Traditions of the Tinguian: a Study in Philippine Folk-Lore — Page 6
The stories of the last division are the most frequently heard and, as already indicated, are told by all.
最后一部分的故事是最常被听到的，并且如前所述，是由所有人讲述的。
It is evident even to the casual reader that these show much more evidence of outside influence than do the others; some, indeed, appear to have been recently borrowed from the neighboring christianized Ilocano. [2]
即使是随意的读者也能明显看出，这些故事比其他故事显示出更多外部影响的痕迹；其中一些，确实，似乎是最近从邻近的已基督教化的伊洛卡诺人那里借用的。[2]
Tales of the Mythical Period
神话时期的故事
_Reconstruction of the Culture_.--In the first division certain actors occur with great frequency, while others always take the leading parts.
《文化的重建》——在第一部分中，某些角色出现的频率很高，而另一些角色则始终担任主角。
These latter appear under a variety of names, two or more titles often being used for the same individual in a single tale.
后者以各种名字出现，在同一个故事中，同一个人物往往使用两个或更多的称谓。
To avoid confusion a list of the fourteen principal actors and their relationships are given in the accompanying table.
为了避免混淆，附表中列出了十四位主要角色及其相互关系。
It will appear that there are some conflicts in the use of names, but when it is realized that the first twenty-six myths which make up the cycle proper were secured from six story tellers coming from four different towns, the agreement rather than the disagreement is surprising.
看起来在名字的使用上存在一些冲突，但当意识到构成完整故事周期的前二十六个神话是从来自四个不同城镇的六位讲故事者那里收集到的时，令人惊讶的是彼此的一致而非分歧。
As a matter of fact there is quite as much variation between the accounts of the same narrator as between those gathered from different towns.
事实上，同一位叙述者的不同讲述之间的差异，与从不同城镇收集的讲述之间的差异一样大。
_Table of Leading Characters_ [3]
主要角色列表 [3]
I. Aponitolau. Son of Pagatipánan [male] [4] and Langa-an [female] of Kadalayapan; is the husband of Aponibolinayen.
一、阿波尼托劳。卡达拉亚潘的帕加提帕南[男][4]与朗加安[女]之子；是阿波尼博利纳延的丈夫。
Appears under the following names: (a) Ligi, (b) Albaga of Dalaga, (c) Dagdagalisit, (d) Ingiwan or Kagkagákag, (e) Ini-init, (f) Ling-giwan, (g) Kadayadawan, (h) Wadagan, (i) Awig (?)
以下列名字出现：（a）利基，（b）达拉加的阿尔巴加，（c）达格达加利西特，（d）英吉万或卡格卡加卡格，（e）伊尼-伊尼特，（f）林-吉万，（g）卡达亚达万，（h）瓦达甘，（i）阿维格（？）
II. Aponigawani.
二、阿波尼加瓦尼。
Vocabulary
- 最后
- zuìhòu — Finally; at last; in the end
- 一
- yī — One; a single unit
- 部分
- bùfen — Part; portion; section of something
- 的
- de — Structural particle indicating possession or modification
- 故事
- gùshi — Story; tale; narrative account
- 是
- shì — To be; is; am; are
- 最常
- zuì cháng — Most often; most frequently
- 被
- bèi — Passive marker; by (indicating passive voice)
- 听到
- tīng dào — To hear; to have heard something
- 并且
- bìngqiě — And; moreover; in addition to
- 如
- rú — As; like; as mentioned
- 前所述
- qián suǒ shù — As mentioned previously; as stated before
- 由
- yóu — By; from; through; via
- 所有人
- suǒyǒu rén — Everyone; all people; everybody
- 讲述
- jiǎngshù — To narrate; to tell; to recount
- 即使
- jíshǐ — Even if; even though; regardless
- 随意
- suíyì — Casual; random; at will; arbitrary
- 读者
- dúzhě — Reader; one who reads text
- 也
- yě — Also; too; as well; even
- 能
- néng — Can; able to; capable of
- 明显
- míngxiǎn — Obvious; clear; evident; apparent
- 看出
- kān chū — To discern; to detect; to see clearly
- 这些
- zhèxiē — These; referring to nearby plural items
- 比
- bǐ — Compared to; than; more than
- 其他
- qítā — Other; the rest; other things
- 显示
- xiǎnshì — To show; to display; to indicate
- 出
- chū — Out; to come out; to emerge
- 更多
- gèng duō — More; even more; greater quantity
- 外部
- wàibù — External; outside; exterior influence
- 影响
- yǐngxiǎng — Influence; impact; effect on something
- 痕迹
- hénjì — Trace; mark; vestige; sign left behind
- 其中
- qízhōng — Among them; within; included in
- 一些
- yīxiē — Some; a few; a number of
- 确实
- quèshí — Indeed; truly; certainly; in fact
- 似乎
- sìhū — It seems; apparently; as if
- 最近
- zuìjìn — Recently; lately; in recent times
- 从
- cóng — From; since; following a source
- 邻近
- línjìn — Neighboring; nearby; adjacent area
- 已
- yǐ — Already; have; indicates completion
- 那里
- nàlǐ — There; that place; over there
- 借用
- jièyòng — To borrow; to adopt from another source
- 神话
- shénhuà — Myth; mythology; legendary narrative
- 时期
- shíqī — Period; era; phase of time
- 文化
- wénhuà — Culture; cultural practices and heritage
- 重建
- chóngjiàn — Reconstruction; to rebuild; to restore
- 在
- zài — At; in; located at; existing in
- 第一
- dì yī — First; number one; primary
- 中
- zhōng — In; among; within; middle
- 某些
- mǒuxiē — Certain; some specific; particular ones
- 角色
- juésè — Character; role; persona in story
- 出现
- chūxiàn — To appear; to emerge; to occur
- 频率
- pínlǜ — Frequency; rate of occurrence
- 很高
- hěn gāo — Very high; very frequent; very tall
- 而
- ér — While; but; and; yet (conjunction)
- 另一些
- lìng yīxiē — Other ones; some others; another group
- 则
- zé — Then; while; on the other hand
- 始终
- shǐzhōng — Always; from beginning to end; consistently
- 担任
- dānrèn — To serve as; to hold a role
- 主角
- zhǔjué — Main character; protagonist; leading role
- 后者
- hòuzhě — The latter; the second mentioned item
- 以
- yǐ — With; by means of; using
- 各种
- gèzhǒng — Various; all kinds of; diverse
- 名字
- míngzi — Name; given name; personal name
- 同一个
- tóngyī gè — The same one; identical; one and same
- 人物
- rénwù — Character; figure; personage in story
- 往往
- wǎngwǎng — Often; frequently; tend to; usually
- 使用
- shǐyòng — To use; to employ; to make use of
- 两个
- liǎng gè — Two; a pair of; two items
- 或
- huò — Or; either; alternatively
- 称谓
- chēngwèi — Title; form of address; appellation
- 为了
- wèile — In order to; for the purpose of
- 避免
- bìmiǎn — To avoid; to prevent; to avert
- 混淆
- hùnxiáo — Confusion; to confuse; to mix up
- 列出
- liè chū — To list; to enumerate; to set out
- 了
- le — Completion particle; indicates finished action
- 主要
- zhǔyào — Main; primary; principal; major
- 及其
- jí qí — And their; along with their; including
- 相互
- xiānghù — Mutual; reciprocal; between each other
- 关系
- guānxi — Relationship; connection; ties between
- 看起来
- kàn qǐlái — To appear; to seem; to look like
- 上
- shàng — On; above; surface; upper
- 存在
- cúnzài — To exist; existence; to be present
- 冲突
- chōngtū — Conflict; contradiction; clash; tension
- 但
- dàn — But; however; yet; nevertheless
- 当
- dāng — When; while; at the time of
- 意识到
- yìshí dào — To realize; to become aware of something
- 构成
- gòuchéng — To constitute; to form; to make up
- 完整
- wánzhěng — Complete; whole; intact; entire
- 周期
- zhōuqī — Cycle; period; recurring sequence
- 前
- qián — Before; front; prior; preceding
- 个
- gè — General measure word for items or people
- 来自
- láizì — To come from; originating from
- 四个
- sì gè — Four; a group of four items
- 不同
- bùtóng — Different; distinct; unlike; varied
- 城镇
- chéngzhèn — Town; small city; urban settlement
- 讲故事者
- jiǎng gùshi zhě — Storyteller; one who narrates tales
- 收集到
- shōují dào — To have collected; to have gathered
- 时
- shí — When; at the time; temporal marker
- 令人惊讶
- lìng rén jīngyà — Surprisingly; astonishing; causing amazement
- 彼此
- bǐcǐ — Each other; one another; mutually
- 一致
- yīzhì — Consistent; unanimous; in agreement
- 而非
- ér fēi — Rather than; instead of; not but
- 分歧
- fēnqí — Divergence; disagreement; difference of opinion
- 事实上
- shìshí shàng — In fact; actually; as a matter of fact
- 同一位
- tóngyī wèi — The same person; one identical individual
- 叙述者
- xùshùzhě — Narrator; one who tells a story
- 之间
- zhījiān — Between; among; in the middle of
- 差异
- chāyì — Difference; discrepancy; variation between things
- 与
- yǔ — And; with; together with
- 收集
- shōují — To collect; to gather; collection
- 一样
- yīyàng — The same; alike; equally; just like
- 大
- dà — Big; large; great; significant
- 列表
- lièbiǎo — List; table; enumerated items
- 男
- nán — Male; man; masculine gender
- 女
- nǚ — Female; woman; feminine gender
- 之子
- zhī zǐ — Son of; child of; offspring of
- 丈夫
- zhàngfu — Husband; a woman's spouse
- 以下列
- yǐxià liè — Listed as follows; the following list
- 二
- èr — Two; the number two; second
Unlock audio playback, vocabulary games, and reading progress tracking.
Create free account →