Traditions of the Tinguian: a Study in Philippine Folk-Lore — Page 3

Vocabulary

အခြေအနေများ

a-chay-a-nay-mya — situations, conditions, or circumstances in general

အရ

a-ya — according to; based on something

ထို

htoe — that; referring to something previously mentioned

ကြိုးပမ်းမှု

kyo-pan-hmu — effort, attempt, or endeavor toward a goal

ကို

ko — object marker particle; to, toward

နောက်

nauk — after; behind; next

ဆိုင်း

hsine — to postpone, delay, or suspend something

ငံ့

ngan — to pause, hold back, or hesitate briefly

ထား

hta — to place, keep, or put aside

ပြီး

pyi — after completing; finished; already done

အခြား

a-cha — other; another; different

နယ်ပယ်

nay-pay — field, domain, or area of activity

များ

mya — plural marker; many; more

နှင့်

hnin — and; with; together with

သိသာ

thi-tha — noticeable, obvious, or clearly evident

ထင်ရှား

htin-sha — prominent, well-known, or conspicuous

သော

thaw — relative clause marker; which, that, who

တူညီ

tu-nyi — same, identical, or equal to each other

မှု

hmu — abstract noun suffix; action or matter

မှတ်စု

hmat-su — note, memo, or written record

တွင်

twain — in, at, within a place or context

သတိ

tha-ti — mindfulness, awareness, or careful attention

ပြု

pyu — to do, make, or perform an action

မိ

mi — verb complement indicating accidental or resultant action

စေ

say — causative particle; to cause or make someone

ရန်

yan — purpose marker; in order to; for the sake

ပို

po — more; increasingly; to a greater degree

ကောင်း

kaung — good, fine, or well

သည်

thi — present tense verb marker; topic marker

ဟု

hu — quotation marker; said that, called

ထင်

htin — to think, believe, or suppose

မြင်

myin — to see, perceive, or view

အဓိက

a-di-ka — main, primary, or most important

အားဖြင့်

a-hpyin — by means of; in terms of; through

ဤ

i — this; formal or literary form of 'this'

ဒဏ္ဍာရီ

dan-da-yi — legend, myth, or traditional folk story

ယနေ့

ya-nay — today; the present day

ခေတ်

khit — era, age, or modern period

ဘာသာ

ba-tha — language; religion; subject of study

ရေး

yay — to write; matters relating to something

ယုံကြည်

youn-kyi — to believe, trust, or have faith in

ချက်

chit — point, aspect; instantly; a stroke or blow

အလွန်

a-lwan — very, extremely, or excessively

နီးကပ်

ni-kut — close, nearby, or in proximity

စွာ

swa — adverbial suffix meaning in a manner of

ဆက်နွှယ်

hsit-nway — to relate, connect, or be associated with

နေ

nay — to live, stay, or be in a state

ကြောင့်

kyaung — because of; due to; for that reason

၎င်း

da-gin — he, she, it, they; formal third-person pronoun

တို့

doe — plural pronoun suffix; we, they, you all

၏

e — possessive or genitive particle; of, belonging to

ယခု

ya-khu — now, currently, at this moment

ပုံသဏ္ဍာန်

poun-than-dan — shape, form, or physical appearance

နီးစပ်

ni-sut — close, similar, or approximately related

သည့်

thi — relative clause marker modifying a noun

မည်

mi — future tense marker; will, shall

ပုံစံ

poun-san — pattern, format, style, or template

ဖြင့်

hpyin — by means of; with; using something

မဆို

ma-hsoe — whatever, whoever, whichever; any at all

တိုင်းရင်းသား

tine-yin-tha — indigenous ethnic nationality of Myanmar

အုပ်

owt — to govern, rule, or cover; a cover

စီး

si — to ride; flow of water; individual item

ဒေသ

day-tha — region, locality, or geographic area

ပြင်ပ

pyin-ba — outside, external, or beyond a boundary

တွေ့ရ

twey-ya — to find, encounter, or come across

ဖွယ်

hpway — likely to; worthy of; suffix of possibility

မရှိ

ma-shi — does not exist; there is none; absent

ပေ

pay — sentence final particle expressing certainty or emphasis

သို့

thoe — to, toward; going in a direction

သော်

thaw — although, even though; concessive conjunction

လည်း

le — also, too, as well; additionally

အိမ်နီးချင်း

ein-ni-jin — neighbor; one living nearby

လူမျိုး

lu-myo — ethnic group, race, or nationality

သို့မဟုတ်

thoe-ma-hout — or; otherwise; alternatively

အဝေး

a-way — far away, distant, or remote

ဖြစ်ရပ်

hpyit-yut — event, occurrence, or incident

သက်ဆိုင်

thit-hsine — to be relevant, related, or concerned with

တစ်ခု

tit-khu — one thing; a single unit or item

တည်း

ti — only, alone; limiting particle

အကြိမ်

a-kyein — number of times; occurrence or instance

ကြိမ်

kyein — time, instance, or occasion of repetition

ဖြစ်

hpyit — to be, become, or happen

ပေါ်

paw — on top of; to appear or emerge

လေ့လာ

lay-la — to study, learn, or investigate something

တွေ့ရှိ

twey-shi — to discover, find, or observe something

မှ

hma — from; ablative case particle; source marker

အဖွဲ့

a-hpway — group, team, or organization

အစည်း

a-si — organization, association, or gathering

ဓလေ့

da-lay — custom, tradition, or habitual practice

ထုံးတမ်း

htone-dan — tradition, customary practice, or established convention

ထက်

hit — more than; comparative particle; above

မို

mo — sky; particle in compounds related to height

မြင့်မား

myin-ma — high, tall, or lofty in stature

ဖွံ့ဖြိုး

hpwan-hpyo — to develop, grow, or flourish

တိုးတက်

toe-tit — to progress, advance, or improve

ရောက်ရှိ

yout-shi — to reach, arrive at, or be present

ကျွန်ုပ်

kya-nout — I, me; formal first-person singular pronoun

အတွင်း

a-twin — inside, within, or during a period

ပိုင်း

pine — part, section, or division of something

တောင်

taung — mountain; south; even; also used as 'even if'

ဘက်

bit — side, direction, or toward something

ထိုး

htoe — to stab, pierce, inject, or pound

ဖောက်

hpout — to break through, pierce, or violate

သွား

thwa — to go; teeth; directional complement away

အမျှ

a-hma — as much as; equally; in proportion

ရှုပ်ထွေး

shout-tway — complicated, complex, or confusing

လျော့

lyaw — to decrease, reduce, or lessen

နည်း

ni — method, way; to be few or little

လာ

la — to come; directional complement toward speaker

မှန်ကန်

hman-kan — correct, accurate, or proper

ပါ

pa — polite particle; also, too; included

က

ka — subject marker particle; from; agent marker

အခြေ

a-chay — base, foundation, or basis of something

ခံ

khan — to receive, endure, or undergo something

၍

yway — therefore, so; connective conjunction in formal writing

အဘယ်

a-beh — what, why; formal or literary interrogative

ထွက်

htwit — to go out, exit, or leave

ခွာ

khwa — to separate, depart, or detach from

အလား

a-la — like, similar to, resembling something else

တူ

tu — same, alike, or resembling; equal

အား

a — indirect object marker; to, for someone

ရ

ya — to get, obtain, or be able to

နေရာ

nay-ya — place, location, or position

ဒေါက်တာ

dout-ta — doctor; title for medical or PhD holder

ကျေးဇူး

kyay-zu — gratitude, kindness, or thank you

တင်

tin — to present, submit, or offer; to put up

ကြောင်း

kyaung — that; subordinate clause linker; reason

ဝန်ခံ

wan-khan — to acknowledge, admit, or confess something

လို

lo — to want, need, or like; similar to

စိတ်ဝင်တစား

seit-win-da-za — with great interest; keenly attentive or absorbed

အကြံ

a-kyan — idea, suggestion, advice, or plan

ထုတ်ဝေ

htwit-way — to publish, distribute, or release material

ပစ္စည်း

pyit-si — thing, object, item, or material

ပြင်ဆင်

pyin-sin — to prepare, arrange, or repair something

ရာ

ya — nominalizing suffix; place; hundred; regarding

တန်ဖိုး

tan-hpoe — value, worth, or importance of something

ရှိ

shi — to have, exist, or be present

ထို့

htoe — that; referring emphatically to previously mentioned thing

အပြင်

a-pyin — outside; in addition to; besides

ဖော်

hpaw — to reveal, show, or bring out; companion

ပြ

pya — to show, demonstrate, or indicate

ကြီးရောင့်ရဲ

kyi-yaung-yay — generous, magnanimous, or graciously supportive

ထောက်ပံ့

htout-pan — to support, provide for, or assist someone

ကြေး

kye — fee, payment, metal (bronze); wire

အောက်

owt — below, under, or at the bottom

လက်တွေ့

lit-twey — practical, hands-on, or applied in reality

လုပ်ငန်း

lout-ngan — work, business, task, or enterprise

ဆောင်ရွက်

hsaung-ywit — to carry out, implement, or conduct work

နိုင်

nine — to be able to; can; possible

ခဲ့

khe — past tense marker; did, went (away)

အမြဲ

a-hmya — always, constantly, or at all times

တမ်း

dan — intensifier; to yearn; persistently; continuously

စိတ်ဝင်စား

seit-win-za — interested in; finding something engaging or curious

ပြတိုက်

pya-tite — museum or exhibition hall for displays

ကျယ်ပြန့်

kyay-pyan — wide, broad, or extensive in scope

ဖိလစ်ပိုင်

hpi-lit-pine — Philippines; the Southeast Asian island nation

စု

su — to collect, gather, or accumulate

ဆောင်း

hsaung — winter season; to wear; to collect

ဖြစ်နိုင်

hpyit-nine — possible, likely, or capable of happening

ရလဒ်

ya-lut — result, outcome, or consequence of action

အားလုံး

a-lone — all, everyone, or everything without exception

ဖတ်ရှု

hpat-shu — to read, peruse, or study written material

သူ

thu — he, she, or that person; third-person pronoun

ပြည်သူ

pyi-thu — people, citizens, or the general public

အသုံး

a-thone — use, usage, or application of something

ထုတ်

htwit — to take out, extract, or produce

ပြန်

pyan — to return; again; translate; back

မ

ma — negation prefix; not, no, don't

ဘဲ

beh — without doing; despite; duck (animal)

ကွယ်လွန်

kwey-lwan — to pass away, die, or be deceased

မှာ

hma — at, in, on; locative particle; to order

နက်ရှိုင်း

nit-shine — deep, profound, or in-depth

ဝမ်းနည်း

wan-ni — to feel sad, sorrowful, or grieved

ဖွယ်ရာ

hpway-ya — worthy of; deserving; likely to occur

ဖေ

hpay — father (informal); also part of names

မာလေး

ma-lay — Malay; relating to Malay people or language

ဗေဒ

bay-da — science, study, or academic discipline

ဌာန

hta-na — department, office, or institution

လက်ထောက်

lit-htout — assistant, deputy, or subordinate helper

ဦးစီးမှူး

u-si-hmu — director, chief officer, or department head