Traditions of the Tinguian: a Study in Philippine Folk-Lore — Page 1

Vocabulary

တို့၏

toh ei — our; belonging to us (possessive pronoun)

ဓလေ့ထုံးတမ်း

da-leh htone-tan — customs and traditions of a people

များ

mya — plural marker; many; a lot

ဖိလစ်ပိုင်

Phi-lit-pine — the Philippines, an archipelago nation in Southeast Asia

လူမှုဓလေ့ပညာ

lu-hmu da-leh pyin-nya — social anthropology; study of human societies and cultures

ဆိုင်ရာ

hsine-ya — related to; concerning; pertaining to something

လေ့လာမှု

leh-la-hmu — study; research; investigation of a subject

တစ်ရပ်

tit-yat — one; a single instance or work

ရေးသား

yay-tha — to write; to compose a written work

သည်

thì — present tense marker; topic marker particle

မလေး

Ma-lay — Malay; relating to Malay people or language

လူမျိုးဗေဒ

lu-myoe-be-da — ethnology; scientific study of human ethnicities

ဌာန

hta-na — department; bureau; official organization

ဒုတိယ

du-ti-ya — second; the ordinal number two

အကြောင်းအရာ

a-kyaung-a-ya — subject matter; content; topic of discussion

နိဒါန်းစကား

ni-dan-za-ga — prefatory words; foreword or introductory remarks

မိတ်ဆက်စာ

meit-hset-sa — introduction letter; written preface or foreword

ဒဏ္ဍာရီ

dan-da-yi — legend; myth; traditional oral story

ကာလ

ka-la — period; era; span of time

ဝတ္ထု

wut-thu — story; narrative; fiction or prose work

ယဉ်ကျေးမှု

yin-kye-hmu — culture; civilization; refined way of life

ဓလေ့

da-leh — custom; habit; traditional practice

နှင့်

hnin — and; with; together with (conjunction)

ရှင်းလင်း

shin-lin — to clarify; to explain clearly and plainly

ဖော်ပြ

phaw-pya — to describe; to indicate; to present information

သည့်

thì — relative clause marker; which; that (attributive)

နိဒါန်း

ni-dan — introduction; preface; opening section of a work

အကျဉ်းချုပ်

a-kyin-choke — summary; abstract; brief overview of content

အောက်ပါ

owt-pa — the following; as listed below

များကို

mya-go — plural object marker; to the many (accusative)

စာရေးသူ

sa-yay-thu — author; writer; person who writes books

ခုနှစ်

khu-hnit — year (calendar year); annual period

တွင်

twìn — in; at; within (locative particle)

နိုင်ငံ

nine-ngan — country; nation; state

ကျွန်း

kyun — island; land surrounded by water

အနောက်

a-nowt — west; western direction

မြောက်ပိုင်း

myowt-pine — northern part; the north region

ရှိ

shi — to exist; to be present; to have

ဘာသာမဲ့

ba-tha-meh — without religion; non-religious; pagan

တိုင်းရင်းသား

tine-yin-tha — indigenous; native ethnic people of a land

လူမျိုးစု

lu-myoe-su — ethnic group; tribe; racial community

တို့နှင့်

toh-hnin — with them; together with those people

အတူ

a-tu — together; jointly; in the same place

ဆယ်ခြောက်လ

hseh-chowt-la — sixteen months; a period of sixteen months

ကြာ

kya — to last; duration; to take a period of time

နေထိုင်ပြီး

nay-tine-pyi — having lived; having resided somewhere

စုဆောင်းခဲ့

su-hsaung-kheh — had collected; gathered data or materials previously

သည်။

thì — sentence-ending particle marking declarative statement

စုဆောင်း

su-hsaung — to collect; to gather; to accumulate materials

ရရှိ

ya-shi — to obtain; to receive; to acquire something

သော

thaw — relative clause particle; which; that (modifier)

အချက်အလက်

a-chet-a-let — information; data; facts and details

အများ

a-mya — many; the majority; a large number

အားဖြင့်

a-hpyin — by means of; through; in terms of

စာဖြင့်

sa-hpyin — in writing; by written means

မှတ်တမ်း

hmut-tan — record; documentation; written account

တင်

tin — to present; to submit; to record officially

ထားပြီး

hta-pyi — having already kept or placed; done previously

တစ်စိတ်

tit-seit — one part; a portion; a section of something

တစ်ပိုင်းကို

tit-pine-go — to one portion; to one part (accusative)

ပေါ်တွင်

paw-twìn — on; upon; on top of something

ဘာသာ

ba-tha — language; religion; faith or tongue

ပြန်ဆို

pyan-hsoe — to translate; to render into another language

ခဲ့သည်။

kheh-thì — past tense marker; did; has done (completed action)

ကျန်

kyan — remaining; leftover; the rest of something

အပိုင်း

a-pine — part; section; portion of a whole

အမေရိက

A-me-yi-ka — America; the United States of America

သို့

thoe — to; toward; in the direction of

အကြာင်း

a-kyaung — about; concerning; reason or cause

တစ်ခု

tit-khu — one; a single item or thing

ဖြင့်

hpyin — with; by; using (instrumental particle)

သွားရောက်

thwa-yowt — to go and visit; to travel to a place

စဉ်

zin — during; while; in the course of

ပြန်လည်

pyan-lè — again; back; returning to a previous state

သုံးသပ်

thone-thut — to analyze; to review; to evaluate critically

ဆောင်ရွက်

hsaung-ywet — to carry out; to perform; to undertake a task

ဤ

i — this (formal); referring to the present matter

လုပ်ငန်းစဉ်

lote-ngan-zin — process; procedure; course of work

ကျွန်ုပ်

kya-nope — I; me (formal first-person pronoun)

လိုက်ပါ

lite-pa — to follow; to accompany; to go along with

လာသော

la-thaw — which came; that arrived; coming (relative)

အစစ်အမှန်

a-sit-a-hmun — genuine; authentic; true and accurate

က

ka — subject marker particle; agent marker

ကူညီ

ku-nyi — to help; to assist; to aid someone

အားလုံး

a-lone — all; everyone; everything; in total

အခြေအနေ

a-chay-a-nay — situation; condition; circumstances or state of affairs

များတွင်

mya-twìn — among many; in various situations (locative plural)

စာလုံး

sa-lone — word; letter; written character

အတိုင်းအတာ

a-tine-a-ta — extent; degree; measure or level of something

ဘာသာပြန်ဆို

ba-tha-pyan-hsoe — to translate; to interpret between languages

ခြင်း

chin — nominalizer suffix; the act of doing something

မဟုတ်

ma-hote — not; is not; negation particle

သော်လည်း

thaw-leh — however; although; nevertheless (concessive conjunction)

သပ်ရပ်

thut-yut — neat; tidy; well-organized and polished

မှန်ကန်

hmun-kan — correct; accurate; right and proper

ဘာသာပြန်ဆိုချက်

ba-tha-pyan-hsoe-chet — translation; a rendered version in another language

ပေးဆောင်

pay-hsaung — to provide; to render; to deliver something

ရမည့်

ya-mì — must obtain; should get; obligatory future particle

အစား

a-za — instead of; in place of; as a substitute

ဇာတ်လမ်း

zat-lan — story; tale; narrative or plot of events

ပြောသူ

pyaw-thu — speaker; narrator; person who tells a story

များ၏

mya-ei — of many; belonging to several (plural possessive)

ဘာသာစကား

ba-tha-za-ga — language; spoken tongue; means of communication

ကို

go — accusative particle; to; object marker

နီးစပ်

ni-zut — close; near; approximating something closely

နည်း

ni — method; way; manner of doing something

လိုက်နာ

lite-na — to follow; to comply with; to adhere to

ရန်

yan — in order to; for the purpose of (infinitive)

ကြိုးပမ်း

kyo-pan — to strive; to make effort; to try hard

အားထုတ်

a-htote — to exert effort; to put in energy or force

အချို့

a-choe — some; a few; certain ones among many

ကိစ္စ

keit-sa — matter; affair; issue or concern

ကြားသည့်

kya-thì — which is heard; that one hears (relative clause)

အချိန်တွင်

a-chein-twìn — at the time of; during a particular moment

တင်ရန်

tin-yan — in order to record; to present or submit

မဖြစ်နိုင်

ma-hpyit-nine — impossible; cannot happen; not feasible

သဖြင့်

tha-hpyin — therefore; thus; as a result of that

အဓိက

a-di-ka — main; primary; most important

များသာ

mya-tha — only many; predominantly; mostly the plural items

မှတ်သား

hmut-tha — to note; to memorize; to take note of

ခဲ့ပြီး

kheh-pyi — having already done; completed and moved on

ထို

htoe — that; those; referring to something mentioned before

အချက်

a-chet — point; fact; key detail or element

ကြောင့်

kyaung — because of; due to; owing to a reason

အသေးစိတ်

a-thway-zeit — detail; in detail; specific and thorough information

နည်းပါး

ni-pa — few; scarce; small in number or amount

နေသည်ကို

nay-thì-go — that it exists; the fact of being (object clause)

တွေ့ရ

tweh-ya — to find; to encounter; to discover something

မည်

mì — future tense marker; will; shall (auxiliary)

ဖြစ်သည်။

hpyit-thì — is; it is the case; declarative copula verb

လူမျိုး

lu-myoe — ethnic group; race; nationality or people

လူဦးရေ

lu-oo-yay — population; number of people in a place

နှစ်သောင်း

hnit-thaung — twenty thousand; the number 20,000

ခန့်

khan — approximately; about; roughly (estimative particle)

ရှိပြီး

shi-pyi — there are; existing and furthermore (conjunctive)

အများစု

a-mya-su — majority; most of; the greater part

ခရိုင်ငယ်

khayine-ngeh — small district; minor administrative subdivision

တောင်တန်း

taung-tan — mountain range; highland area; hilly terrain

သူတို့၏

thu-toh-ei — their; belonging to them (third person plural possessive)

ရုပ်ပစ္စည်း

yote-pyit-si — material objects; physical possessions or artifacts

ယုံကြည်ချက်

yone-kyi-chet — belief; conviction; religious or personal faith

ခမ်းနား

khan-na — grand; magnificent; splendid and elaborate

ပွဲလမ်းသဘင်

pweh-lan-tha-bin — ceremonies and festivities; ritual celebrations and events

တစ်သား

tit-tha — uniform; consistent; harmonious as one

တည်း

tì — only; just; solely (exclusive particle)

ဖြစ်ပြီး

hpyit-pyi — having become; being so; and therefore (conjunctive)

အလွန်

a-lun — very; extremely; excessively; to a great degree

ရှုပ်ထွေး

shote-tway — complex; complicated; intricate and confusing