Traditions of the Tinguian: a Study in Philippine Folk-Lore — Page 5

Vocabulary

Nenhum

None; not any of a group or set

dos

Contraction of 'de + os': of the

contos

Tales or short stories, often traditional

populares

Popular; widely known among common people

é

Is; third person singular of 'ser'

considerado

Considered; regarded as something specific

propriedade

Property; ownership of something belonging to someone

narradores

Narrators; people who tell stories

mas

But; conjunction used to contrast ideas

apenas

Only; just; nothing more than this

os

The; masculine plural definite article

da

Contraction of 'de + a': of the (feminine)

terceira

Third; the ordinal number following second

divisão

Division; a section or category of something

são

Are; third person plural of 'ser'

bem

Well; in a good or satisfactory manner

conhecidos

Known; familiar to many people

pelo

Contraction of 'por + o': by the

povo

People; the common folk of a community

em

In; at; a general location preposition

geral

General; applying broadly to most cases

Os

The; masculine plural definite article

primeira

First; the ordinal number before second (feminine)

seção

Section; a distinct part of a whole

raramente

Rarely; seldom; not happening very often

ouvidos

Heard; past participle of 'ouvir' (to hear)

exceto

Except; excluding; with the exception of

durante

During; throughout the course of a time

a

The; feminine singular definite article

estação

Season or station; a period of the year

seca

Dry season; period with little or no rain

quando

When; at the time that something occurs

as

The; feminine plural definite article

pessoas

People; individuals in a group or society

se

Reflexive pronoun: themselves or oneself

reúnem

Gather; come together in one place

torno

Around; in the vicinity of something

de

Of; from; a very common Portuguese preposition

fogueiras

Bonfires; open fires built outdoors at night

várias

Various; several different parts or examples

partes

Parts; sections or areas of a place

aldeia

Village; a small rural community or settlement

Para

To; for; a preposition indicating direction or purpose

lá

There; at or in that place

vão

Go; third person plural of 'ir'

homens

Men; adult male human beings

e

And; conjunction connecting words or phrases

mulheres

Women; adult female human beings

estas

These (feminine); referring to nearby female referents

para

To; for; indicating purpose or direction

fiar

To spin fiber into thread or yarn

algodão

Cotton; a soft natural fiber used for cloth

aqueles

Those (masculine); referring to distant male referents

fazer

To make or to do something

redes

Nets; mesh structures used for catching fish

pesca

Fishing; the activity of catching fish

ou

Or; a conjunction presenting an alternative choice

consertar

To repair or fix broken tools or objects

suas

Their; possessive pronoun (feminine plural)

ferramentas

Tools; instruments used for work or craft

armas

Weapons; instruments used for fighting or hunting

Em

In; at; preposition indicating location or context

tal

Such; of that particular kind or nature

reunião

Meeting; a gathering of people for a purpose

geralmente

Generally; usually; in most cases or situations

há

There is/are; third person of 'haver'

uma

A; one; feminine indefinite article

mais

More; a greater quantity or degree

que

That; who; which; a versatile conjunction/pronoun

entretêm

Entertain; keep others amused or engaged

seus

Their; his; her; possessive pronoun (masculine plural)

companheiros

Companions; people who accompany or associate together

com

With; preposition indicating accompaniment or means

esses

Those; demonstrative pronoun referring to nearby things

Tal

Such; that particular; used to describe a person

pessoa

Person; an individual human being

não

No; not; used to negate a statement

remunerada

Paid; compensated for services or work done

por

By; for; through; a common Portuguese preposition

serviços

Services; work performed for others' benefit

o

The; masculine singular definite article

fato

Fact; a thing known to be true

conhecer

To know a person or place; to be familiar with

histórias

Stories; narratives about real or fictional events

primeiros

First; earliest; referring to the beginning times

tempos

Times; periods of history or spans of time

faz

Makes; does; third person singular of 'fazer'

dela

Of her; from her; feminine possessive contraction

adição

Addition; something added to a group or set

bem-vinda

Welcome; a desirable or appreciated addition (feminine)

ao

Contraction of 'a + o': to the (masculine)

grupo

Group; a collection of people together

lhe

To him/her; indirect object pronoun in Portuguese

confere

Confers; grants or bestows something upon someone

posição

Position; status or place within a social hierarchy

invejável

Enviable; worthy of being envied by others

na

Contraction of 'em + a': in the (feminine)

estima

Esteem; high regard or respect from others

puramente

Purely; entirely; in a completely pure manner

ritualísticos

Ritualistic; relating to or used in rituals

chamados

Called; named; referred to by a specific term

aprendidos

Learned; acquired through study or practice

palavra

Word; a unit of spoken or written language

pelos

Contraction of 'por + os': by the (masculine plural)

médiuns

Mediums; people who communicate with spiritual beings

como

As; like; how; a versatile conjunction or adverb

parte

Part; a portion of a larger whole

seu

His; her; their; possessive pronoun (singular)

treinamento

Training; preparation or instruction for a role

funções

Functions; roles or duties performed by someone

recitados

Recited; spoken aloud from memory formally

enquanto

While; during the time that something happens

um

A; one; masculine indefinite article in Portuguese

animal

Animal; a living creature that is not a plant

ungido

Anointed; rubbed with oil in a ritual ceremony

óleo

Oil; a liquid used for cooking or ritual purposes

preparação

Preparation; the process of getting something ready

ser

To be; an infinitive verb indicating existence or identity

sacrificado

Sacrificed; killed as a religious or ritual offering

algum

Some; any; an indefinite pronoun or adjective

outro

Other; another; a different one from before

presente

Present; a gift or something offered to someone

está

Is; third person singular of 'estar' (temporary state)

prestes

About to; on the verge of doing something

oferecido

Offered; presented as a gift or sacrifice

aos

Contraction of 'a + os': to the (masculine plural)

seres

Beings; living or spiritual entities or creatures

superiores

Superior beings; those of higher rank or power

O

The; masculine singular definite article

autor

Author; a person who writes or creates texts

registrou

Recorded; documented something for future reference

vários

Several; various; more than two but not many

cidades

Cities; large urban areas with many inhabitants

muito

Very; much; a lot; indicating high degree

distantes

Distant; far apart from one another in space

entre

Between; among; in the middle of two things

si

Themselves; each other; reflexive third person pronoun

encontrou

Found; encountered; came across during a search

bastante

Quite; fairly; sufficiently; a considerable amount

uniformes

Uniform; consistent and the same across many examples

texto

Text; written content of a document or story

conteúdo

Content; the substance or subject matter of something

explicativos

Explanatory; serving to clarify or give explanation

foram

Were; past tense plural of 'ser' or 'ir'

igualmente

Equally; likewise; in the same manner or degree

obtidos

Obtained; gathered or acquired from a source

idosos

Elderly people; older individuals in a community

conhecem

Know; are familiar with people, places, or customs

costumes

Customs; traditional practices of a culture or community