Traditions of the Tinguian: a Study in Philippine Folk-Lore — Page 8
In consequence of modern rationalism there is a tendency on the part of a considerable number of the Tinguian to consider these tales purely as stories and the characters as fictitious, but the mass of the people hold them to be true and speak of the actors as "the people who lived in the first times."
En raison du rationalisme moderne, un nombre considérable de Tinguians ont tendance à considérer ces récits comme de simples histoires et les personnages comme fictifs, mais la grande majorité du peuple les tient pour vrais et parle des acteurs comme « des gens qui vivaient aux premiers temps ».
For the present we shall take their point of view and shall try to reconstruct the life in "the first times" as it appears in the tales.
Pour l'instant, nous adopterons leur point de vue et essaierons de reconstituer la vie « aux premiers temps » telle qu'elle apparaît dans les récits.
The principal actors live in Kadalayapan and Kaodanan, [6] towns which our chief story teller--when trying to explain the desire of Kanag to go down and get fruit--assures us were somewhere in the air, above the earth (p. 141).
Les personnages principaux vivent à Kadalayapan et Kaodanan, [6] villes dont notre principal conteur — en essayant d'expliquer le désir de Kanag de descendre chercher des fruits — nous assure qu'elles se trouvaient quelque part dans les airs, au-dessus de la terre (p. 141).
[7] At other times these places are referred to as Sudipan--the term by which spirits are supposed to call the present earth--while the actors are referred to as Ipogau--the spirit name for Tinguian.
[7] En d'autres occasions, ces lieux sont désignés sous le nom de Sudipan — le terme par lequel les esprits sont censés appeler la terre actuelle — tandis que les acteurs sont désignés sous le nom d'Ipogau — le nom spirituel des Tinguians.
Whatever its location it was a place much like the present home of this people.
Quel que soit son emplacement, c'était un endroit très semblable au foyer actuel de ce peuple.
The sky, the chief abode of spirits and celestial bodies, was above the land, and the heroes of the tales are pictured as ascending to visit the upper realms.
Le ciel, demeure principale des esprits et des corps célestes, se trouvait au-dessus de la terre, et les héros des récits sont dépeints comme montant pour visiter les royaumes supérieurs.
The trees, plants, and animals were for the most part those known to-day.
Les arbres, les plantes et les animaux étaient pour la plupart ceux que l'on connaît aujourd'hui.
The ocean appears to have been well known, while mention is made of some places in Luzon, such as Dagopan and San Fernando in Pangasinan with which the people of to-day are not at all familiar (p.
L'océan semble avoir été bien connu, tandis que sont mentionnés certains endroits de Luzon, tels que Dagopan et San Fernando dans le Pangasinan, avec lesquels les gens d'aujourd'hui ne sont pas du tout familiers (p.
Vocabulary
- En
- Preposition indicating context or manner
- raison
- Reason, cause, or justification for something
- du
- Contraction of 'de le', meaning 'of the'
- rationalisme
- Philosophical doctrine emphasizing reason over tradition
- moderne
- Relating to the present or recent times
- un
- Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'one'
- nombre
- A quantity or count of things
- considérable
- Large or significant in size or extent
- de
- Preposition meaning 'of', 'from', or 'about'
- ont
- Third person plural of 'avoir', meaning 'have'
- tendance
- A tendency or inclination toward something
- à
- Preposition meaning 'to', 'at', or 'in'
- considérer
- To regard or think about something carefully
- ces
- Demonstrative adjective meaning 'these' or 'those'
- récits
- Narratives or accounts of events
- comme
- Conjunction or preposition meaning 'as' or 'like'
- simples
- Plain, basic, or uncomplicated in nature
- histoires
- Stories, tales, or historical accounts
- et
- Conjunction meaning 'and'
- les
- Definite article meaning 'the' (plural)
- personnages
- Characters or figures in a story
- fictifs
- Invented or imaginary, not real
- mais
- Conjunction meaning 'but'
- la
- Definite article meaning 'the' (feminine singular)
- grande
- Large, great, or important in degree
- majorité
- The greater part or more than half
- peuple
- A people, nation, or population group
- tient
- Third person singular of 'tenir', meaning 'holds'
- pour
- Preposition meaning 'for' or 'in order to'
- vrais
- True, real, or genuine in nature
- parle
- To speak or talk about something
- des
- Contraction meaning 'of the' or indefinite plural
- acteurs
- Actors or participants in events
- gens
- People or individuals in general
- qui
- Relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which'
- vivaient
- Imperfect tense of 'vivre', meaning 'were living'
- aux
- Contraction of 'à les', meaning 'at the' or 'in the'
- premiers
- First or earliest in order or time
- temps
- Time, weather, or era
- Pour
- Preposition meaning 'for' or 'in order to'
- l'
- Elided form of 'le' or 'la' before a vowel
- instant
- A moment or very brief period of time
- nous
- First person plural pronoun meaning 'we' or 'us'
- adopterons
- Future tense of 'adopter', meaning 'will adopt'
- leur
- Possessive or pronoun meaning 'their' or 'them'
- point
- Point, opinion, or viewpoint on something
- vue
- View, sight, or perspective on a matter
- essaierons
- Future tense of 'essayer', meaning 'will try'
- reconstituer
- To reconstruct or piece together something past
- vie
- Life or way of living
- telle
- Such or as it is, feminine form
- qu'
- Elided form of 'que', meaning 'that' or 'as'
- elle
- Third person singular feminine pronoun meaning 'she' or 'it'
- apparaît
- To appear or become visible
- dans
- Preposition meaning 'in' or 'within'
- Les
- Definite plural article meaning 'the'
- principaux
- Main or most important ones
- vivent
- Third person plural of 'vivre', meaning 'live'
- villes
- Cities or towns as places of settlement
- dont
- Relative pronoun meaning 'of which' or 'whose'
- notre
- Possessive adjective meaning 'our'
- principal
- Main or most important in rank or role
- conteur
- A storyteller or narrator of tales
- en
- Preposition or pronoun meaning 'in' or 'of it'
- essayant
- Present participle of 'essayer', meaning 'trying'
- d'
- Elided form of 'de', meaning 'of' or 'from'
- expliquer
- To explain or make something clear
- le
- Definite masculine singular article meaning 'the'
- désir
- A wish, longing, or strong want
- descendre
- To go down or come down from somewhere
- chercher
- To look for or search for something
- fruits
- Edible fruit produced by plants or trees
- assure
- To assure or confirm something as certain
- elles
- Third person plural feminine pronoun meaning 'they'
- se
- Reflexive pronoun meaning 'oneself' or 'themselves'
- trouvaient
- Imperfect of 'trouver', meaning 'were located'
- quelque
- Some or a certain unspecified amount
- part
- Somewhere or a share or portion
- airs
- Air, atmosphere, or skies above
- au-dessus
- Above or over a place or thing
- terre
- Earth, ground, or land
- autres
- Other or additional ones
- occasions
- Opportunities or specific instances or times
- lieux
- Places or locations
- sont
- Third person plural of 'être', meaning 'are'
- désignés
- Designated, named, or referred to as
- sous
- Preposition meaning 'under' or 'beneath'
- nom
- Name given to a person or place
- terme
- A word or expression with specific meaning
- par
- Preposition meaning 'by', 'through', or 'per'
- lequel
- Relative pronoun meaning 'which' or 'whom'
- esprits
- Spirits, ghosts, or supernatural beings
- censés
- Supposed or expected to do something
- appeler
- To call or name something or someone
- actuelle
- Current, present, or existing at this time
- tandis
- While or whereas, used for contrast
- que
- Conjunction meaning 'that', 'which', or 'than'
- spirituel
- Relating to the spirit or spiritual matters
- Quel
- Interrogative or relative adjective meaning 'what' or 'whatever'
- soit
- Subjunctive of 'être', meaning 'may be'
- son
- Possessive adjective meaning 'his', 'her', or 'its'
- emplacement
- Location or position of something
- c'
- Elided form of 'ce', meaning 'it' or 'this'
- était
- Imperfect of 'être', meaning 'was' or 'were'
- endroit
- A place or spot, specific location
- très
- Adverb meaning 'very' or 'extremely'
- semblable
- Similar or resembling something else
- au
- Contraction of 'à le', meaning 'to the' or 'at the'
- foyer
- Home, hearth, or domestic setting
- actuel
- Current or present, as it exists now
- ce
- Demonstrative pronoun or adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'
- Le
- Definite masculine article meaning 'the'
- ciel
- Sky or heaven above the earth
- demeure
- A residence or dwelling place
- corps
- Body or a group of celestial bodies
- célestes
- Relating to the sky or heavenly bodies
- trouvait
- Imperfect of 'trouver', meaning 'was found' or 'was located'
- héros
- Hero or heroic figure in a story
- dépeints
- Depicted or portrayed in a narrative
- montant
- Rising or climbing upward
- visiter
- To visit or go to see a place
- royaumes
- Kingdoms or realms, often supernatural
- supérieurs
- Higher, upper, or superior in position
- arbres
- Trees found in nature or forests
- plantes
- Plants or vegetation growing in nature
- animaux
- Animals or living creatures
- étaient
- Imperfect of 'être', meaning 'were'
- plupart
- Most or the greater part of something
- ceux
- Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'those' or 'the ones'
- on
- Indefinite pronoun meaning 'one', 'we', or 'people'
- connaît
- Third person singular of 'connaître', meaning 'knows'
- aujourd'hui
- Adverb meaning 'today' or 'nowadays'
- L'
- Elided definite article 'le' or 'la' before vowel
- océan
- A large body of saltwater, the ocean
- semble
- To seem or appear to be something
- avoir
- To have; infinitive of the auxiliary verb
- été
- Past participle of 'être', meaning 'been'
- bien
- Well, good, or very in an adverbial sense
- connu
- Known or well-known, past participle of 'connaître'
- mentionnés
- Mentioned or referred to in text
- certains
- Certain or some specific ones
- endroits
- Places or locations, plural of 'endroit'
- tels
- Such as or like the following examples
- avec
- Preposition meaning 'with'
- lesquels
- Relative pronoun meaning 'with which' or 'whom'
- ne
- Negative particle used with 'pas' to negate
- pas
- Negation word meaning 'not'
- tout
- All, everything, or completely
- familiers
- Familiar or well-acquainted with something
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