Traditions of the Tinguian: a Study in Philippine Folk-Lore — Page 4

Vocabulary

janeiro

zha-NEY-roo — First month of the year; January

de

deh — Preposition meaning 'of' or 'from'

Tradições

tra-dee-SOYNS — Customs or practices passed down through generations

dos

dohs — Contraction of 'de' and 'os'; of the (plural)

Um

oong — Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'one'

Estudo

es-TOO-doo — A detailed examination or research of a subject

do

doo — Contraction of 'de' and 'o'; of the (masculine)

Folclore

fohl-KLOH-reh — Traditional stories, customs, and beliefs of a community

Filipino

fee-lee-PEE-noo — Relating to the Philippines or its people

Introdução

een-troo-doo-SOWN — Opening section presenting the main topic

Para

PAH-rah — Preposition meaning 'for,' 'to,' or 'in order to'

os

ohs — Definite article 'the' for masculine plural nouns

fins

feens — Purposes, goals, or ends of something

nosso

NOH-soo — Possessive pronoun meaning 'our'

estudo

es-TOO-doo — A detailed examination or research of a subject

contos

KOHN-tohs — Short stories or tales, often fictional

foram

FOH-rahn — Past tense of 'ser/ir'; were or went

divididos

dee-vee-DEE-dohs — Separated or split into distinct groups or parts

grosseiramente

groh-say-rah-MEN-teh — Roughly or approximately, without precision

em

ehng — Preposition meaning 'in,' 'at,' or 'on'

três

trays — The number three

partes

PAR-tesh — Sections or portions of a whole

A

ah — Definite article 'the' for feminine singular nouns

primeira

pree-MAY-rah — First in order or position; feminine form

que

keh — Relative pronoun or conjunction meaning 'that' or 'which'

trata

TRAH-tah — Deals with or addresses a particular subject

período

peh-REE-oh-doo — A span or era of time with distinct characteristics

mítico

MEE-tee-koo — Relating to myths or legendary narratives

contém

kohn-TAYNG — Contains or includes something within itself

trinta

TREEN-tah — The number thirty

e

eh — Conjunction meaning 'and'

um

oong — Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'one'

tipo

TEE-poo — A kind, sort, or type of something

semelhante

seh-meh-LYAHN-teh — Similar or resembling something else closely

nos

nohs — Contraction of 'em' and 'os'; in the (plural)

quais

kwais — Relative pronoun meaning 'which' (plural)

personagens

pehr-soh-NAH-zheens — Characters appearing in stories or narratives

são

sowng — Third person plural of 'ser'; they are

sua

SOO-ah — Possessive pronoun meaning 'his,' 'her,' or 'its'

maior

my-OR — Greater or larger in size, degree, or importance

parte

PAR-teh — A portion or section of a larger whole

mesmos

MEZ-mohs — The same ones; identical persons or things

embora

em-BOH-rah — Conjunction meaning 'although' or 'even though'

últimos

OOL-tee-mohs — The last or final ones in a sequence

cinco

SEEN-koo — The number five

não

nowng — Negation word meaning 'no' or 'not'

se

seh — Reflexive pronoun meaning 'oneself' or 'itself'

encaixem

en-KAI-shehng — Fit or slot neatly into a place or category

adequadamente

ah-deh-kwah-dah-MEN-teh — In a suitable or appropriate manner

no

noo — Contraction of 'em' and 'o'; in the (masculine)

ciclo

SEE-kloo — A recurring series or cycle of events

a

ah — Definite article 'the' for feminine singular nouns

história

ees-TOH-ryah — A story, tale, or account of events

conclusiva

kohn-kloo-ZEE-vah — Serving as a conclusion or final summary

é

eh — Third person singular of 'ser'; he/she/it is

evidentemente

eh-vee-den-teh-MEN-teh — Clearly or obviously, without doubt

relato

heh-LAH-too — An account or narrative of events

recente

heh-SEN-teh — Recent or newly occurring in time

narrado

nah-HAH-doo — Told or recounted in narrative form

na

nah — Contraction of 'em' and 'a'; in the (feminine)

forma

FOR-mah — The shape, style, or manner of something

das

dahs — Contraction of 'de' and 'as'; of the (feminine plural)

relações

heh-lah-SOYNS — Relationships or accounts connecting people or events

mais

maish — More; used in comparisons or to indicate quantity

antigas

ahn-TEE-gahs — Old or ancient; feminine plural form

Na

nah — Contraction of 'em' and 'a'; in the (feminine)

segunda

seh-GOON-dah — Second in order or position; feminine form

divisão

dee-vee-ZOWN — A division or separation into distinct parts

estão

es-TOWN — Third person plural of 'estar'; they are (located)

mitos

MEE-tohs — Traditional stories explaining natural or cultural phenomena

ritualísticos

hee-twah-LEES-tee-kohs — Relating to or involving rituals or ceremonial practices

explicativos

ex-plee-kah-TEE-vohs — Serving to explain or clarify something

cujo

KOO-zhoo — Relative possessive pronoun meaning 'whose'

objetivo

ohb-zheh-TEE-voo — An aim, goal, or purpose to be achieved

parece

pah-REH-seh — Seems or appears to be something

ser

sehr — Infinitive of 'to be'; indicating permanent state

dar

dar — To give something to someone

conta

KOHN-tah — Account or explanation of something

da

dah — Contraction of 'de' and 'a'; of the (feminine)

origem

oh-REE-zheeng — The origin or starting point of something

ou

oh — Conjunction meaning 'or'

maneira

mah-NAY-rah — A way, method, or manner of doing something

conduzir

kohn-doo-ZEER — To conduct, lead, or carry out something

várias

VAH-ryahs — Several or various; feminine plural form

cerimônias

seh-ree-MOH-nyahs — Formal events or rituals with symbolic significance

crença

KREN-sah — A belief or conviction held by a person

certos

SEHR-tohs — Certain or specific; masculine plural form

espíritos

es-PEE-ree-tohs — Spirits or supernatural beings in folklore

objetos

ohb-ZHEH-tohs — Physical objects or items of material existence

sagrados

sah-GRAH-dohs — Sacred or holy; having religious or spiritual significance

existência

ex-ees-TEN-syah — The state of existing or being present

sol

sohl — The sun, the star at the center of our solar system

lua

LOO-ah — The moon, Earth's natural satellite

outros

OH-trohs — Others; additional persons or things

fenômenos

feh-NOH-meh-nohs — Observable natural occurrences or events

naturais

nah-too-RAIS — Occurring in nature; not artificial or man-made

obtenção

ohb-ten-SOWN — The act of obtaining or acquiring something

fogo

FOH-goo — Fire; the combustion producing heat and light

plantas

PLAHN-tahs — Plants or vegetation grown in nature or gardens

alimentícias

ah-lee-men-TEE-syahs — Relating to food or nourishment; edible

pássaros

PAH-sah-rohs — Birds; feathered animals capable of flight

animais

ah-nee-MAIS — Animals; living organisms other than plants

domésticos

doh-MES-tee-kohs — Domesticated or kept as pets or farm animals

bem

beng — Well; in a good or satisfactory manner

como

KOH-moo — As or like; used in comparisons or explanations

jarros

ZHAH-hohs — Jars or pitchers used to hold liquids

contas

KOHN-tahs — Beads used in jewelry or decorative items

mágicas

MAH-zhee-kahs — Magical or having supernatural powers

Aqui

ah-KEE — Here; in or at this place

deve-se

DEH-veh-seh — One should or it is necessary to note

notar

noh-TAR — To note or observe something carefully

algumas

al-GOO-mahs — Some; an unspecified number; feminine plural

crenças

KREN-sahs — Beliefs or convictions held by a group

comuns

koh-MOONHS — Common or widespread among many people

importantes

eem-por-TAHN-tesh — Having great significance or value

até

ah-TEH — Until or up to a certain point or extent

onde

OHN-deh — Where; indicating location or place

sabe

SAH-beh — Knows; third person singular of 'saber'

desacompanhadas

deh-zah-kohm-pah-NYAH-dahs — Unaccompanied or without any accompanying narratives

quaisquer

kwais-KEHR — Any whatsoever; used in negative or conditional contexts

mas

mahs — Conjunction meaning 'but' indicating contrast

conhecidas

koh-nyeh-SEE-dahs — Known or recognized by people

por

por — Preposition meaning 'by,' 'through,' or 'for'

toda

TOH-dah — All or entire; feminine singular form

população

poh-poo-lah-SOWN — The total number of people inhabiting an area

preservadas

preh-zehr-VAH-dahs — Preserved or maintained in original condition

quase

KWAH-zeh — Almost or nearly but not quite

sem

sehng — Preposition meaning 'without'

alteração

al-teh-rah-SOWN — A change or modification to something existing

geração

zheh-rah-SOWN — A generation; people born around the same time

terceira

tehr-SAY-rah — Third in order or position; feminine form

as

ahs — Definite article 'the' for feminine plural nouns

histórias

ees-TOH-ryahs — Stories or tales; plural of história

com

kohng — Preposition meaning 'with'

pais

PAH-ees — Parents; a father and mother together

divertem

dee-VEHR-tehng — Entertain or amuse others with stories

seus

SEH-ohs — Possessive pronoun meaning 'his,' 'her,' or 'their'

filhos

FEEL-yohs — Sons or children in general

homens

OH-mehnhs — Men; adult male persons

mulheres

moo-LYEH-rehs — Women; adult female persons

passam

PAH-sahng — Spend or pass time doing something

horas

OH-rahs — Hours; units of time equal to sixty minutes

meio-dia

MAY-oo-DEE-ah — Midday; the middle of the day, noon

enquanto

en-KWAHN-too — Conjunction meaning 'while' or 'whereas'

descansam

des-KAHN-sahng — Rest or relax, taking a break from activity

nas

nahs — Contraction of 'em' and 'as'; in the (feminine plural)

casas

KAH-zahs — Houses or homes where people live

campo

KAHM-poo — A field or countryside area outside the city

quando

KWAHN-doo — Conjunction or adverb meaning 'when'

param

PAH-rahng — Stop or pause from movement or activity

trilha

TREEL-yah — A trail or path through natural terrain

para

PAH-rah — Preposition meaning 'for,' 'to,' or 'in order to'

descansar

des-kahn-SAR — To rest or take a break from activity

fumar

foo-MAR — To smoke tobacco or similar substances