Traditions of the Tinguian: a Study in Philippine Folk-Lore — Page 14

Vocabulary

戦闘

sentō — Combat or battle between opposing forces

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, time, or target

成功

seikō — Success; achieving a desired outcome

し

shi — Conjunctive form of verb suru (to do)

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb marker

一団

ichidan — A group or band of people together

が

ga — Subject marker particle in Japanese grammar

帰還

kikan — Return; coming back especially from combat

する

suru — To do; general-purpose action verb

と

to — Particle meaning and, with, or when

親族

shinzoku — Relatives; family members by blood or marriage

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or animate beings

は

wa — Topic marker particle highlighting sentence subject

町

machi — Town; a local urban or village area

の

no — Possessive or linking particle between nouns

門

mon — Gate; entrance structure to a place

で

de — Particle indicating location of an action

彼ら

karera — They; third-person plural pronoun (male/mixed)

を

wo — Direct object marker particle in Japanese

出迎え

demukae — A welcoming reception; going out to greet

登る

noboru — To climb; to ascend stairs or a hill

よう

yō — Auxiliary expressing suggestion or encouragement

促す

unagasu — To urge or prompt someone to do something

その後

sonogo — After that; subsequently following an event

近隣

kinrin — Neighborhood; nearby surrounding area or people

友人

yūjin — Friend; a person one has friendly relations with

や

ya — Particle listing examples among several things

招待状

shōtaijō — Written invitation letter to an event

送ら

okura — Stem form of send; dispatch to someone

れ

re — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix

勝利

shōri — Victory; triumph in a contest or battle

祝宴

shukuen — Celebratory feast or banquet for an occasion

加わる

kuwawaru — To join; to participate in a group activity

求め

motome — Request or demand for something from someone

られる

rareru — Passive auxiliary; action done to the subject

村

mura — Village; a small rural settlement community

入口

iriguchi — Entrance; the way into a place

到着

tōchaku — Arrival; reaching a destination or place

人々

hitobito — People; a group of multiple individuals

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential actions

酒

sake — Alcohol; rice wine or general alcoholic drink

振る舞い

furumai — Behavior; also treating others to food/drink

音楽

ongaku — Music; organized sound for artistic expression

合わせ

awase — To accompany or match to something else

宴会

enkai — Banquet; a formal or festive drinking party

踊り

odori — Dance; rhythmic movement performed to music

行われる

okonawareru — To be held or carried out as an event

家々

ieie — Houses; each individual house among many

へ

e — Directional particle indicating movement toward

案内

annai — Guidance; leading or directing someone somewhere

最終的

saishūteki — Final; ultimately at the last stage

捕獲

hokaku — Capture; catching a person, animal, or thing

さ

sa — Nominalization suffix or casual sentence ender

首

kubi — Head or neck; also refers to a severed head

刺さ

sasa — Stem of to stab or pierce with a sharp object

泉

izumi — Spring; a natural water source from the ground

そば

soba — Beside; near or close to something or someone

置か

oka — Stem form of to place or set down an object

数

kazu — Number; a count or quantity of things

十分

jūbun — Sufficient; enough in quantity or degree

あれ

are — Conditional form of aru; if there is/are

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning if or when

取り囲む

torikakomu — To surround; to encircle from all sides

配置

haichi — Placement; arrangement or positioning of people

れる

reru — Passive or potential auxiliary verb ending

者

mono — Person; one who performs a certain role

取る

toru — To take; to grab or obtain something

こと

koto — Thing; nominalizer turning verbs into nouns

一般的

ippanteki — General; common or typical in most cases

ない

nai — Negation; does not exist or is not done

ある

aru — To exist; to be present (inanimate things)

場

ba — Place; a location or situational context

訪問者

hōmonsha — Visitor; a person who comes to a place

裏切ら

uragira — Stem of betray; to deceive or turn against

殺さ

korosa — Stem of to kill; taking another's life

事例

jirei — Case example; a specific documented instance

も

mo — Also; even; inclusive particle in Japanese

記さ

shirusa — Stem of to record or write down something

いる

iru — To exist; to be (for animate beings)

毒

doku — Poison; a toxic substance harmful to life

使用

shiyō — Use; employment of a tool or substance

つい

tsui — Just; inadvertently or only a moment ago

二度

nido — Twice; two times an action occurs

言及

genkyū — Mention; reference made to a topic in text

被害者

higaisha — Victim; a person who suffers harm or injury

その

sono — That; demonstrative adjective referring to something

娘

musume — Daughter; a female child of a parent

めぐっ

megut- — Concerning; surrounding or revolving around a topic

踊っ

odot- — Dancing; conjunctive form of to dance

少女

shōjo — Young girl; a female child or adolescent

父親

chichioya — Father; a male parent of a child

提供

teikyō — Provision; offering something to someone else

飲ん

non- — Conjunctive form of to drink a liquid

竹槍

takeyari — Bamboo spear; a sharpened bamboo weapon

鋼鉄製

kōtetsusei — Made of steel; constructed from iron alloy

武器

buki — Weapon; an instrument used for fighting

戦っ

tatakat- — Fighting; conjunctive form of to fight/battle

明確

meikaku — Clear; definite and unambiguous in meaning

おり

ori — Conjunctive form of oru; is or exists (formal)

槍

yari — Spear; a long pole weapon with a point

刃物

hamono — Bladed tool; knives or cutting instruments generally

多い

ōi — Many; numerous in quantity or frequency

結婚

kekkon — Marriage; the formal union of two people

若者

wakamono — Young person; a youth or adolescent individual

提案

teian — Proposal; a suggestion put forward for consideration

受け

uke — Stem of receive; to accept something offered

母親

hahaoya — Mother; a female parent of a child

よっ

yot- — Conjunctive form of yoru; by means of/through

交渉

kōshō — Negotiation; discussion to reach an agreement

時

toki — Time; a point or period when something occurs

両親

ryōshin — Both parents; father and mother together

とも

tomo — Both; together with or including all mentioned

家

ie — House; a home or family dwelling place

訪れ

otozure — To visit; to come to a person's place

多く

ōku — Many; a large number or great quantity

前置き

maeoki — Preamble; prefatory remarks before the main point

経

he — To pass through or elapse (time or process)

後

nochi — After; later in time following an event

訪問

hōmon — Visit; the act of going to see someone

目的

mokuteki — Purpose; the goal or aim of an action

切り出す

kiridasu — To broach a subject; to bring up a topic