Traditions of the Tinguian: a Study in Philippine Folk-Lore — Page 9

Vocabulary

各

kaku — Each; every; respective.

村落

sonraku — Village; rural settlement or hamlet.

は

wa — Topic-marking particle indicating subject of sentence.

川

kawa — River; stream of flowing water.

や

ya — Particle listing examples; and; or.

水路

suiro — Waterway; canal or channel for water.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle; of.

近く

chikaku — Nearby; in the vicinity of something.

に

ni — Particle indicating location, direction, or time.

位置

ichi — Position; location; to be situated somewhere.

し

shi — Conjunctive form of suru; and; doing.

て

te — Te-form particle connecting sequential actions.

おり

ori — Humble or neutral form of iru; being.

その

sono — That; the (referring to something mentioned).

岸辺

kishibe — Riverbank; shoreline or edge of water.

浅い

asai — Shallow; not deep in depth.

井戸

ido — Well; hole dug to access groundwater.

が

ga — Subject-marking particle; but; however.

掘ら

hora — Dig (stem form); to excavate ground.

れ

re — Passive auxiliary verb suffix; to be done.

いる

iru — To exist; to be (animate beings).

こと

koto — Thing; fact; nominalizer for verb phrases.

わかる

wakaru — To understand; to become clear or known.

そこ

soko — There; that place nearby.

で

de — Particle indicating location of action or means.

女性

josei — Woman; female person.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or living things.

木陰

kokage — Shade of a tree; shadow under trees.

集まり

atsumari — Gathering; assembly of people in one place.

家

ie — House; home; family dwelling.

へ

e — Directional particle indicating movement toward destination.

運ぶ

hakobu — To carry; to transport something to somewhere.

ため

tame — For the purpose of; in order to.

水

mizu — Water; fresh liquid water.

を

wo — Object-marking particle for direct objects.

汲み

kumi — Draw water; scoop up liquid from source.

髪

kami — Hair; hair on one's head.

洗っ

aratte — Wash (te-form); to clean with water.

櫛

kushi — Comb; tool for arranging hair.

とかし

tokashi — Comb through hair; untangle with a comb.

水浴び

mizuabi — Bathing in water; taking a water bath.

頁

peeji / kaji — Page; a numbered leaf in a book.

彼女

kanojo — She; her; girlfriend.

一人

hitori — One person; alone; by oneself.

出かける

dekakeru — To go out; to leave one's home.

ほとんど

hotondo — Almost; mostly; hardly ever.

ない

nai — Negation; does not exist; is not.

敵

teki — Enemy; foe; opponent.

多く

ooku — Many; a large number or amount.

数人

suunin — Several people; a few individuals together.

一緒

issho — Together; at the same time with others.

なけれ

nakere — Conditional negative; if there is not.

ば

ba — Conditional particle; if; when.

襲撃

shuugeki — Attack; raid; sudden assault on someone.

さ

sa — Passive or nominalizing suffix; degree marker.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb suffix.

場合

baai — Case; situation; occasion or circumstance.

警報

keihou — Alarm; warning signal of danger approaching.

広め

hirome — Spread; to disseminate information widely.

助け

tasuke — Help; rescue; assistance in a crisis.

求める

motomeru — To seek; to request; to demand something.

でき

deki — Can do; be able to; be possible.

から

kara — From; because; since (reason particle).

ある

aru — To exist; to be (inanimate things).

泉

izumi — Spring; natural source of flowing water.

村

mura — Village; small rural community settlement.

と

to — Particle meaning and; with; quotation marker.

続く

tsuzuku — To continue; to follow; to extend onward.

道

michi — Road; path; way to travel along.

竹竿

takesao — Bamboo pole; long stick made of bamboo.

立て

tate — Erect; set upright; establish something standing.

られ

rare — Passive/potential auxiliary suffix; to be done.

首

kubi — Neck; head; also means dismissal or decapitation.

晒さ

sarasa — Exposed; displayed publicly; put on show.

戦士

senshi — Warrior; soldier; fighter in combat.

特に

toku ni — Especially; particularly; in a special manner.

目覚ましい

mezamashii — Remarkable; striking; impressive and noteworthy achievement.

戦果

senka — War result; military achievement or combat result.

挙げ

age — Raise; achieve; accomplish a notable result.

これら

korera — These; referring to multiple nearby things.

戦利品

senrihin — War trophy; spoils of battle or plunder.

集落

shuuraku — Settlement; cluster of dwellings forming community.

全体

zentai — Whole; entire; the totality of something.

取り囲む

tori-kakomu — To surround; to encircle something completely.

も

mo — Also; too; even; as well (particle).

町

machi — Town; neighborhood; urban area or district.

周囲

shuui — Surroundings; perimeter; area around something.

防壁

bouheki — Defensive wall; barrier built for protection.

設け

mouke — Establish; provide; set up a structure.

一般的

ippanteki — General; common; typical in most cases.

竹製

takesei — Made of bamboo; bamboo-crafted construction material.

よっ

yotte — By means of; due to; depending on.

巨大

kyodai — Enormous; gigantic; very large in size.

な

na — Adjectival linking particle for na-adjectives.

蛇

hebi — Snake; serpent; a reptile without legs.

だけ

dake — Only; just; limited to that amount.

構成

kousei — Composition; structure; to make up or constitute.

この

kono — This; indicating something close to speaker.

囲い

kakoi — Enclosure; fence; surrounding barrier or wall.

中

naka — Inside; within; the interior of something.

家屋

kaoku — House; residential building; dwelling structure.

床

yuka — Floor; the surface one walks on inside.

地面

jimen — Ground; earth's surface; the floor outside.

高く

takaku — High; elevated; raised up from below.

上げ

age — Raise; lift up; elevate higher.

屋根

yane — Roof; top covering of a building.

草

kusa — Grass; weeds; general term for plants.

葺か

fuka — Thatch; to cover roof with grass or straw.

梯子

hashigo — Ladder; steps for climbing up or down.

小さな

chiisana — Small; little; of minor size.

玄関

genkan — Entryway; front entrance of a home.

ポーチ

poochi — Porch; covered entrance area at front door.

続い

tsuzui — Continue; lead to; follow in sequence.

扉

tobira — Door; gate; entrance panel to room.

開ける

akeru — To open; to unlock a door or lid.

住居

juukyo — Residence; dwelling; place where one lives.

入れる

ireru — To put in; to allow entry into.

少なくとも

sukunakutomo — At least; at minimum; not fewer than.

一部

ichibu — A part; a portion; one section of.

家族

kazoku — Family; one's relatives living together.

使用

shiyou — Use; utilization; to make use of.

する

suru — To do; to perform an action.

部屋

heya — Room; enclosed space within a building.

ほか

hoka — Other; besides; in addition to this.

炊事場

suijiba — Kitchen; cooking area; place for preparing food.

あり

ari — There is; exists; to have (formal).

九番目

kyuu banme — Ninth; the ordinal number nine.

持つ

motsu — To hold; to have; to possess something.

建物

tatemono — Building; structure; constructed architectural dwelling.

つい

tsui — Unintentionally; just now; incidentally; regarding.

何度

nando — How many times; several times repeatedly.

か

ka — Question particle; or; some (indefinite).

言及

genkyuu — Mention; reference; to bring up a topic.