Traditions of the Tinguian: a Study in Philippine Folk-Lore — Page 2

Vocabulary

ဤ

i — This; a formal demonstrative pronoun in written Burmese.

လူမျိုး

lu myoe — Ethnic group, race, or nationality of people.

တို့

to — We/us; plural marker or first-person plural pronoun.

နှင့်

hnin — And; with; a conjunction connecting words or phrases.

ပတ်သက်

pat thate — To be related to; to concern or involve something.

သော

thaw — That; a relative clause particle in written Burmese.

လေ့လာ

leh la — To study, learn, or investigate a subject.

မှု

hmu — Nominalizing suffix indicating an action or affair.

တစ်ခု

tit khu — One; a single item or unit of something.

ကို

ko — Object marker particle; indicates the direct object.

မကြာမီ

ma kja mi — Soon; before long; in the near future.

ကာလ

ka la — Period of time; era or duration.

အတွင်း

a twinn — Within; inside; during a period of time.

ထုတ်ဝေ

htoat we — To publish or distribute printed material.

ရန်

yan — In order to; for the purpose of doing something.

ကျွန်ုပ်

kyano — I; formal first-person singular pronoun in writing.

ရည်ရွယ်

yay ywet — To intend; to aim at a goal or purpose.

ထား

hta — To place or keep; to have done something already.

သည်

thi — Present tense marker; topic or subject particle.

သို့သော်

thoe thaw — However; but; a formal contrastive conjunction.

လူနေမှု

lu nay hmu — Way of living; lifestyle or human habitation.

ဘဝ

ba wa — Life; existence; one's personal circumstances or being.

မရင်းနှီး

ma yin hni — Unfamiliar; not acquainted with or intimate with something.

စာဖတ်သူ

sa phate thu — Reader; a person who reads written material.

များ

mya — Plural marker; many or multiple in number.

အတွက်

a twet — For; for the sake of; on behalf of.

ဒဏ္ဍာရီ

dan da yi — Legend; myth or traditional story passed down generations.

ထဲ

hteh — Inside; into; within a space or group.

ရှိ

shi — To exist; to be present or located somewhere.

ကိုးကားချက်

ko ka chet — Reference; citation or quoted source in writing.

များစွာ

mya zwa — Many; a large number or great amount of.

နားလည်

na leh — To understand; to comprehend meaning or information.

လုံးဝ

lone wa — Completely; entirely; absolutely without exception.

မဖြစ်နိုင်

ma phyit naing — Impossible; not able to happen or be done.

ကြောင်း

kyaung — That; a nominalizing or reported speech particle.

သဘောပေါက်

tha baw pout — To grasp meaning; to realize or comprehend something.

ကြောင့်

kyaung — Because of; due to; on account of a reason.

အချို့

a choe — Some; certain; a few of a larger group.

ရှုပ်ထွေး

shote tweh — Complicated; complex; confusing or difficult to understand.

သည့်

thi — Relative clause marker modifying a preceding noun.

စာပိုဒ်

sa pote — Paragraph; a distinct section of written text.

၏

e — Possessive particle meaning 'of' in formal writing.

အဓိပ္ပာယ်

a di peh — Meaning; definition; significance of a word or concept.

၎င်း

de — It; he/she; a formal third-person pronoun in writing.

နိုင်

naing — Can; to be able to do something successfully.

စေရန်

say yan — In order to cause; to make someone do something.

မှတ်စု

hmat su — Note; written notation or memorandum for reference.

ထည့်သွင်း

hteh thwinn — To include; to insert or incorporate into something.

ပါ

pa — Polite sentence particle; also means 'also' or 'too'.

နိဒါန်း

ni dan — Introduction; preface or opening section of a text.

တွင်

twinn — In; at; within a place or context.

ပေါ်လာ

paw la — To appear; to emerge or come into existence.

အတိုင်း

a tine — According to; as; in the same way as.

ထို

hto — That; those; a demonstrative pronoun referring to something.

ယဉ်ကျေးမှု

yin kyay hmu — Culture; civilization or cultural practices of a society.

စုစည်း

su si — To compile; to gather or organize into a collection.

ဖော်ပြ

phaw pya — To describe; to explain or present information clearly.

ယနေ့

ya nay — Today; the present day or current time.

ခေတ်

khet — Era; period; modern times or a historical age.

အခြေအနေ

a chay a nay — Situation; condition or state of affairs.

ယုံကြည်ချက်

yone kyi chet — Belief; conviction or firmly held personal opinion.

နှိုင်းယှဉ်

hnine shin — To compare; to examine similarities and differences between things.

ကြိုးပမ်းချက်

kyo pann chet — Effort; attempt or endeavor to achieve something.

ပြုလုပ်

pyu loat — To do; to perform or carry out an action.

နည်း

nee — Method; way or means of doing something.

ဖြင့်

phyin — By means of; with; using a particular method.

စိတ်ပိုင်းဆိုင်ရာ

seit pine syne ya — Psychological; relating to the mind or mental aspects.

ပိုမို

po mo — More; increasingly; to a greater degree or extent.

ရှင်းလင်းစွာ

shinn lin zwa — Clearly; in a clear and understandable manner.

တိုက်ရိုက်

tite yite — Directly; straight; without intermediary or detour.

လေ့လာမှု

leh la hmu — Study; the act of learning or investigation.

သို့မဟုတ်

thoe ma hote — Or; otherwise; presenting an alternative option.

မေးမြန်းမှု

may myan hmu — Inquiry; the act of asking questions or interviewing.

ထက်

htet — Than; more than; a comparative particle.

လှုပ်ရှားမှု

hloat sha hmu — Movement; activity or social movement or campaign.

အပေါ်

a paw — On; above; regarding or concerning a topic.

ချိတ်ဆက်

cheit set — To connect; to link or establish a relationship.

တန်ဖိုး

tan pho — Value; worth or importance of something.

ပတ်သက်၍

pat thate yway — Regarding; concerning; with respect to a matter.

ကောင်းမွန်

kaung mun — Good; excellent; of high quality or virtue.

အသိပညာ

a thi pyin nya — Knowledge; wisdom or learned understanding of a subject.

ရရှိ

ya shi — To obtain; to receive or acquire something.

မျှော်လင့်

myaw lin — To hope; to expect or look forward to something.

ဖွံ့ဖြိုး

phwan phyo — To develop; to grow or flourish progressively.

တိုးတက်

to tet — To progress; to improve or advance in development.

ခဲ့

kheh — Past tense marker indicating a completed past action.

ကြိုတင်

kyo tin — In advance; beforehand; prior preparation for something.

ဥရောပသား

u yaw pa tha — European person; someone from the European continent.

ရောက်ရှိ

yout shi — To arrive at; to reach a destination or place.

လာ

la — To come; directional verb indicating movement toward speaker.

မီ

mi — Before; in time to; prior to a moment.

တစ်ချက်

tit chet — Once; one glance or one time briefly.

မျှ

hmya — Only; just; as much as; an equalizing particle.

ကြည့်ရှု

kji shu — To look at; to view or observe something carefully.

ပေး

pay — To give; to provide or offer something to someone.

လည်း

leh — Also; too; as well; an additive particle.

ဖြစ်နိုင်

phyit naing — Possible; able to happen or be the case.

အမှန်တကယ်

a hmun ta keh — Really; truly; in actual fact or reality.

သမိုင်း

tha mine — History; the recorded past of events or people.

ပြန်လည်

pyan leh — Again; to return or redo something once more.

တည်ဆောက်

ti sauk — To construct; to build or establish something new.

နေရာ

nay ya — Place; location or position where something exists.

ကြိုးပမ်းမှု

kyo pann hmu — Effort; the act of trying or striving toward something.

မပြုလုပ်

ma pyu loat — Not to do; refraining from performing an action.

အစ

a si — Beginning; start or origin of something.

က

ga — Subject or agent marker particle in Burmese grammar.

တည်းက

teh ga — Since; from the time of; starting from a point.

သတိပြု

tha ti pyu — To notice; to be aware or take note carefully.

သင့်

thin — Should; ought to; expressing appropriateness or obligation.

နောက်ပိုင်း

nauk pine — Later; afterward; the subsequent period following an event.

မည့်

mi — Future tense marker indicating something will happen.

အချက်အလက်

a chet a let — Information; facts or data about a particular subject.

တစ်စိတ်

tit seit — Part; a portion or section of a whole.

တစ်ပိုင်း

tit pine — One part; a portion or segment of something larger.

သက်တမ်း

thet tan — Lifespan; duration or term of existence or service.

ကြာရှည်

kja shay — Long duration; lasting or continuing for a long time.

မှာ

hma — At; in; a locative particle indicating place or time.

ထင်ရှား

htin sha — Famous; prominent; clearly evident or well-known.

ခန့်မှန်း

khann hminn — To estimate; to approximate or make a rough calculation.

ရက်စွဲ

yet sweh — Date; a specific calendar date or timestamp.

သတ်မှတ်

thet hmat — To determine; to define or officially designate something.

မိတ်ဆက်

mite set — To introduce; to present someone or something formally.

အရေးပါ

a yay pa — Important; significant or of great consequence.

ယူ

yu — To take; to carry or adopt something.

အတူ

a tu — Together; jointly; in the company of others.

ဇာတ်ကြောင်း

zat kyaung — Story; narrative or background account of events.

ဆက်တိုက်

set tite — Consecutively; continuously; one after another without pause.

ဇာတ်ပြောသူ

zat pyaw thu — Narrator; storyteller; person who tells a story.

ဖန်တီးမှု

phan ti hmu — Creation; creative act or work of imagination.

ဆန်

san — To run counter to; to oppose or go against.

စိတ်ကူး

seit ku — Idea; imagination or a thought conceived mentally.

အကျိုးခံစား

a kyo khann sa — To benefit from; to experience the results of something.

နေရ

nay ya — Must stay or continue in a state or situation.

သံသယ

than tha ya — Doubt; suspicion or uncertainty about something.

မရှိ

ma shi — There is not; does not exist; absence of something.

ပေ

pay — Emphatic sentence-final particle emphasizing a statement.

အနီးအနား

a ni a na — Nearby; in the vicinity or surrounding area.

မျိုးနွယ်စု

myoe nweh su — Clan; lineage group or extended kinship community.

လူထု

lu htu — Public; the masses; general population or community.

ခြင်း

chin — Nominalizer suffix forming abstract nouns from verbs.

အလွန်

a lun — Very; extremely; to an excessive or great degree.

ကြီး

kji — Big; large; great in size or importance.

မည်

mi — Future marker; will; indicating future intention or action.

ဖြစ်

phyit — To be; to become; to occur or take place.

သော်လည်း

thaw leh — Even though; nevertheless; despite a preceding fact.

ကံမကောင်း

khan ma kaung — Unfortunately; bad luck; unfavorable circumstances.

စွာ

zwa — Adverbial suffix meaning 'in a manner' or 'fully'.

ပင်

pin — Even; indeed; an emphatic or intensifying particle.

သို့

thoe — To; toward; in the direction of a destination.

အသုံးပြု

a thone pyu — To use; to make use of something for a purpose.

နည်းပါး

ni pa — Few; scarce; small in number or amount.