Traditions of the Tinguian: a Study in Philippine Folk-Lore — Page 8

Vocabulary

ခေတ်သစ်

khait thit — Modern era or new age

ဆင်ခြင်

sin jyin — To consider carefully or reflect thoughtfully

တုံတရား

tone taya — Wisdom, prudence, or good judgment

ကြောင့်

kyaung — Because of; due to (causal particle)

လူများ

lu mya — People; plural form of person

အတော်

a taw — Quite; fairly; rather (degree adverb)

များများ

mya mya — Many; a lot; in large quantities

သည်

thi — Sentence-final verb particle; present tense marker

ဤ

i — This; formal demonstrative pronoun

ဒဏ္ဍာရီများ

dan da yi mya — Legends; myths; traditional stories

ကို

ko — Accusative particle; marks direct object

ရိုးရိုး

yo yo — Simple; plain; ordinary

ဇာတ်လမ်းများ

zat lan mya — Stories; narratives; plots

အဖြစ်

a hpyit — As; in the capacity of; as being

သာ

tha — Only; just; merely (limiting particle)

သတ်မှတ်

thet hmat — To define; to designate; to determine

ကာ

ka — Connective particle indicating continuation of action

ဇာတ်ကောင်များ

zat kaung mya — Characters; figures in a story

အတင်း

a tin — Forcibly; stubbornly; by force

အဖန်တီး

a hpan ti — Creation; creative work; origination

ထားသည်

hta thi — To have placed or kept; resultant state marker

ဟု

hu — Quotative particle meaning 'that' or 'saying'

ယူဆ

yu hsa — To assume; to presume; to consider

လာသော

la thaw — That which has come; coming (relative clause)

သဘောထား

tha baw hta — Attitude; opinion; disposition

တစ်ရပ်

tit yat — One particular; a certain (classifier usage)

ဖြစ်ပေါ်လာ

hpyit paw la — To arise; to come into existence; to emerge

သို့သော်

thoe thaw — However; but; nevertheless

လူ

lu — Person; human being

အများစု

a mya su — Majority; most; the greater part

ကမူ

ka mu — As for; on the other hand (contrastive topic marker)

မှန်ကန်

hman kan — Correct; accurate; true

ယုံကြည်

yone kyi — To believe; to trust; to have faith

ပထမဆုံးသော

pa hta ma soun thaw — The very first; earliest (superlative adjective)

ခေတ်ကာလ

khait ka la — Era; period; epoch

တွင်

twing — In; at; within (locative particle)

နေထိုင်

nay htoung — To live; to reside; to dwell

ခဲ့သော

khe thaw — Past tense marker; that which occurred previously

ပြောဆို

pyaw so — To say; to speak; to tell

ကြသည်

kya thi — Plural verb marker; they do (collective action)

ယခု

ya khu — Now; at present; currently

အတွက်

a twet — For; for the sake of; regarding

မူ

mu — Topic marker indicating contrast or emphasis

ကျွန်ုပ်တို့

kyaw no to — We; us (formal first person plural)

သူတို့

thu to — They; them (third person plural)

၏

ei — Possessive particle meaning 'of' or 's

အမြင်

a myin — View; perspective; opinion

လက်ခံ

let khan — To accept; to receive; to acknowledge

ပေါ်လာ

paw la — To appear; to emerge; to come up

သည့်

thi — Relative clause marker (attributive particle)

အတိုင်း

a tine — According to; as per; in accordance with

ရှိ

shi — To exist; to have; to be present

ဘဝ

ba wa — Life; existence; living

ပြန်လည်

pyan lyi — To return; again; re- (prefix of repetition)

တည်ဆောက်

ti zauk — To build; to construct; to establish

ရန်

yan — In order to; for the purpose of (purposive marker)

ကြိုးစား

kyo za — To try; to make effort; to strive

မည်

mi — Future tense marker; will; shall

ဖြစ်သည်

hpyit thi — Is; am; are (copula verb to be)

အဓိက

a di ka — Main; primary; principal; major

နှင့်

hnin — And; with; along with (conjunction/comitative)

၆

chaut — The number six (Myanmar numeral)

မြို့

myo — Town; city; urban settlement

ဆင်းသက်

sin thet — To descend; to come down from above

သစ်သီး

thit thi — Fruit; tree fruit

ခူးချင်သော

khu jyin thaw — Wanting to pick or pluck fruit

ဆန္ဒ

san da — Desire; wish; will; intention

ရှင်းလင်း

shin lin — Clear; clear explanation; to clarify

စဉ်

sin — While; during; in the process of

ဇာတ်လမ်း

zat lan — Story; narrative; tale

ပြောသူ

pyaw thu — Speaker; narrator; one who tells

က

ka — Subject marker particle (nominative case)

ထို

hto — That; those (demonstrative pronoun)

မြို့များ

myo mya — Towns; cities (plural)

မြေပြင်

myay pyin — Ground; land surface; earth

အပေါ်

a paw — On top of; above; upon

လေထု

lay htu — Atmosphere; air; sky air

ထဲ

hte — Inside; within; into (locative particle)

တစ်နေရာ

tit nay ya — One place; a certain place

ရှိသည်

shi thi — There is; there are; exists

အာမခံ

a ma khan — Guarantee; insurance; assurance

ပေးသည်

pay thi — To give; to provide; to offer

စာ

sa — Letter; writing; page; text

၇

khun nit — The number seven (Myanmar numeral)

အခြား

a hkha — Other; another; different

အချိန်များ

a chain mya — Times; periods; moments (plural)

နေရာများ

nay ya mya — Places; locations; spots (plural)

ခေါ်ဆို

khaw so — To call; to refer to; to name

၎င်း

da gin — It; that aforementioned thing (formal pronoun)

မှာ

hma — At; in; on (locative/dative particle)

နတ်

nat — Spirit; deity; supernatural being in Burmese belief

ဝိညာဉ်များ

win nyan mya — Spirits; souls (plural)

လက်ရှိ

let shi — Current; existing; present (adjective)

ကမ္ဘာမြေ

kamba myay — Earth; the world; terrestrial ground

သော

thaw — Relative clause particle (attributive marker)

အသုံးအနှုန်း

a thone a hnoun — Term; expression; phrase; usage

ဖြစ်ပြီး

hpyit pyi — Being; having become; and so (connective)

ဝိညာဉ်

win nyan — Spirit; soul; essence

နာမည်

na myi — Name; title; appellation

ဖြစ်သော

hpyit thaw — Which is; that is; being (relative clause)

ရည်ညွှန်း

yi hnoun — To refer to; to indicate; to allude to

တည်နေရာ

ti nay ya — Location; position; situated place

မည်သို့

mi thoe — How; in what way; by what means

ပင်

pin — Indeed; even; also (emphatic particle)

ဖြစ်စေ

hpyit say — Whether; regardless; let it be (concessive)

လူမျိုး

lu myo — Ethnicity; race; nationality

နေရပ်

nay yat — Hometown; residence; place of abode

အလွန်

a lwun — Very; extremely; excessively

တူသော

tu thaw — Similar; same; alike (relative clause)

နေရာ

nay ya — Place; location; spot

တစ်ခု

tit khu — One thing; a certain one (classifier)

ကောင်းကင်

kaung kin — Sky; heaven; the heavens above

ဇောသူများ

zaw thu mya — Heroes; brave persons (plural)

ဌာနချုပ်

hta na chout — Headquarters; central office; main base

မိုးကောင်းကင်

mo kaung kin — Sky; the open sky with clouds

ရှိပြီး

shi pyi — Having; there being; and there is

သူရဲကောင်းများ

Heroes; brave warriors (plural)

အထက်

a htet — Above; upper; higher level

လောက

law ka — World; realm; universe

သို့

thoe — To; toward; in the direction of

လည်ပတ်

lyi pat — To travel around; to circulate; to tour

တက်ရောက်

tet yauk — To attend; to go up to; to participate

ဖော်ညွှန်း

hpaw hnoun — To indicate; to describe; to point out

သစ်ပင်များ

thit pin mya — Trees (plural)

အပင်များ

a pin mya — Plants; vegetation (plural)

တိရစ္ဆာန်များ

ta yit hsan mya — Animals; creatures (plural)

အများ

a mya — Many; much; a lot

အားဖြင့်

a hpyin — By means of; through; generally speaking

ယနေ့

ya nay — Today; nowadays; the present day

သိရှိ

thi shi — To know; to be aware of; to understand

နေသော

nay thaw — That which is living or staying (relative clause)

အရာများ

a ya mya — Things; objects; matters (plural)

သမုဒ္ဒရာ

tha moot ta ya — Ocean; sea

ကျယ်ကျယ်ပြန့်ပြန့်

kyay kyay pyan pyan — Widely; broadly; extensively

ခြင်း

jyin — Nominalizing suffix turning verb into noun

ခံရသည်

khan ya thi — To receive; to undergo; to be subjected to

ထင်ရသော

htin ya thaw — That which seems or appears to be

အပြင်

a pyin — Outside; exterior; beyond

ကျွန်း

kyun — Island

ရှိသော

shi thaw — That which exists; existing (relative clause)

ကဲ့သို့သော

kae thoe thaw — Such as; like; similar to

အချို့

a cho — Some; certain; a few

လည်း

lyi — Also; too; as well (additive particle)

ဖော်ပြ

hpaw pya — To describe; to show; to present

ထားသော်လည်း

hta thaw lyi — Even though stated; although mentioned

လုံးဝ

lone wa — Completely; entirely; absolutely

မကျွမ်းဝင်

ma kyun win — Unfamiliar; not acquainted with

ကြ

kya — Plural verb particle indicating collective action