Thus Spake Zarathustra: A Book for All and None — Page 14

Vocabulary

の

no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns.

第一部

dai ichi bu — Part one; the first section of a work.

は

wa — Topic-marking particle indicating the sentence subject.

約

yaku — Approximately; roughly a certain amount or number.

十

juu — The number ten.

日間

nikkан — A span or period of several days.

で

de — Particle indicating means, location of action, or scope.

書か

kaka — Stem form of 書く (kaku), to write.

れ

re — Passive auxiliary verb form indicating something was done.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb marker.

すなわち

sunawachi — That is to say; namely; in other words.

年

nen — Year; counter for years.

2

ni — The number two.

月

tsuki / gatsu — Month; also means moon.

初め

hajime — The beginning or early part of a period.

から

kara — Particle meaning from, since, or because.

中頃

nakagoro — Around the middle of a period or range.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, time, location, or purpose.

かけて

kakete — Spanning from one point to another; ranging over.

こと

koto — Nominalizer turning verbs into noun phrases; thing, fact.

ある

aru — To exist; to be (for inanimate objects or abstract things).

最後

saigo — The last; the end; the final moment.

行

gyou / kou — Line of text; going; row.

が

ga — Subject-marking particle highlighting the grammatical subject.

息

iki — Breath; breathing; life's last breath.

を

wo — Object-marking particle indicating the direct object.

引き取っ

hikitot(te) — To pass away; to take one's last breath.

まさに

masani — Exactly; precisely; just at that moment.

その

sono — That; the (referring to something previously mentioned).

神聖

shinsei — Sacred; holy; divine in nature or character.

な

na — Adjectival particle connecting na-adjectives to nouns.

時

toki — Time; moment; occasion when something occurs.

この

kono — This; referring to something close to the speaker.

本

hon — Book; a bound written or printed publication.

執筆

shippitsu — Writing; the act of composing a written work.

する

suru — To do; general-purpose action verb.

費やし

tsuiyashi — To spend or consume time, money, or energy.

除い

nozoі — To exclude; to remove or except something.

て

te — Conjunctive particle linking sequential or causal actions.

兄

ani — Older brother; one's senior male sibling.

冬

fuyu — Winter; the coldest season of the year.

自分

jibun — Oneself; refers reflexively to the speaker or subject.

これ

kore — This; referring to something near the speaker.

まで

made — Until; up to a point in time or degree.

経験

keiken — Experience; something personally lived through or undergone.

し

shi — Conjunctive form of する; also lists reasons.

中

naka / chuu — Inside; among; in the middle of something.

最も

mottomo — Most; to the greatest degree or extent.

過酷

kakoku — Harsh; severe; extremely cruel or demanding conditions.

病

yamai / byou — Illness; disease; sickness affecting one's health.

苦しん

kurushин — To suffer; to be in pain or distress.

だ

da — Copula; plain-form equivalent of です (is/are/was).

と

to — Particle meaning and, with, or quotation marker.

よく

yoku — Often; well; frequently used adverb.

語っ

katot(te) — To tell; to speak about; to narrate or recount.

い

i — Conjunctive/stem form of いる, indicating ongoing state.

しかし

shikashi — However; but; a conjunction showing contrast.

それ

sore — That; referring to something near the listener.

以前

izen — Before; previously; prior to a certain point.

彼

kare — He; him; third-person masculine pronoun.

苦しめ

kurushime — To torment; to cause suffering or pain to someone.

いう

iu — To say; to be called; to state or express.

なく

naku — Without; lacking; negative conjunctive form of ない.

罹っ

kakot(te) — To contract; to come down with an illness.

ひどい

hidoi — Terrible; severe; awful in degree or quality.

インフルエンザ

infuruenza — Influenza; the flu virus causing fever and fatigue.

あり

ari — Conjunctive form of ある; there is/was, existing.

到着

touchaku — Arrival; the act of reaching a destination.

数

suu / kazu — Several; a number or count of things.

週間

shuukan — Week(s); a period counted in weeks.

わたっ

watat(te) — Spanning; extending over a period or range.

悩ませ

nayamase — To trouble; to cause worry, distress, or affliction.

実際

jissai — In reality; actually; in practice or in fact.

ところ

tokoro — Place; situation; point in time or circumstance.

嘆い

nagеkai — To lament; to grieve or express deep sorrow.

自身

jishin — Oneself; one's own self, used for emphasis.

精神

seishin — Spirit; mind; mental or psychological state.

的

teki — Suffix forming adjectives meaning -like, -al, or -ic.

状態

joutai — State; condition; the current situation or status.

あの

ano — That (over there); referring to something distant.

言葉

kotoba — Words; language; an expression or manner of speaking.

言い表せ

iiаrawase — To express in words; to describe or articulate something.

ない

nai — Negative auxiliary; not; does not exist.

孤絶

kozetsu — Complete isolation; being cut off entirely from others.

感

kan — Feeling; sense; a sensation or impression experienced.

胸

mune — Chest; heart; the emotional center of one's feelings.

引き裂く

hikisaku — To tear apart; to rip asunder emotionally or physically.

よう

you — Like; as if; seeming or appearing in a certain way.

表現

hyougen — Expression; representation of thoughts or feelings in words.

綴ら

tsudzura — To write; to spell out or compose in writing.

いる

iru — To exist; to be (for animate beings or ongoing action).

友人

yuujin — Friend; a person one has a friendly relationship with.

や

ya — Particle listing examples; and, or among other things.

知人

chijin — Acquaintance; someone known but not a close friend.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or living beings.

受け

uke — To receive; to accept something directed at oneself.

反応

hannou — Reaction; response to a stimulus, event, or communication.

さえ

sae — Even; a particle emphasizing an extreme or unexpected case.

極めて

kiwamete — Extremely; exceedingly; to the utmost degree.

落胆

rakutan — Disappointment; discouragement; feeling let down or dejected.

さ

sa — Suffix nominalizing adjectives; also softens statements.

せる

seru — Causative auxiliary verb meaning to make or let someone do.

もの

mono — Thing; object; that which has a certain quality.

あっ

at(te) — Conjunctive form of ある; there was, existing.

も

mo — Also; too; even; inclusive particle adding emphasis.

作品

sakuhin — Work; a piece of art, literature, or creative output.

写し

utsushi — Copy; a transcript or duplicate of a document.

贈っ

okut(te) — To give as a gift; to present something to someone.

人々

hitobito — People; various individuals; people in general.

ほぼ

hobo — Almost; nearly; roughly all or most of something.

全員

zenin — All members; every single person in a group.

誤解

gokai — Misunderstanding; incorrect interpretation of meaning or intent.

私

watashi — I; me; first-person singular pronoun.

多く

ooku — Many; much; a large number or amount of things.

思想

shisou — Thought; ideology; philosophical ideas or beliefs.

熟し

jukushi — To ripen; to mature; to become fully developed.

者

mono / sha — Person; one who does something; a practitioner.

誰

dare — Who; which person; an interrogative or indefinite pronoun.

一人

hitori — One person; alone; a single individual.

なかっ

nakatта — Negative past form; there was not; did not exist.

場合

baai — Case; situation; circumstances under which something occurs.

証明

shoumei — Proof; demonstration that something is true or valid.

人

hito / jin — Person; human being; individual.

最大限

saidaigen — Maximum; to the greatest possible extent or degree.

明晰

meiseki — Clear; lucid; sharp and precise in thinking or expression.

もっ

mot(te) — With; by means of; using (conjunctive form of 持つ).

聞き届け

kikitodoke — To hear and grant; to properly heed or acknowledge.

られ

rare — Passive/potential auxiliary; can be done or is done to one.