Traditions of the Tinguian: a Study in Philippine Folk-Lore — Page 4

Vocabulary

၊

(comma pause) — Burmese comma; marks a short pause in text

ဇန်နဝါရီ

jan na wa ri — January, the first month of the year

။

(full stop) — Burmese full stop; marks the end of a sentence

တို့၏

tote ei — Belonging to us or them; possessive plural marker

ရိုးရာ

yo ya — Traditional; relating to customs passed down generations

ဓလေ့

da leh — Custom or habit; a practiced cultural tradition

များ

mya — Plural marker; many or multiple things

ဖိလစ်ပိုင်

phi lit paing — The Philippines, a Southeast Asian island nation

ဒေသဆိုင်ရာ

de tha hsaing ya — Regional; relating to a specific geographic area

ပုံပြင်

pone pyin — Story or tale; a narrative or folk story

အား

a — Object marker; also means strength or energy

လေ့လာ

leh la — To study or learn; to examine something carefully

ချက်

chet — Point or moment; also means to cook something

နိဒါန်း

ni dan — Introduction or preface; opening section of a text

ကျွန်ုပ်တို့

kya nope tote — We or us; first person plural formal pronoun

၏

ei — Possessive particle; indicates ownership or association

မှု

hmu — Abstract noun suffix; denotes an action or state

အတွက်

a twet — For or for the sake of; indicating purpose

ဆို

hsoe — To say or to mean; quotative verb particle

လျှင်

hlyin — If or when; conditional particle in sentences

ဤ

i — This; formal demonstrative pronoun referring nearby thing

ကို

ko — Object marker particle; indicates the direct object

အကြမ်းဖျင်း

a kyan pyin — Roughly or approximately; in a general sense

အားဖြင့်

a phyin — By means of; through a particular method or way

သုံး

thone — Three; also means to use something

ပိုင်း

paing — Part or section; a division of something larger

ခွဲ

khwe — To divide or separate; to split into parts

ထား

hta — To place or keep; indicates a completed action maintained

သည်

thi — Present tense verb marker; also a topic particle

ပထမ

pa hta ma — First; the ordinal number indicating first position

ဒဏ္ဍာရီ

dan da yi — Legend or myth; a traditional heroic narrative story

ကာလ

ka la — Period or era; a span of time

နှင့်

hnin — And or with; conjunction connecting words or phrases

သက်ဆိုင်

thet hsaing — To be relevant or related to something

ပြီး

pyi — After completing; done or finished with an action

ဇာတ်ကောင်

zat kaung — Character; a person or figure in a story

အများ

a mya — Many or most; a large number or majority

တူညီ

tu nyi — To be the same or identical; to match exactly

သော

thaw — Relative clause marker; which or that in English

အလား

a la — Like or similar to; used for comparisons

တူ

tu — Same or alike; resembling another thing or person

ပုံစံ

pone san — Form, style, or pattern of something

သုံးဆယ့်တစ်

thone hseh tit — Thirty-one; the cardinal number 31

ပုဒ်

pote — Episode or unit; a section or segment of text

ပါဝင်

pa win — To include or participate; to be part of something

သို့သော်

thoe thaw — However or but; a contrastive conjunction

နောက်ဆုံး

nauk hsone — Last or final; the very end of something

ငါး

nga — Five; also means fish

မှာ

hma — At or in; locative particle indicating location

စက်ဝန်း

set win — Cycle or circle; a recurring sequence of events

မ

ma — Negation prefix; makes verbs or adjectives negative

ကိုက်ညီ

kite nyi — To match or correspond; to fit together properly

ဘဲ

beh — Without doing; negative adverbial particle

နိဂုံး

ni gone — Conclusion or ending; the final part of a text

ယခင်

ya khin — Former or previous; referring to past times

ဟောင်း

haung — Old or ancient; worn or from a past era

ဆက်ဆံရေး

hset hsan yay — Relationship or relations; interaction between parties

ဖြင့်

phyin — By or with; instrumental particle indicating means

ပြောင်းလဲ

pyaung leh — To change or transform; to become different

ပြောဆို

pyaw hsoe — To speak or say; to express in words

မကြာသေးမီ

ma kya thay mi — Recently or not long ago; in the near past

က

ka — Subject marker particle; indicates the subject of a sentence

ကောင်း

kaung — Good or well; positive quality or condition

မှတ်တမ်း

hmat tan — Record or documentation; written account of events

တစ်ခု

tit khu — One thing; a single item or unit

ဖြစ်

phyit — To be or to happen; existence or occurrence verb

ဟု

hu — Quotative particle; meaning 'saying that' or 'as'

ထင်ရှား

htin sha — Famous or prominent; clearly noticeable or well-known

စွာ

swa — Adverbial suffix; in a manner of doing something

သိ

thi — To know; to have knowledge or awareness of something

နိုင်

nine — Can or able to; expresses ability or possibility

ဒုတိယ

du ti ya — Second; the ordinal number indicating second position

တွင်

twin — In or at; locative particle indicating location or time

ရှင်းပြ

shyin pya — To explain or clarify; to make something clear

၎င်း

da gin — It or that; formal third person pronoun or reference

တို့

tote — Plural marker for pronouns; us, them, or they

ရည်ရွယ်ချက်

yi ywe chet — Purpose or intention; the goal behind an action

အမျိုးမျိုး

a myo myo — Various kinds; of different types or varieties

ဓလေ့ထုံးတမ်း

da leh htone tan — Cultural customs and traditions; conventional practices

ပြုလုပ်

pyu lote — To do or perform; to carry out an action

ပုံ

pone — Picture, image, or shape; also a narrative pattern

သို့မဟုတ်

thoe ma hote — Or; a disjunctive conjunction offering an alternative

မည်

mi — Future tense marker; will or shall do something

ကဲ့သို့

keh thoe — Like or as; used for comparison or similarity

ပြုကျင့်

pyu kyin — To practice or perform; to carry out rituals

ရမည်

ya mi — Must or should; obligation or necessity to do

ရန်

yan — In order to; purpose marker indicating goal or aim

အချို့

a choe — Some; a few of a group or category

နတ်ဝိညာဉ်

nat wi nyan — Spirit or supernatural being; a ghost or deity

သန့်ရှင်း

than shin — Clean or pure; holy and free from impurity

ပစ္စည်း

pyit si — Object or material; a thing or substance used

ယုံကြည်

yone kyi — To believe or trust; to have faith in something

ရ

ya — To get or obtain; also indicates ability or permission

ခြင်း

chin — Nominalizer suffix; turns verbs into abstract nouns

နေ

nay — To live or stay; ongoing action or state particle

လ

la — Moon or month; the lunar body or time period

သဘာဝ

tha ba wa — Nature; the natural world or natural state of things

ဖြစ်ပေါ်

phyit paw — To occur or arise; to come into existence

ရှိ

shi — To exist or have; there is something present

မီး

mi — Fire or light; flame or electrical light source

အစားအစာ

a sa a za — Food; things eaten for nourishment and sustenance

အပင်

a pin — Plant or tree; a living botanical organism

ငှက်

nget — Bird; a feathered winged animal

အိမ်မွေး

ein mway — Pet; a domesticated animal kept at home

တိရစ္ဆာန်

ta yit hsan — Animal; a living creature other than humans

ရရှိ

ya shi — To obtain or acquire; to receive or gain something

မှော်ဆန်

hmaw hsan — Magical or mystical; having supernatural qualities

ဘူး

bu — Negative past marker; never or has not done

ဖော်ပြ

phaw pya — To describe or indicate; to express or show clearly

ထင်

htin — To think or appear; to believe or seem something

နေရာ

nay ya — Place or location; a spot or position somewhere

သတိပြု

tha ti pyu — To be careful or pay attention; to notice something

သင့်

thin — Should or appropriate; indicates moral obligation

ဆုံး

hsone — End or most; indicates superlative or final point

အရေးပါ

a yay pa — Important or significant; playing a crucial role

ဓလေ့ပွဲ

da leh pwe — Cultural festival or ceremony; a traditional celebration

သိရှိ

thi shi — To know or be aware of something

သမျှ

All or everything; every single one of something

အတွင်း

a twin — Inside or within; during a period of time

သည့်

thi — Relative marker; links a clause to its noun

မှ

hma — From or since; source or starting point marker

သော်လည်း

thaw leh — Although or even so; concessive conjunction

လူ

lu — Person or human being; a man or people

အားလုံး

a lone — All or everyone; every single person or thing

မျိုးဆက်

myo hset — Generation; a group of people born in same era

သို့

thoe — To or toward; directional particle indicating destination

ထိန်းသိမ်း

htain thime — To preserve or maintain; to keep something intact

ကြ

kya — Plural verb marker; indicates multiple people doing action

တတိယ

ta ti ya — Third; the ordinal number indicating third position

မိဘ

mi ba — Parents; a mother and father together

သားသမီး

tha tha mi — Children; sons and daughters of parents

ဖျော်ဖြေ

pyaw phyay — To entertain or amuse; to provide enjoyment or fun

ယောက်ျားများ

yout kya mya — Men; adult male persons in plural

မိန်းမ

main ma — Woman; an adult female person

လယ်ကွင်း

leh kwin — Rice field or farmland; agricultural land for cultivation

အိမ်ငယ်

ein ngeh — Small house; a little home or cottage

စဉ်

sin — During or while; throughout a period of time

နေ့

neh — Day; a 24-hour period or daytime

ဆယ်

hseh — Ten; the cardinal number 10

နာရီ

na yi — Hour or clock; a unit of time measurement

ကုန်လွန်

kone lwan — To pass or elapse; time going by

စေ

say — Causative particle; to cause or make someone do

သူတို့

thu tote — They or them; third person plural pronoun

လမ်းခရီး

lan ka yi — Journey or trip; travel along a road or path

နား

na — Ear; the organ for hearing; also to rest

ဆေးသောက်

hsay thout — To take medicine; to drink medicinal substances

ရပ်တန့်

yat tan — To stop or halt; to cease movement or action

အခါ

a kha — Time or occasion; when something happens

ပြော

pyaw — To speak or say; to talk about something