Through the Looking-Glass — Page 10

Vocabulary

และ

lae — Conjunction meaning 'and', connecting words or clauses.

นั่ง

nâng — To sit down or be seated.

ลง

long — To go down, descend, or move downward.

ซะ

sa — Particle adding emphasis or mild imperative tone.

ทั้ง

táng — Both, all, or entire; inclusive of everything mentioned.

คู่

khûu — A pair or couple; two matched items together.

พูด

phûut — To speak or talk to someone.

กับ

gàp — With, and, or together with someone or something.

กษัตริย์

gà-sàt — A king or monarch; royal ruler of a kingdom.

เล่น

lên — To play or engage in a game or activity.

ให้

hâi — To give; also marks causative or purpose clauses.

ยุติธรรม

yút-tì-tham — Fair, just, or impartial in treatment or judgment.

เค้ก

khéek — Cake; a sweet baked dessert food.

ด้วย

dûuai — Also, too, or with; indicates inclusion or addition.

นะ

na — Softening particle seeking agreement or adding friendliness.

รู้

rúu — To know or be aware of something.

ไหม

mái — Question particle used at end of yes/no questions.

รู้สึก

rúu-sùek — To feel or sense an emotion or physical sensation.

อึดอัด

èut-àt — Feeling uncomfortable, cramped, or suffocated emotionally.

อย่าง

yàang — Kind, type, or manner; like or in the way of.

เห็น

hěn — To see or notice something visually.

ได้

dâai — Can, able to, or to obtain; marks past completion.

ชัด

chát — Clear, distinct, or obvious to the senses or mind.

ที่

thîi — At, place, or relative pronoun marker; location word.

ต้อง

tông — Must, have to, or need to do something.

ระหว่าง

rá-wàang — Between, among, or during a period of time.

สิ่งมีชีวิต

sìng-mii-chii-wít — A living creature or organism; any life form.

ยิ่งใหญ่

yîng-yài — Great, grand, or magnificent in scale or importance.

สอง

sǒong — The number two.

แต่

tàe — But, however; introduces a contrasting statement.

ก็

gôr — Also, then, or well; connective discourse particle.

ไม่มี

mâi mii — There is none; to not have or lack something.

อื่น

èun — Other, another, or different from what was mentioned.

สำหรับ

sǎm-ràp — For; intended for a specific person or purpose.

พระองค์

phrá-ong — Royal pronoun referring to a king, queen, or deity.

ช่าง

châang — How (exclamatory); also means skilled craftsman or mechanic.

เป็น

pen — To be; used to state identity, status, or condition.

การ

gaan — Noun-forming prefix indicating an action or process.

ต่อสู้

tòr-sûu — To fight, struggle, or battle against someone or something.

เพื่อ

phûuea — In order to, for the purpose of achieving something.

มงกุฎ

mong-gùt — A crown worn by royalty as symbol of power.

น่า

nâa — Prefix expressing that something seems or ought to be.

สนุก

sà-nùk — Fun, enjoyable, or entertaining; having a good time.

อะไร

à-rai — What; used in questions asking about things or identity.

เช่น

chên — For example, such as; introduces illustrative examples.

นี้

níi — This; demonstrative pronoun referring to nearby thing.

_ตอนนี้_

toon-níi — Right now, at this moment; currently happening.

พลาง

phlaang — Meanwhile, at the same time; doing two things simultaneously.

มอง

moong — To look at or gaze toward something or someone.

ขึ้น

khûen — To go up, rise, or increase in direction or level.

ไป

pai — To go; indicates movement away or ongoing action.

ซึ่ง

sûeng — Which, that; relative pronoun connecting clauses in Thai.

ผู้

phûu — Person, one who; prefix indicating a person or agent.

สงสาร

sǒng-sǎan — To feel pity or compassion for someone suffering.

เกือบ

gùeap — Almost, nearly; very close to doing or being something.

จะ

jà — Will, going to; future tense marker in Thai.

สั่น

sân — To shake, tremble, or vibrate with fear or cold.

หลุด

lùt — To slip off, come loose, or break free from something.

ออก

òok — To exit, come out, or move outward from somewhere.

จาก

jàak — From; indicating origin, departure point, or separation.

ศีรษะ

sǐi-sà — The head; the uppermost part of the human body.

เพราะ

phróe — Because, since; gives reason or cause for something.

มาก

mâak — Very, much, a lot; intensifier indicating large degree.

ข้า

khâa — I, me; formal or archaic first-person pronoun.

ชนะ

chá-ná — To win, defeat, or be victorious over an opponent.

สบาย

sà-baai — Comfortable, at ease, or feeling well and relaxed.

สิงโต

sing-too — A lion; large wild cat known as king of animals.

ไม่

mâi — No, not; primary negation word in Thai language.

แน่ใจ

nâe-jai — To be certain or sure about something.

นัก

nák — Very, quite; intensifier used after verbs or adjectives.

หรอก

ròok — Particle softening denial or negative statements politely.

โอ้

ôo — Oh! Exclamation expressing surprise or strong emotion.

แก

gae — You; informal second-person pronoun, slightly familiar tone.

รอบ

rôop — Around, surrounding; also means a round or cycle.

เมือง

mueang — City, town, or country; a populated place or territory.

เลย

loei — At all, so, then; emphatic or resultative particle.

ไอ้

âi — Derogatory male prefix; used before insults or names.

ขี้ขลาด

khîi-klàat — Cowardly, timid; describing someone who lacks bravery.

ตอบ

tòop — To answer or respond to a question or statement.

โกรธ

grôot — To be angry or furious at someone or something.

เคือง

khueang — To feel irritated, resentful, or mildly offended.

ลุก

lúk — To stand up, rise, or get up from a position.

มา

maa — To come; indicates movement toward or completed action.

ครึ่ง

khrûeng — Half; one of two equal parts of something whole.

ตัว

tuua — Body, self, or classifier for animals and clothing.

ขณะ

khà-nà — While, at the moment, during a specific point in time.

ตรง

trong — Straight, direct, or right at a specific location.

ขัด

khàt — To obstruct, interrupt, or contradict; also to polish.

จังหวะ

jang-wà — Rhythm, beat, or a good moment or timing.

ป้องกัน

pông-gan — To protect, defend, or prevent harm from occurring.

ทะเลาะ

thá-lór — To quarrel or argue with someone heatedly.

ดำเนิน

dam-noen — To proceed, carry on, or conduct an activity.

ต่อ

tòr — To continue, connect, or against; also per unit.

ตื่นเต้น

tùen-tên — Excited or thrilled about something happening or upcoming.

น้ำเสียง

náam-sǐang — Tone of voice; the quality or manner of speaking.

ทั้งหมด

táng-mòt — All, everything, the entire total of something.

หรือ

rǔue — Or; presents an alternative option or yes/no question.

ตรัส

tràt — To speak; royal verb used for kings or deities speaking.

นั่น

nân — That; demonstrative pronoun referring to something distant.

ระยะทาง

rá-yá-thaang — Distance; the measured length between two points.

ยาว

yaao — Long in length or duration; extended in size.

ไกล

glai — Far away, distant; not close in space or time.

ทีเดียว

thii-diao — Indeed, quite, at once; emphatic intensifying expression.

เดินทาง

doen-thaang — To travel or make a journey to somewhere.

ผ่าน

phàan — To pass through, go past, or pass an exam.

สะพาน

sà-phaan — A bridge spanning over water or a gap.

เก่า

gào — Old, aged, or worn; not new; former or previous.

ตลาด

tà-làat — A market; place where goods are bought and sold.

ดี

dii — Good, fine, or nice; positive quality or condition.

ที่สุด

thîi-sùt — Most, the most; superlative marker in Thai language.

จริงๆ

jing-jing — Really, truly, genuinely; strong emphasis on truth.

คำราม

kham-raam — To roar or growl; a loud threatening animal sound.

นอน

noon — To lie down or sleep; resting in a horizontal position.

อีก

ìik — Again, more, another; indicates repetition or addition.

ครั้ง

khráng — Time, instance, or occasion; classifier for occurrences.

ฝุ่น

fùn — Dust; fine dry particles floating or settled on surfaces.

มัน

man — It; third-person pronoun for things, animals, or informal use.

เยอะ

yóe — A lot, many, much; informal word for large quantity.

เกิน

goen — Too much, exceeding; beyond acceptable limit or amount.

จน

jon — Until, so much that; also means poor or impoverished.

ใช้

chái — To use or make use of something for a purpose.

เวลา

wee-laa — Time; a period or moment in the day or life.

นาน

naan — Long time; for a lengthy or extended period of time.

ใน

nai — In, inside, within; preposition indicating location inside.

ตัด

tàt — To cut, trim, or sever something with a blade.

ชิ้น

chín — Piece, slice, or chunk; classifier for cut food items.

นั้น

nán — That; demonstrative adjective pointing to something specific.

อยู่

yùu — To be located, to stay, or to live somewhere.

บน

bon — On top of, above; indicates position on a surface.

ริม

rim — Edge, side, or bank; beside or along the edge.

ฝั่ง

fàng — Bank or shore; side of a river, lake, or road.

ของ

khǒong — Of, belonging to; possessive particle in Thai grammar.

ลำธาร

lam-thaan — A stream or brook; small flowing body of water.

เล็กๆ

lék-lék — Small, tiny; reduplication emphasizes smallness of size.

โดย

dooi — By, via, by means of; indicates method or agent.

มี

mii — To have or there is/are; indicates existence or possession.

จาน

jaan — A plate or dish used for serving or eating food.

ใบ

bai — Leaf; classifier for flat objects like plates and leaves.

ใหญ่

yài — Big, large, or great in size or importance.

วาง

waang — To place or put down an object somewhere.

เข่า

khào — The knee; the joint in the middle of the leg.

กำลัง

gam-lang — Currently doing; also means strength or power or force.

เลื่อย

lûueai — A saw; tool for cutting wood or other materials.

มีด

mîit — A knife; sharp blade used for cutting food or objects.

ขยัน

khà-yǎn — Hardworking, diligent, industrious in one's efforts.

รำคาญ

ram-khaan — Annoyed, irritated, or bothered by something or someone.

เธอ

thoe — She, her, or you; second or third person feminine pronoun.

เริ่ม

rôem — To begin or start doing something for the first time.

ชิน

chin — Accustomed to, used to; familiar through repeated experience.

ถูก

thùuk — To be correct; cheap; or passive marker in sentences.

เรียก

rîak — To call, name, or summon someone or something.

ว่า

wâa — That; introduces a quote, thought, or subordinate clause.

เสีย

sǐa — Broken, lost, wasted; particle indicating regrettable completion.

แล้ว

láeo — Already, then, done; marks completed action or sequence.