Traditions of the Tinguian: a Study in Philippine Folk-Lore — Page 9

Vocabulary

Chúng

chúng — Pronoun meaning 'we' or 'they' in Vietnamese.

ta

ta — First-person pronoun; 'we' or 'I' informally.

biết

biết — To know or be aware of something.

rằng

rằng — Conjunction meaning 'that,' introducing a clause.

mỗi

mỗi — Each or every individual item or person.

ngôi

ngôi — Classifier for houses, stars, or positions.

làng

làng — A village or small rural community.

đều

đều — All; every; uniformly applies to all subjects.

nằm

nằm — To lie down; to be located somewhere.

gần

gần — Near or close to something in distance.

một

một — The number one; indefinite article 'a/an.'

con

con — Classifier for animals, rivers, roads, children.

sông

sông — A river or large flowing body of water.

hoặc

hoặc — Or; used to present alternatives or choices.

đường

đường — Road, path, or route for travel.

thủy

thủy — Water; used in compounds relating to water.

dọc

dọc — Along; lengthwise in a direction.

theo

theo — To follow; according to; along with.

bờ

bờ — Bank, shore, or edge of a body of water.

của

của — Possessive particle meaning 'of' or 'belonging to.'

đó

đó — That; there; referring to something previously mentioned.

người

người — Person, people, or human being.

đào

đào — To dig into the ground or earth.

những

những — Plural marker for nouns in Vietnamese.

giếng

giếng — A well dug to access underground water.

nông

nông — Shallow; not deep in depth.

và

và — And; conjunction joining words or clauses.

ở

ở — To live at; to be located at a place.

chúng

chúng — They; them; referring to a group of things.

thấy

thấy — To see or perceive visually; to find.

phụ

phụ — Female; auxiliary; secondary in compounds.

nữ

nữ — Woman; female gender in Vietnamese.

tụ

tụ — To gather or congregate in one place.

tập

tập — To practice; to gather; episode or volume.

dưới

dưới — Under, below, or beneath something.

bóng

bóng — Shadow or shade cast by an object.

cây

cây — Tree or plant; classifier for plants.

múc

múc — To scoop or ladle out liquid.

nước

nước — Water; also means country or nation.

để

để — To put; in order to; so that.

mang

mang — To carry or bring something somewhere.

về

về — To return; about; regarding a topic.

nhà

nhà — House, home, or building for living.

gội

gội — To wash one's hair thoroughly.

đầu

đầu — Head; beginning or first part of something.

chải

chải — To comb or brush hair.

tóc

tóc — Hair on a person's head.

tắm

tắm — To bathe or take a bath or shower.

rửa

rửa — To wash or clean something with water.

Họ

họ — They; them; referring to other people.

hiếm

hiếm — Rare, scarce, or seldom occurring.

khi

khi — When; a point or period in time.

đi

đi — To go or travel somewhere.

mình

mình — Oneself; alone; one's own body.

vì

vì — Because; for the sake of someone.

kẻ

kẻ — A person, often with negative connotation.

thù

thù — Enemy; hatred or enmity toward someone.

thường

thường — Usually, often, or commonly occurring.

trừ

trừ — Except; to exclude or subtract something.

có

có — To have; there is/are; to exist.

nhiều

nhiều — Many, much, or a large quantity.

cùng

cùng — Together with; same; at the same time.

việc

việc — Work, task, matter, or affair.

báo

báo — To report or notify; newspaper.

động

động — To move; alarm; cave or grotto.

tìm

tìm — To search for or look for something.

kiếm

kiếm — To seek or find; a sword.

sự

sự — Nominalizing particle for abstract nouns.

giúp

giúp — To help or assist someone.

đỡ

đỡ — To support or reduce burden; to help.

bị

bị — Passive marker indicating an unfavorable action.

tấn

tấn — To attack; a unit of weight (ton).

công

công — Attack; work; public; merit.

sẽ

sẽ — Future tense marker; will or shall.

là

là — To be; linking verb in Vietnamese.

điều

điều — Thing, matter, or point being discussed.

không

không — No, not; negation word in Vietnamese.

thể

thể — Can; able to; body or form.

Dẫn

dẫn — To lead, guide, or conduct something.

từ

từ — From; since; word or vocabulary item.

suối

suối — A stream or small natural flowing water.

lên

lên — Up; to rise or go upward.

đến

đến — To arrive at; to reach; until.

cọc

cọc — A stake or post driven into ground.

tre

tre — Bamboo plant used widely in Vietnamese culture.

trên

trên — On top of; above; upper surface.

trưng

trưng — To display or exhibit something publicly.

bày

bày — To display or arrange items for viewing.

lâu

lâu — For a long time; a long duration.

Trong

trong — Inside, within, or in a place.

trường

trường — School; field; case or circumstance.

hợp

hợp — To combine; suitable; case or instance.

các

các — Plural marker for definite multiple nouns.

chiến

chiến — War, battle, or combat-related term.

binh

binh — Soldier or military person.

đặc

đặc — Special, particular, or thick/dense.

biệt

Special; separate; to distinguish from others.

thắng

thắng — To win or be victorious in competition.

lợi

lợi — Benefit, profit, or advantage gained.

phẩm

phẩm — Product, item, or quality of something.

này

này — This; referring to something nearby or present.

bao

bao — To surround; bag; how much/many.

quanh

quanh — Around, surrounding, or encircling an area.

toàn

toàn — Whole, entire, or complete in scope.

bộ

bộ — Entire set; ministry; to walk.

khu

khu — Area, zone, or district of a region.

định

định — To settle, determine, or plan something.

cư

cư — To reside or settle in a place.

Xung

xung — Surrounding; rushing toward; impulse.

thị

thị — Market; town; urban area.

trấn

trấn — Town or small urban settlement.

bức

bức — Classifier for walls, paintings, or letters.

tường

tường — Wall of a building or fortification.

phòng

phòng — Room; to defend or prevent something.

thủ

thủ — To defend or guard; head or chief.

làm

làm — To do, make, or work on something.

bằng

bằng — Made of; equal to; by means of.

nhưng

nhưng — But; however; contrasting conjunction.

trong

trong — Inside, within; clear or transparent.

số

số — Number, quantity, or fate/destiny.

được

được — To obtain; can; passive/result marker.

tạo

tạo — To create, form, or make something.

thành

thành — To become; city wall; succeed in.

hoàn

hoàn — Complete, whole; to return or restore.

rắn

rắn — Hard, solid; a snake.

khổng

khổng — Enormous, gigantic; used in compounds.

Bên

bên — Side; beside or next to something.

vực

vực — Abyss, deep pit, or chasm.

Sàn

sàn — Floor or platform of a building.

nâng

nâng — To raise, lift, or elevate something.

cao

cao — High, tall, or elevated in position.

so

so — To compare; in comparison with something.

với

với — With; together; compared to someone.

mặt

mặt — Face; surface; aspect of something.

đất

đất — Earth, ground, soil, or land.

mái

mái — Roof of a building or structure.

lợp

lợp — To thatch or cover a roof with material.

cỏ

cỏ — Grass or small ground-level plants.

Những

những — Plural marker indicating multiple items or people.

chiếc

chiếc — Classifier for individual objects like vehicles, ladders.

thang

thang — Ladder or staircase for climbing.

dẫn

dẫn — To lead, guide, or conduct toward something.

hiên

hiên — Veranda, porch, or eave of a house.

nhỏ

nhỏ — Small, little, or young in size.

cửa

cửa — Door, gate, or entrance to a place.

mở

mở — To open or turn on something.

vào

vào — To enter or go into a place.

bên

bên — Side or beside; next to something.

Ít

ít — Few, little, or a small amount.

nhất

nhất — Most; superlative marker in Vietnamese.

thêm

thêm — More, additional, or to add to something.

nấu

nấu — To cook food by applying heat.

ăn

ăn — To eat food or consume a meal.

ngoài

ngoài — Outside, exterior, or beyond a boundary.

dành

dành — To reserve or set aside for someone.

cho

cho — For; to give; intended for someone.

gia

gia — Family; home; used in compounds.

đình

đình — Family; communal house; to stop.

trình

trình — To present or report formally; level.

căn

căn — Classifier for rooms or small structures.

thứ

thứ — Ordinal number marker; rank or order.

chín

chín — Nine; ripe or cooked thoroughly.

đề

đề — Topic, subject, or to mention something.

cập

cập — To mention or reach; used in compounds.

lần

lần — Time, instance, or occurrence of an event.