Traditions of the Tinguian: a Study in Philippine Folk-Lore — Page 13

Vocabulary

ある

aru — To exist; there is/are (inanimate objects)

話

hanashi — Story, talk, or conversation

で

de — Particle indicating location, means, or context

は

wa — Topic-marking particle in Japanese sentences

田んぼ

tanbo — Rice paddy field used for cultivation

を

wo — Object-marking particle indicating direct object

一人

hitori — One person; alone by oneself

守る

mamoru — To protect, guard, or defend something

よう

you — Appears; seems; in order to (auxiliary)

残さ

nokosa — Stem of 'to leave behind' or 'to remain'

れ

re — Passive/potential auxiliary verb suffix

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb particle

少女

shoujo — Young girl; female child or adolescent

が

ga — Subject-marking particle in Japanese grammar

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or agent

よっ

yot(te) — By means of; due to (contraction of によって)

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting verb phrases

すぐ

sugu — Immediately; right away; soon after

殺さ

korosa — Stem form of 'to kill' someone

れる

reru — Passive voice auxiliary verb suffix

と

to — Particle meaning 'that'; quotation marker

伝え

tsutae — To convey, report, or pass on information

おり

ori — Humble form of 'to be'; indicating ongoing state

別

betsu — Separate; different; another distinct thing

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle

刺青

irezumi — Tattoo; traditional Japanese body tattooing

し

shi — Conjunctive verb form; 'and also' connector

すべて

subete — All; everything; entirely without exception

敵

teki — Enemy; opponent; adversary in conflict

述べ

nobe — To state, mention, or express verbally

いる

iru — To exist; to be (animate beings)

ページ

peeji — Page (of a book or document)

親族

shinzoku — Relatives; kinship group; family members

や

ya — And; listing particle among multiple items

町

machi — Town; city district; neighborhood area

人々

hitobito — People; various individuals in a group

失っ

ushinat(te) — Having lost something or someone precious

こと

koto — Thing; fact; matter (nominalizer)

へ

e — Directional particle meaning 'toward' or 'to'

復讐

fukushuu — Revenge; retaliation against someone who wronged you

敵対

tekitai — Hostility; antagonism; opposition toward an enemy

的

teki — Suffix meaning '-like', '-ish', or '-related'

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns

襲撃

shuugeki — Attack; raid; sudden assault on someone

強力

kyouryoku — Powerful; strong; mighty force or ability

原因

genin — Cause; reason; root of a problem

あり

ari — There is/are; exists (classical verb form)

古い

furui — Old; aged; ancient; not new

確執

kakushitsu — Feud; longstanding conflict or deep-seated dispute

挑発

chouhatsu — Provocation; inciting or goading another person

再燃

sainen — Reignition; flare-up of a past conflict

する

suru — To do; to perform an action

も

mo — Also; too; even (inclusive particle)

主

omo / nushi — Main; primary; chief among several things

動機

douki — Motive; incentive; reason behind an action

名声

meisei — Fame; reputation; renown among others

欲求

yokkyuu — Desire; craving; strong inner want

すなわち

sunawachi — That is; namely; in other words

戦い

tatakai — Battle; fight; struggle or conflict

行く

iku — To go; to move toward a destination

男

otoko — Man; male person

知ら

shira — Stem of 'to know'; be known or recognized

たい

tai — Want to do (auxiliary expressing desire)

いう

iu — To say; to be called; to express

願望

ganmou — Wish; desire; strong aspiration for something

思わ

omowa — Stem of 'to think' or 'to feel'

戦士

senshi — Warrior; fighter; soldier in battle

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or animate beings

集団

shuudan — Group; collective; organized body of people

あれ

are — Conditional or demonstrative; 'if there is'

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'when'

単独

tandoku — Alone; solo; independent without others' help

一般

ippan — General; common; ordinary; typical case

二人組

futarigumi — Pair; duo; group of two people

時

toki — Time; moment; occasion when something happens

待ち伏せ

machibuse — Ambush; lying in wait to attack

水

mizu — Water; fresh liquid essential for life

汲み

kumi — Drawing or fetching water from a source

若い

wakai — Young; youthful in age or appearance

娘

musume — Daughter; young woman; girl

隠れ場所

kakuregasho — Hiding place; concealed spot for cover

通り過ぎる

toorisugiru — To pass by; to go past a location

老人

roujin — Elderly person; old man or woman

女性

josei — Woman; female person; adult female

殺す

korosu — To kill; to take someone's life

また

mata — Also; again; furthermore; additionally

盾

tate — Shield; defensive armor carried in battle

槍

yari — Spear; long pointed weapon for combat

武装

busou — Armed; equipped with weapons for combat

大胆

daitan — Bold; daring; audacious without hesitation

出かけ

dekake — Setting out; leaving home to go somewhere

行進

koushin — March; parade; advancing in formation

ながら

nagara — While doing; simultaneously performing two actions

自分

jibun — Oneself; one's own self or identity

存在

sonzai — Existence; presence; being somewhere or something

知らせる

shiraseru — To inform; to notify; to make known

五つ

itsutsu — Five (things); the number five (native counting)

おい

oi — Hey!; interjection calling attention to someone

英雄

eiyuu — Hero; brave champion renowned for great deeds

相手

aite — Partner; opponent; the other party involved

最初

saisho — First; the very beginning of something

武器

buki — Weapon; tool or device used for fighting

使う

tsukau — To use; to make use of something

拒む

kobamu — To refuse; to reject; to decline firmly

彼ら

karera — They; them; a group of people (plural)

傷つけよう

kizutsukeyou — Volitional form of 'to wound or hurt someone'

失敗

shippai — Failure; mistake; unsuccessful attempt at something

のみ

nomi — Only; just; nothing but (limiting particle)

加わる

kuwawaru — To join; to be added to a group

その

sono — That (near listener); demonstrative adjective

場合

baai — Case; situation; circumstance under consideration

全体

zentai — Whole; entire; totality of something

壊滅

kaimetsu — Annihilation; total destruction of a group

さ

sa — Suffix nominalizing adjectives; also casual filler

せ

se — Causative verb stem; making someone do something

られ

rare — Passive/potential auxiliary verb suffix form

多数

tasuu — Large number; many; majority of things

多量

taryou — Large quantity; abundance of something

壺

tsubo — Pot; jar; ceramic vessel for storage

および

oyobi — And; as well as; in addition to

その他

sonota — Other; the rest; miscellaneous remaining items

戦利品

senrihin — War spoils; loot; plunder taken in battle

勝者

shousha — Winner; victor; one who wins a contest

送り返さ

okurikaesa — Stem of 'to send back; to return something'

事例

jirei — Case; example; instance of a phenomenon

いくつか

ikutsuka — Some; several; a few of something

貴重

kichou — Precious; valuable; highly prized item or resource

支払い

shiharai — Payment; paying money owed for something

平和

heiwa — Peace; harmony; state of no conflict

回復

kaifuku — Recovery; restoration to a former good state