Traditions of the Tinguian: a Study in Philippine Folk-Lore — Page 9

Vocabulary

Nous

noo — First person plural pronoun meaning 'we' or 'us'

apprenons

ah-pruh-nohn — We learn; first person plural of apprendre

que

kuh — That, which, or what; subordinating conjunction

chaque

shahk — Each or every; used before singular nouns

village

vee-lahzh — A small rural settlement or community

est

eh — Is; third person singular of être (to be)

situé

see-tü-ay — Located or situated in a particular place

près

preh — Near or close to something

d'

d — Of or from; elided form of de before vowel

une

ün — Indefinite article, feminine singular meaning 'a' or 'an'

rivière

ree-vyehr — A river or stream flowing through a landscape

ou

oo — Or; conjunction connecting alternatives

voie

vwah — A way, path, road, or route

eau

oh — Water; essential liquid found in nature

sur

sür — On or upon; preposition indicating position

les

lay — The; definite article for plural nouns

rives

reev — Banks or shores of a river or body of water

de

duh — Of or from; very common French preposition

laquelle

lah-kehl — Which; feminine singular relative pronoun

des

day — Some; indefinite article for plural nouns

puits

pwee — A well dug into the ground for water

peu

puh — Little, few; indicates small quantity or degree

profonds

proh-fohn — Deep; describing something of great depth

sont

sohn — Are; third person plural of être (to be)

creusés

kruh-zay — Dug or excavated; past participle of creuser

et

ay — And; basic coordinating conjunction

là

lah — There; adverb indicating a place or location

nous

noo — We or us; first person plural pronoun

trouvons

troo-vohn — We find; first person plural of trouver

femmes

fahm — Women; plural of femme

se

suh — Reflexive pronoun used with pronominal verbs

rassemblant

rah-sahm-blahn — Gathering or assembling together in a group

à

ah — To, at, in; very common French preposition

l'

l — The; elided definite article before a vowel

ombre

ohm-bruh — Shade or shadow; darkness caused by blocking light

arbres

ar-bruh — Trees; plural of arbre

puisant

pwee-zahn — Drawing or fetching water from a source

pour

poor — For or in order to; preposition or conjunction

la

lah — The; feminine singular definite article

porter

por-tay — To carry or bring something from one place

chez

shay — At the home of; preposition indicating someone's place

elles

ehl — They; third person plural feminine pronoun

lavant

lah-vahn — Washing; present participle of laver

coiffant

kwah-fahn — Styling or combing hair; present participle of coiffer

cheveux

shuh-vuh — Hair on the head; plural noun

prenant

pruh-nahn — Taking; present participle of prendre

leurs

lur — Their; third person plural possessive adjective

bains

ban — Baths; plural of bain

Elles

ehl — They; feminine third person plural subject pronoun

vont

vohn — Go; third person plural of aller (to go)

rarement

rahr-mahn — Rarely; adverb meaning seldom or infrequently

seules

suhl — Alone or by themselves; feminine plural adjective

car

kar — Because or for; causal coordinating conjunction

ennemis

ehn-mee — Enemies; those who are hostile or opposing

susceptibles

sü-sep-teebl — Likely or prone to something; susceptible

être

eh-truh — To be; fundamental French auxiliary verb

proches

prosh — Near or close; nearby in distance or relation

moins

mwan — Less or fewer; used in comparisons

plusieurs

plü-zyur — Several; more than two but not too many

ne

nuh — Negation particle used with pas or other words

soient

swah — Are; subjunctive form of être (to be)

compagnie

kohm-pah-nyee — Company; the presence of other people nearby

il

eel — He or it; third person masculine singular pronoun

sera

suh-rah — Will be; future tense of être

impossible

im-poh-seebl — Impossible; not able to be done or achieved

donner

doh-nay — To give; to provide something to someone

alarme

ah-larm — An alarm or warning signal of danger

obtenir

ob-tuh-neer — To obtain or get something

aide

ehd — Help or assistance provided to someone in need

en

ahn — In or on; common preposition indicating manner or location

cas

kah — Case or instance; a particular situation or occurrence

attaque

ah-tak — Attack; an act of aggression against someone

De

duh — Of, from; very common French preposition

source

soors — A spring or source of water; an origin

jusqu'

zhüsk — Until or up to; elided form of jusqu'à

au

oh — To the or at the; contraction of à + le

mènent

mehn — Lead or go; third person plural of mener

perches

pehrsh — Poles or rods; long thin sticks used as supports

bambou

bam-boo — Bamboo; a fast-growing tropical grass with hollow stems

lesquelles

lay-kehl — Which; feminine plural relative pronoun

exposées

ehk-spoh-zay — Exposed or displayed; feminine plural past participle

têtes

teht — Heads; plural of tête

Dans

dahn — In or inside; preposition indicating location within

où

oo — Where; relative or interrogative adverb of place

guerriers

geh-ryay — Warriors; fighters or soldiers in battle

ont

ohn — Have; third person plural of avoir (to have)

été

ay-tay — Been; past participle of être (to be)

particulièrement

par-tee-kü-lyehr-mahn — Particularly or especially; to a notable degree

victorieux

veek-toh-ryuh — Victorious; having won a battle or contest

ces

say — These or those; demonstrative adjective plural

trophées

troh-fay — Trophies; objects kept as symbols of victory

peuvent

puv — Can; third person plural of pouvoir (to be able)

entourer

ahn-too-ray — To surround or encircle something completely

toute

toot — All or entire; feminine singular of tout

agglomération

ah-gloh-may-rah-syohn — A settlement or built-up urban area

Autour

oh-toor — Around; preposition or adverb indicating surrounding

du

dü — Of the; contraction of de + le

trouve

troov — Finds; third person singular of trouver (to find)

un

an — A or an; masculine singular indefinite article

mur

mür — A wall; a vertical structure enclosing a space

défensif

day-fahn-seef — Defensive; intended to protect against attack

généralement

zhay-nay-ral-mahn — Generally or usually; in most cases

mais

meh — But; conjunction indicating contrast or exception

dans

dahn — In or inside; preposition indicating location

certains

sehr-tan — Certain or some; referring to unspecified particular ones

constitué

kohn-stee-tü-ay — Made up of or composed of; past participle of constituer

entièrement

ahn-tyehr-mahn — Entirely or completely; without any exception

serpents

sehr-pahn — Snakes; plural of serpent

gigantesques

zhee-gahn-tehsk — Gigantic or enormous; of very great size

À

ah — At, to, in; common French preposition

intérieur

an-tay-ryur — Interior or inside; the inner part of something

cette

seht — This; feminine singular demonstrative adjective

enceinte

ahn-sant — An enclosure or surrounding wall or boundary

trouvent

troov — Find or are found; third person plural of trouver

nombreuses

nohm-bruhz — Numerous or many; feminine plural adjective

maisons

may-zohn — Houses; plural of maison

Les

lay — The; definite article for plural nouns

planchers

plahn-shay — Floors; flat surfaces forming the base of a room

élevés

ay-luh-vay — Raised or elevated; positioned above normal ground level

bien

byan — Well or very; common adverb of manner or degree

dessus

duh-sü — Above or on top; adverb indicating higher position

sol

sol — Ground, floor, or soil; surface beneath one's feet

tandis

tahn-dee — While or whereas; used in tandis que construction

le

luh — The; masculine singular definite article

chaume

shohm — Thatch; dried straw used as roofing material

fait

feh — Made of or does; third person singular of faire

herbe

ehrb — Grass or herb; low-growing green plant

Des

day — Some; plural indefinite article or de + les

échelles

ay-shehl — Ladders; structures used to climb up or down

petits

puh-tee — Small or little; masculine plural adjective

porches

porsh — Porches or covered entrances to a building

depuis

duh-pwee — Since or from; indicates starting point in time or space

lesquels

lay-kehl — Which; masculine plural relative pronoun

portes

port — Doors or gates; plural of porte

s'

s — Reflexive pronoun; elided form of se before vowel

ouvrent

oov-ruh — Open; third person plural of ouvrir (to open)

habitations

ah-bee-tah-syohn — Dwellings or residences; places where people live

Au

oh — To the or at the; contraction of à + le

partie

par-tee — Part or portion; a section of a larger whole

possède

poh-sehd — Possesses or has; third person singular of posséder

pièce

pyehs — A room in a building or a piece of something

cuisine

kwee-zeen — Kitchen; room where food is prepared and cooked

plus

plü — More; used in comparisons or to indicate addition

celle

sehl — The one; feminine singular demonstrative pronoun

utilisée

ü-tee-lee-zay — Used; feminine past participle of utiliser

par

par — By or per; preposition indicating agent or means

famille

fah-mee — Family; a group of related people living together

constructions

kohn-strük-syohn — Buildings or constructions; structures built by people

contenant

kohn-tuh-nahn — Containing; present participle of contenir

neuvième

nuh-vyehm — Ninth; the ordinal number following eighth

mentionnées

mahn-syoh-nay — Mentioned; feminine plural past participle of mentionner

fois

fwah — Time or times; indicating frequency of occurrence