Traditions of the Tinguian: a Study in Philippine Folk-Lore — Page 9

Vocabulary

Aprendemos

We learn; first person plural present of aprender.

que

That; conjunction connecting clauses or introducing subordinate clauses.

cada

Each, every; adjective indicating all individual members.

aldea

Small village or rural settlement.

está

Is; third person singular present of estar (location/state).

situada

Located, situated; placed in a particular position or place.

cerca

Near, close to; indicating proximity to something.

de

Of, from; preposition indicating possession or origin.

un

A, an; indefinite article masculine singular.

río

River; a large natural flowing body of water.

o

Or; conjunction presenting an alternative option.

vía

Way, route, path; a road or channel of travel.

fluvial

Fluvial; relating to or found in rivers.

en

In, on, at; preposition indicating location or time.

cuyas

Whose; relative possessive pronoun, feminine plural form.

orillas

Banks, shores, edges; sides of a river or body of water.

se

Reflexive pronoun; used with reflexive or passive verbs.

cavan

They dig; third person plural present of cavar.

pozos

Wells; deep holes dug to access underground water.

poco

Little, not much; indicating a small amount or degree.

profundos

Deep; having great depth, not shallow.

y

And; conjunction joining words or clauses together.

allí

There; adverb indicating a place away from the speaker.

encontramos

We find, we encounter; first person plural present of encontrar.

a

To, at; preposition indicating direction or personal object.

las

The; definite article feminine plural form.

mujeres

Women; adult female persons.

reuniéndose

Gathering together; reflexive gerund of reunirse, to meet.

bajo

Under, below; preposition indicating position beneath something.

la

The; definite article feminine singular form.

sombra

Shade, shadow; darkness caused by blocking light.

los

The; definite article masculine plural form.

árboles

Trees; large woody plants with trunks and branches.

sacando

Taking out, drawing out; gerund of sacar, to remove.

agua

Water; clear liquid essential for life.

para

For, in order to; preposition indicating purpose or goal.

llevarla

To carry it; infinitive llevar with feminine pronoun attached.

sus

Their, his, her, your; possessive adjective plural form.

hogares

Homes, households; places where people live with family.

lavándose

Washing themselves; reflexive gerund of lavarse, to wash.

peinándose

Combing their hair; reflexive gerund of peinarse.

el

The; definite article masculine singular form.

cabello

Hair; the hair growing on a person's head.

tomando

Taking, having; gerund of tomar, to take or drink.

baños

Baths, bathrooms; washing of the body or a bathroom.

Rara

Rare, unusual; seldom occurring, uncommon.

vez

Time, occasion; instance of something happening.

van

They go; third person plural present of ir, to go.

solas

Alone; by themselves, without company, feminine plural.

pues

Because, well, since; conjunction indicating reason or consequence.

es

Is; third person singular present of ser, to be.

probable

Probable, likely; having a good chance of occurring.

enemigos

Enemies; people who are hostile or opposed to others.

estén

Are; third person plural present subjunctive of estar.

menos

Less, fewer; indicating a smaller amount or degree.

vayan

They go; third person plural present subjunctive of ir.

varias

Several, various; more than two, feminine plural form.

grupo

Group; a number of people or things together.

será

Will be; third person singular future of ser, to be.

imposible

Impossible; not able to happen or be done.

dar

To give; infinitive meaning to give or produce something.

alarma

Alarm, warning; signal alerting others to danger.

conseguir

To obtain, to achieve; to get or manage to do something.

ayuda

Help, assistance; support given to someone in need.

caso

Case, situation; an instance or particular circumstance.

ataque

Attack; a violent or aggressive act against someone.

Desde

From, since; preposition indicating starting point in space or time.

manantial

Spring, water source; natural flow of water from ground.

hasta

Until, up to, as far as; preposition indicating limit.

hay

There is, there are; impersonal form of haber indicating existence.

postes

Posts, poles; upright structures planted in the ground.

bambú

Bamboo; a tall fast-growing tropical grass plant.

exhiben

They display, exhibit; third person plural present of exhibir.

cabezas

Heads; the upper part of a human or animal body.

En

In, on; preposition indicating location or circumstance.

casos

Cases, instances; particular situations or examples.

guerreros

Warriors; fighters or soldiers skilled in combat.

han

Have; auxiliary verb, third person plural of haber.

tenido

Had; past participle of tener, used in perfect tenses.

éxito

Success; a favorable or desired outcome or result.

especial

Special; distinctive, exceptional, or particular in nature.

estos

These; demonstrative adjective or pronoun, masculine plural.

trofeos

Trophies; prizes or objects kept as symbols of victory.

pueden

They can; third person plural present of poder, can.

rodear

To surround, encircle; to go around or encompass something.

todo

All, entire; the whole of something, everything included.

asentamiento

Settlement; a place where people have established a community.

Alrededor

Around, surrounding; on all sides of something.

del

Of the; contraction of de and el.

poblado

Village, settlement; a small populated place or community.

una

A, an; indefinite article feminine singular form.

muralla

Wall, rampart; a large defensive wall around a settlement.

defensiva

Defensive; designed to protect against attack or danger.

generalmente

Generally, usually; in most cases or circumstances.

pero

But; conjunction indicating contrast or opposition.

algunos

Some; an unspecified number, masculine plural form.

compuesta

Composed, made up; consisting of particular elements or parts.

enteramente

Entirely, completely; wholly, with nothing left out.

serpientes

Snakes; legless reptiles that slither along the ground.

gigantescas

Giant, gigantic; extremely large in size, feminine plural.

Dentro

Inside, within; in the interior of a place or thing.

este

This; demonstrative adjective or pronoun, masculine singular.

recinto

Enclosure, compound; a fenced or walled area or space.

muchas

Many; a large number of, feminine plural form.

casas

Houses; buildings where people live and reside.

Los

The; definite article masculine plural form.

pisos

Floors, stories; the horizontal surfaces inside a building.

elevados

Elevated, raised; lifted high above a lower surface.

muy

Very; adverb intensifying an adjective or adverb.

por

By, for, through; preposition with various relational meanings.

encima

Above, on top; at a higher position than something else.

suelo

Ground, floor, soil; the surface on which one walks.

mientras

While, whereas; conjunction indicating simultaneous or contrasting actions.

techo

Roof, ceiling; the upper covering of a building or room.

hierba

Grass, herb; low-growing green plants or medicinal plants.

Escaleras

Stairs, ladders; steps used to move between different levels.

conducen

They lead, they conduct; third person plural present of conducir.

pequeños

Small, little; of limited size, masculine plural form.

porches

Porches; covered entrances or platforms at a building's entrance.

desde

From, since; preposition marking the starting point.

cuales

Which; relative pronoun referring to previously mentioned things.

abren

They open; third person plural present of abrir, to open.

puertas

Doors, gates; movable barriers allowing entry into spaces.

hacia

Toward, towards; preposition indicating direction or movement.

viviendas

Dwellings, residences; places where people live and inhabit.

Al

To the; contraction of a and el.

parte

Part, side; a section or portion of something larger.

tienen

They have; third person plural present of tener, to have.

habitación

Room; an enclosed space within a building for a purpose.

cocinar

To cook; to prepare food by applying heat.

además

In addition, also, furthermore; adding information to a statement.

utilizada

Used, utilized; employed for a particular purpose or function.

familia

Family; a group of people related by blood or marriage.

estructuras

Structures; things built or constructed with organized parts.

contienen

They contain; third person plural present of contener, to hold.

novena

Ninth; the ordinal number nine, feminine form.

mencionan

They mention; third person plural present of mencionar.

veces

Times, occasions; instances of something happening repeatedly.