or mutually do something.

海藻

kaisou — Seaweed; aquatic plant life found in the ocean.

よう

you — Like, as if; resembling or seeming a certain way.

視覚

shikaku — Vision, sight; the sense of seeing visually.

的

teki — Suffix meaning '-ic' or '-al', making adjectival forms.

恐怖

kyoufu — Terror, fear, dread; intense feeling of being afraid.

大きな

ookina — Large, big; attributive adjective describing size.

斜め

naname — Diagonal, slanted, oblique direction or angle.

波

nami — Wave; undulating movement of water or energy.

なっ

nat(te) — Becoming; conjunctive form of なる (to become).

走り去っ

hashirisot(te) — Ran away; departed quickly by running off.

いく

iku — To go; also auxiliary indicating action continuing away.

全体

zentai — The whole, entirety; everything considered as one.

また

mata — Also, again, furthermore; adds information or restates.

水平

suihei — Horizontal, level; parallel to the ground surface.

方向

houkou — Direction, orientation; the way something is heading.

少なくとも

sukunakutomo — At least; at a minimum amount or degree.

そう

sou — So, that way; indicating agreement or appearance.

見える

mieru — To appear, to be visible; seems a certain way.

そして

soshite — And then, and so; conjunction linking sequential events.

その

sono — That (nearby); demonstrative adjective modifying nouns.

へ

e — Directional particle indicating movement toward something.

動き

ugoki — Movement, motion; the act of something moving.

秩序

chitsujo — Order, system; organized arrangement of elements.

見極めよ

mikiwameyo — Discern clearly; imperative to see through to truth.

う

u — Volitional auxiliary expressing intention or conjecture.

疲れ果て

tsukarehate — Completely exhausted, utterly worn out from effort.

しまう

shimau — To end up doing; regrettable or complete completion.

彼ら

karera — They, them; third-person plural pronoun (often male).

使っ

tsukat(te) — Used; conjunctive form of 'to use something'.

おり

ori — Formal ongoing state auxiliary (formal いる equivalent).

混乱

konran — Confusion, chaos, disorder; a state of disarray.

さらに

sarani — Furthermore, even more; additionally intensifying a point.

著しく

ichijirushiku — Remarkably, notably, to a striking degree.

増し

mashi — Increased; stem of 増す meaning 'to increase'.

部屋

heya — Room; an enclosed space inside a building.

端

hashi — Edge, end, tip; the extreme side of something.

ほぼ

hobo — Almost, nearly, approximately; close to fully.

無傷

mukizu — Unscathed, undamaged; without any scratches or injuries.

箇所

kasho — A spot, place, or particular point or location.

あり

ari — There is; formal or conjunctive form of ある.

そこ

soko — There; that place; a moderately distant location.

交差

kouса — Crossing, intersection; two lines crossing each other.

する

suru — To do; the most fundamental action verb in Japanese.

光

hikari — Light; illumination from a natural or artificial source.

消え

kie — Disappearing; stem of 消える meaning 'to vanish'.

低い

hikui — Low, short in height; not tall or high up.

太陽

taiyou — The sun; the star at the center of our solar system.

直接

chokusetsu — Directly, immediately; without intermediary or detour.

照らす

terasu — To illuminate, to shine light upon something.

とき

toki — Time, moment, occasion when something occurs.

やはり

yahari — As expected, still, after all; confirming expectation.

放射状

houshaجو — Radial pattern; spreading outward from a central point.

広がり

hirogari — Spread, expanse; the extent of something expanding.

想像

souzou — Imagination; forming a mental image of something.

でき

deki — Can do, be able to; potential stem of できる.

な

na — Sentence-ending particle expressing emotion or prohibition.

気

ki — Feeling, spirit, mind; subtle inner sense or mood.

くる

kuru — To come; also auxiliary indicating action toward speaker.

果て

hate — End, extremity; the furthest limit of something.

グロテスク

gurotesku — Grotesque; strangely distorted or bizarrely unpleasant appearance.

模様

moyou — Pattern, design; a decorative or recurring visual arrangement.

共通

kyoutsuu — Common, shared; held in common by multiple parties.

中心

chuushin — Center, core; the middle point of something.

周り

mawari — Surroundings, around; the area encircling something.

形成

keisei — Formation; the process of forming or creating something.

等しく

hitoshiku — Equally, evenly; in an identical or equivalent manner.

錯乱

sakuran — Confusion, derangement; a disturbed or disordered mental state.

勢い

ikioi — Momentum, force, vigor; energy driving something forward.

突進

tosshin — Rush, charge; moving forward rapidly with force.

追いかける

oikakeru — To chase, to run after someone or something.

疲れ

tsukare — Tiredness, fatigue; the state of being exhausted.

昼寝

hirune — Nap, afternoon sleep; resting briefly during the day.

しよ

shiyo — Volitional form of する; let's do or I'll do.

思う

omou — To think, feel, consider; expressing personal opinion.

なぜ

naze — Why; asking for the reason or cause of something.

こんな

konna — Such, this kind of; describing something of this type.

書い

kai(te) — Writing; conjunctive stem of 書く (to write).

か

ka — Question marker particle; also expresses uncertainty.

自分

jibun — Oneself, myself; reflexive pronoun referring to self.

わから

wakara — Don't understand; negative stem of わかる (to understand).

書き

kaki — Writing; conjunctive stem of 書く used with auxiliaries.

たく

taku — Want to; desiderative suffix たい in conjunctive form.

書ける

kakeru — Can write; potential form of 書く (to write).

これ

kore — This; demonstrative pronoun for something nearby speaker.

馬鹿げ

bakage — Absurd, ridiculous, foolish; seeming idiotic or nonsensical.

だろ

daro — Probably, right; casual volitional or presumptive form.

わかっ

wakat(te) — Understanding; conjunctive form of わかる (to understand).